臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台商以網路關係所建構的專業分工及靈活優勢，在降低生產成本及擴張市場的驅動因素下，進行海外設廠投資，如何就投資區位選擇、母國及夥伴關係之維繫或解體及國際化產業網路發展決策變數，作一最適之抉擇，以降低風險及提高海外投資成功機會與營運績效，即為目前台商國際化必然思考及遭遇的重要課題。
本研究以網路個體分析角度，探討台商國際化生產網路發展之策略及經營績效，並以海外直接投資理論、網路理論及技術理論，架構一整合性決策模式，以提供台商國際化佈局及跨國生產網路發展決策整體性之思考方向。本研究係針對前往中國大陸、東南亞及歐美三地區從事海外直接投資，且有實際設廠生產並營運的台灣「製造業」262家廠商進行實證研究。
本研究主要發現，「投資區位特性」、「廠商特性」、「製程技術特徵」及「網路聯結關係」顯著影響台商投資區位之選擇，同時以複區別（MDA）分析產生二條區別函數－「投資環境及廠商國際化」及「技術製程及網路關係」函數，能有效區別三地區之投資廠商，並作為個別廠商赴海外直接區位選擇決策參考。
在國際化生產網路發展模式方面，台商四種國際化生產網路發展模式－「群體移棲」、「隻身拓荒」、「延伸網路」及「重構關係」，在「投資區位特性」、「廠商特性」、「製程技術特徵」、「網路結構」及「網路聯結關係」等決策構面，存在顯著之差異。以Logistic迴歸分析台商海外投資網路管理之決策因素影響發現，母國（台灣）生產關係維持與否主要取決於企業內部因素及投資地區之特性，其中以廠商「投資區位相對熟悉度」越高、「國際化經驗」越豐富及「生產產品技術模組化程度」越高，其海外設廠投資時，越傾向於與母國之生產關係中止；而原網路夥伴關係維持與否主要取決於企業外部網路聯結及網路結構之特性，原生產網路聯結及結構越緊密，廠商於發展國際化生產網路時，越傾向於維持原夥伴關係，惟廠商若其「廠商規模」越大、「投資區位相對熟悉度」越高及「國際化策略佈局動機」越強，則海外設廠投資時，越傾向於中止原夥伴合作之關係。在經營績效方面，以延伸網路發展國際化生產網路之廠商在經營績效表現上居四種模式之冠，群體移棲次之，而重構網路及隻身拓荒者較差。
本研究實證資料以線性結構關係模型（LISREL）建構之「台灣廠商國際化網路發展決策模型」、「台灣大型企業廠商國際化生產網路發展決策模型」及「台灣中小企業廠商國際化生產網路發展決策模型」具有良好整體配適度及解釋能力。就決策因素而言，原有生產網路結構及聯結關係與本身廠商特性，對大型企業發展國際化生產網路時影響較為明顯，中小企業則以製程技術特徵及原有生產網路聯結關係影響較大。

Under the effect of global economic and trade liberation, expansion of internationalization and out-shift of industry has become a trend. With network relationship, Taiwan companies have already established advantages in professional division of labor and flexibility. Presently, under the driving factors of production cost reduction and market expansion, how enterprise can make the most appropriate choice in the selection of direct investment district, maintenance of relationship with parent country and partner or dismemberment of such relationship and internationalized industry network development decision variables etc. in order to reduce risk and to increase opportunity of success of overseas investment and operation performance is the important issue that Taiwan companies will have to consider and will encounter during their present internationalization.
From the angle of an individual network, this research will explore the strategy and operation performance of production network for internationalization of Taiwan companies. In addition, an integrated decision model shall be established based on overseas direct investment theory, network theory and technical theory. The purpose is to provide Taiwan companies a direction of contemplation for internationalization layout and cross-state production network development. This research was conducted based on 262 Taiwan companies in the manufacturing industry that had their overseas direct investment in Mainland China, South East Asia and Europe and USA with their own factories and operation.
From this research, it reveals that “investment location characteristics”, “company characteristics”, “production process technology characteristics” and “network connection characteristics” will significantly affect the Taiwan companies in their choice for investment location. At the same time, MDA analysis was adopted to generate two distinctive functions — “investment environment and company internationalization” function and “technical manufacturing process and network relationship” function that can effectively distinguish investment companies of the three districts. In addition, it can be served as a reference for direct district selection decision for individual company who intends to invest in overseas.
In respect of internationalized production network development model, Taiwan companies have four types of internationalized production network development models — “Migration”, “Exploitation”, “Extension” and “Recruit”. In regard to decision structure in investment district characteristics, company characteristics, production process technology characteristics, network structure and network connection characteristics there are significant differences. Through Logistic regression analysis on the effect of decision factor of overseas investment network management of Taiwan companies, it is discovered that whether the production relationship of parent country (Taiwan) can be maintained will depend on the internal factor of enterprise and characteristics of investment district. Amongst them when the corresponding familiarity on investment location is higher, its internationalization experience will be richer and level of product technological module will be higher. When they invest in overseas factory establishment, they would incline towards the termination of production relationship with parent country. In addition, whether the original network partnership relationship can be maintained mainly depends on the external network connection of the enterprise and characteristic of its network structure. When the original network connection and structure is tighter, during development of internalization of production network, these companies will incline towards maintenance of its original partnership relationship. However, the higher the scale of the company, then its corresponding familiarity on investment location will be higher and its internationalized strategy layout motive is stronger. Therefore when they invest in overseas factory establishment, they will incline more towards termination of the cooperation relationship with the original partner. In respect of operation performance, companies that could extend network to develop internationalized production network (extension) is the leader amongst the four types of models and Migration ranks second. Recruit and Exploitation is comparatively weak.
Actual proof information of this research is based on “Taiwan companies internationalized network development location model”, “Taiwan large scale enterprise company internationalized production network development decision model” and “Taiwan small and medium enterprise internationalized production network development decision model” constructed from Linear Structural Relationship Model (LISREL). In respect of decision factor, the network structure of original network structure and connection relationship and characteristics of the company itself have more significant influence during development of internationalized production network by large-scale enterprise. For small and medium enterprise, the influence by production process technology characteristics and original production network connection relationship is larger.

第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究步驟 3
第貳章 文獻探討 5
第一節 海外直接投資相關文獻 5
第二節 網路理論相關文獻 26
第三節 技術知識相關文獻 45
第四節 國際化策略及網路發展 52
第五節 海外市場經營績效指標 56
第六節 本章小節 60
第參章 研究方法 61
第一節 研究架構 61
第二節 實證變數操作性定義及衡量 61
第三節 研究假說 71
第四節 資料分析方法 73
第五節 研究設計 78
第肆章 研究分析與實證結果 79
第一節 樣本廠商基本特性分析 79
第二節 信度與效度檢驗 88
第三節 各構面之主成份分析 90
第四節 國際化生產網路發展決策之區位選擇關鍵因素 92
第五節 國際化生產網路發展決策之網路發展模式關鍵因素 102
第六節 國際化生產網路發展模式對經營績效之影響 115
第伍章 國際化生產網路發展決策模型 119
第一節 總體模型之分析 119
第二節 大型企業與中小企業廠商之國際化生產網路發展決策模型 127
第陸章 結論與管理意涵 134
第一節 研究結論及理論驗證 134
第二節 理論及管理意涵 141
第三節 企業實務及政府政策建議 142
第四節 研究限制 145
第五節 後續研究建議 146
參考文獻 147
附錄 本研究問卷

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