臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

於連續複查(continuous review)的再訂購點模式(reorder point model)中，前置時間內的需求通常以機率模式表示，且持有成本為一固定常數；然而，使用機率模式時需先取得機率分配；機率分配通常需透過完整的歷史資料分析，當資料不完整或無法取得歷史資料時，往往無法求出機率分配的形式；而且，持有成本通常存在許多不確定因素。因此，藉由決策者主觀的經驗判斷，本研究利用模糊函數來表達前置時間內的需求及存貨持有成本，將更實用且符合實際情況。這種表達法之主要優點為決策者在決定前置時間內的需求及持有成本時，不需只給單一值或機率分配。本研究應用模糊理論於連續複查的再訂購點模式中，提出一求解程序，求解前置時間內之需求及持有成本為模糊下之再訂購點及訂購量問題，以提供決策者在制定存貨政策時更多的參考資訊。
關鍵字：連續複查再訂購點模式，再訂購點，訂購量，模糊理論。

In the traditional continuous review reorder point problems, probability theory has been wildly employed to deal with uncertain cases. In most situations, the decision maker is assumed to be aware of the probability distribution of uncertainty while the probability theory is applied, However, in practical applications, this is seldom the case. In the most situations, the uncertainty is estimated within a certain interval without any knowledge of a probability distribution within the interval. This investigation introduces the application of fuzzy sets theory to the continuous review reorder point problems. It is assumed that uncertainties may appear in the demand over lead time and in holding costs where decision-making is characterized by the lack of precise future estimates of the uncertain information. The minimized possible total cost is obtained by the corresponding reorder point and quantity that should be ordered. The computational aspects of the fuzzy models and their interpretations are illustrated by examples.
Keywords: fuzzy set theory, continuous review reorder point problems, reorder point, order quantity

目錄
封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書…………………………………………………………………iii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………v
英文摘要………………………………………………………………vi
誌謝……………………………………………………………………vii
目錄……………………………………………………………………viii
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………x
表目錄…………………………………………………………………xi
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機與目的……………………………………….1
1.2 研究範圍……………………………………………….2
1.3 研究步驟與方法……………………………………….2
1.4 論文章節慨要………………………………………….6
第二章 文獻探討
2.1 需求確定的存貨模式………………………………….7
2.2 需求不確定的存貨模式……………………………….9
2.3 傳統的連續複查再訂購點模式……………………… 9
2.4 模糊理論應用於存貨模式……………………………11
第三章 前置時間內需求為離散模糊數之再訂購點模式
3.1 符號說明………………………………………………18
3.2 前置時間內之需求為模糊……………………………20
3.3 前置時間內之需求及持有成本為模糊………………21
3.4 數值範例………………………………………………24
3.5 結果分析與討論………………………………………30
第四章 前置時間內需求為連續模糊數之再訂購點模式
4.1 符號說明………………………………………………37
4.2 模式假設………………………………………………37
4.3 應用模糊期望值求模糊期望缺貨量…………………39
4.4 應用重心法解模糊求模糊期望缺貨量………………41
4.5 數值範例………………………………………………42
4.6 結果分析與討論………………………………………43
第五章 結論與未來研究方向………………………………………45
參考文獻………………………………………………………………46
附錄……………………………………………………………………49
圖目錄
圖1-1 本研究之流程圖……………………………………………….3
圖1-2 本研究架構圖………………………………………………….5
圖2-1 存貨模式的分類……………………………………………….8
圖2-2 應用模糊理論於存貨模式中的分類………………………...15
圖3-1 求解架構圖…………………………………………………...19
圖3-2 持有成本之隸屬度函數……………………………………...27
圖3-3 持有成本為模糊數時，總成本的隸屬度函數………………27
圖3-4 再訂購點為22，其 之圖形……………………28
圖3-5 經過聯集後的總成本隸屬度函數…………………………...28
圖3-6 再訂購點為22時，訂購量的隸屬度函數………………….33
圖3-7 再訂購點為22，其 之圖形……………………….34
圖3-8 取聯集後的訂購量隸屬度函數……………………………...35
圖4-1 求解架構圖…………………………………………………...36
圖4-2 前置時間內的需求為三角模糊數之圖形…………………...38
表目錄
表2-1 應用模糊理論於存貨管理…………………………………...16
表3-1 每一前置時間內需求所對應的隸屬度……………………...24
表3-2 當再訂購點為21時，獲得之各項結果…………………….25
表3-3 訂購量與其隸屬度…………………………………………...25
表3-4 各再訂購點計算出之結果…………………………………...25
表3-5再訂購點於22時，且持有成本為模糊數所得之結果……..29
表3-6 持有成本為三角模糊數時之結果…………………………...29
表3-7 前置時間需求為模糊下，不同求解程序所得結果之比較….34
表3-8 前置時間需求及持有成本為模糊下，不同求解程序所得結果之比較。………………………………………………………35

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