臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以電纜線為實驗樣品，電纜線最外層由聚氯乙烯被覆，內層為交鏈聚乙烯，做為絕緣之用途，並含有銅線及少量填充物所組成。本實驗採用兩種不同的載氣(氮氣及空氣)，三種不同的加熱速率(2、5、10 K/min)，以等加熱速率方式進行熱裂解(pyrolysis)實驗。
在反應動力學方面，本研究採用熱重量分析法，分別在氮氣及空氣下，以加熱速率2、5、10 K/min，進行電纜線之熱裂解。在氮氣中含銅電纜線之熱裂解為兩階段反應，兩階段的質量消失比約為0.5:0.5，兩階段的反應活化能、反應級數、頻率因子分別為E1 = 24.4 kcal/mol、n1 = 1.3、A1 = 2.9×10 8 1/min、E2 = 44.7 kcal/mol、n2 = 1.1、A2 = 2.1×10 12 1/min。在空氣中含銅電纜線之熱裂解為兩階段反應，兩階段的質量消失比約為0.58:0.42，兩階段的反應活化能、反應級數、頻率因子分別為E1 = 27.1 kcal/mol、n1 = 2.0、A1 = 3.8×10 9 1/min、E2 = 62.9 kcal/mol、n2 = 3.9、A2 = 2.6×10 19 1/min。
在產物分析方面，分別在氮氣及空氣下，以加熱速率5 K/min，進行含銅電纜線之熱裂解，並將熱裂解反應期間之產物收集並分析。含銅電纜線熱裂解主要的氣體產物包含CO、CO2、H2O、HCl、HCs等，在有機化合物方面以低碳數的烷類及烯類所佔的比例最高。固體產物主要為焦碳及銅線，比例約佔45 %。

The waste cable was used as the sample in this study. The waste cable consists mostly of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), copper, and fillers. The pyrolysis experiments were performed in two different carrier gases (nitrogen and air), and at the heating rates of 2, 5, and 10 K/min.
For the analysis of pyrolysis kinetics, the experiments were carried out by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reaction system, in two different carrier gases (nitrogen and air) at the heating rates of 2, 5, and 10 K/min. The pyrolysis of waste cable with copper is two reaction stages, while nitrogen as the carrier gas. The mass loss ratio of the two reaction stages is 0.5:0.5. The reaction energy, reaction order, and frequency factor are E1 = 24.4 kcal/mol, n1 = 1.3, A1 = 2.9×10 8 1/min, E2 = 44.7 kcal/mol, n2 = 1.1, and A2 = 2.1×10 12 1/min, respectively. The pyrolysis of waste cable with copper is also two reaction stages, while air as the carrier gas. The mass loss ratio of the two reaction stages is 0.58:0.42. The reaction energy, reaction order, and frequency factor are E1 = 27.1 kcal/mol, n1 = 2.0, A1 = 3.8×10 9 1/min、E2 = 62.9 kcal/mol, n2 = 3.9, and A2 = 2.6×10 19 1/min, respectively.
For the analysis of pyrolysis products, waste cables were pyrolyzed in the nitrogen and air at the heating rate of 5 K/min. The pyrolysis products were collected and analyzed. The main gaseous products were CO, CO2, H2O, HCl, and hydrocarbons (HCs). The HCs consisted of low molecular mass paraffins and olefins.

封面內頁
簽名頁
博碩士論文授權書 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
誌謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xv
符號說明 xvii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究內容與方法 3
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1 熱裂解法之介紹 9
2.2 電纜線之組成及特性 10
2.3 電纜線熱裂解相關之研究 11
2.4 塑膠熱裂解反應機制 21
2.4.1 塑膠熱裂解反應機制 21
2.4.2 電纜線熱裂解反應模式 23
2.5 反應動力推導 24
第三章 實驗設備與分析方法 30
3.1 實驗設備 30
3.2 樣品 33
3.3 實驗步驟 33
3.3.1 動力學分析 33
3.3.2 熱裂解產物分析 34
3.4 樣品分析方法與分析設備 35
3.4.1 樣品質量百分比組成分析 35
3.4.2 元素分析 36
3.4.3 三成份分析 37
3.4.4 熱值分析 40
3.4.5 反應熱量測 41
3.4.6 固體殘餘物分析 41
3.4.7 金屬純度分析 42
3.5 實驗操作條件 42
3.6 採樣方法 44
3.6.1 氣體產物採樣方法 44
3.6.2 總氣體產物採樣 44
3.6.3 瞬間氣體產物採樣 45
3.7 分析方法與設備 45
3.7.1 離子層析儀 (IC) 46
3.7.2 氣相層析儀-火焰離子偵測器 (GC-FID) 47
3.7.3 氣相層析儀-熱傳導偵測器 (GC-TCD) 49
3.7.4 濕度測定 50
3.8 藥品及標準品 51
3.9 檢量線之製作 51
第四章 實驗結果 57
4.1 樣品成份分析結果 57
4.1.1 質量百分比組成分析結果 57
4.1.2 元素分析結果 57
4.1.3 三成份分析結果 58
4.1.4 熱值分析結果 58
4.1.5 反應熱量測結果 58
4.2 電纜線在氮氣中反應動力模式之建立 59
4.2.1 交鏈聚乙烯(XLPE)在氮氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 60
4.2.2 聚氯乙烯(PVC)在氮氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 60
4.2.3 含銅電纜線在氮氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 60
4.2.4 不含銅電纜線在氮氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 62
4.3 電纜線在空氣中反應動力模式之建立 62
4.3.1 交鏈聚乙烯(XLPE)在空氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 63
4.3.2 聚氯乙烯(PVC)在空氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 63
4.3.3 含銅電纜線在空氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 63
4.3.4 不含銅電纜線在空氣中熱裂解之反應動力學 65
4.4 XLPE、PVC、含銅與不含銅電纜線在氮氣及空氣中熱裂解反應動力模式之比較 66
4.5 電纜線熱裂解產物分析結果 68
4.5.1 氣體產物分析結果 68
4.5.2 固體殘餘物分析結果 69
4.6 金屬純度分析結果 70
第五章 結論與建議 119
5.1 結論 119
5.2 建議 120
參考文獻 122
附錄A 熱裂解實驗系統測試 128
A.1 天平穩定度試驗 128
A.2 溫度梯度量測 128
A.3 加熱速率評估 128
附錄B 水氣含量計算方法 130

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