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研究生:徐小微
研究生(外文):Hsiao-Wei Hsu
論文名稱:鹽水異重流之潛入現象與沿程變化分析
論文名稱(外文):Analysis of Plunging Phenomena and Traveling Variation of Saline Density Currents
指導教授:許少華許少華引用關係
指導教授(外文):SHAO-HUA MARKO HSU
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:逢甲大學
系所名稱:土木及水利工程所
學門:工程學門
學類:土木工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2002
畢業學年度:90
語文別:中文
論文頁數:111
中文關鍵詞:異重流潛入
外文關鍵詞:density currentsplunging
相關次數:
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本文以渠槽進行鹽水異重流潛入與非潛入之實驗。在潛入方面,透過實驗觀察陡坡時之潛入現象,並經由量測初始與穩定狀態之潛入時間、位置與厚度,分析初始與穩定時之參數變化,以了解潛入過程,並由潛入實驗數據與前人數據比較,大致上吻合。而非潛入方面,進行了緩坡與陡坡試驗,除透過實驗量測觀察外,陡坡時並輔以一維數值計算模擬長距離異重流之沿程變化。實驗上量測異重流頭部鼻端之前進速度、穩定時之目視厚度、濃度剖面與速度剖面。發現頭部前進速度於本試驗緩坡渠槽時為先減速後加速,而陡坡則呈現沿程增加之情形。將試驗所量測之濃度剖面利用Buehler and Siegenthaler法積分求得計算平均厚度與計算平均濃度,此計算厚度相較於實驗觀測之目視厚度較具代表性,且當入流濃度愈小或入流單寬流量愈大時,目視與計算厚度相對愈大。在陡坡下之一維數值計算則透過各參數之敏感度分析,求出適用於本試驗渠槽之參數值,進行模擬之結果與文中計算厚度、濃度與速度上,皆在一定的誤差範圍內,可得知一維數值計算可作為模擬長距離異重流之沿程變化。
This is an experiment using a tank to compare density currents plunging and non-plunging. As regards to plunging, throughout the experiment to observe the state of plunging while it on the steep, and also via measuring the time, position, and thickness of original state and steady state to analyze the variables changing between original state and steady state to understand the procedure of plunging. Besides, the parameters are almost matched by comparing parameters from this experiment with the parameters taken from other people before. With respect to non-plunging, mild and steep experiments were done. Except measuring and observing from experiment, while doing steep experiment, using one-dimension numerical calculation to simulate the changing of each step of the long distance different currents. In this experiment, measuring the speed of different currents on the top of nose, the thickness view by eyes while it’s at steady state, concentration profiles and speed profile. The moving speed on the head in this testing mild tank experiment was found that the speed reducing its speed first then accelerate, but the moving speed of steep experiment is adding while it’s moving. Using Buehler and Siegenthaler method to integral the results from measuring the concentration profiles in order to calculate the average thickness and density. These results are more objectives then the thickness observing by eyes, and also when the inflow density is very small or inflow rate per unit width is much bigger, the thickness observed by eyes and calculation will be much bigger. On the steep experiment, the one dimension numerical was calculated by using the sensitive analysis from each parameter to obtain suitable parameters for this experiment tank. The simulation results and the thickness calculation, thickness, and speed are all within the error. Therefore, we can know that we can use one-dimension numerical calculation is able to simulate the step changing of long distance different currents.
目錄
摘要i
Abstractii
符號說明iii
目錄vii
表目錄x
圖目錄xii
第一章、緒論1
1-1、前言1
1-2、文獻回顧2
1-2-1、異重流潛入之文獻回顧2
1-2-2、異重流頭部流場之文獻回顧4
1-2-3、異重流沿程變化之文獻回顧5
1-3、研究動機7
1-4、渾水異重流與鹽水異重流7
1-5、內容範疇8
第二章、異重流基本特性9
2-1、異重流之形成過程9
2-1-1、壅水淤積段9
2-1-2、潛入點9
2-1-3、異重流段10
2-2、異重流的特性10
2-2-1、異重流的力學特性10
2-2-2、鹽水異重流的運動特性12
第三章、試驗設計與試驗方法14
3-1、試驗設備與材料14
3-2、實驗方法與步驟18
3-2-1、實驗流程18
3-2-2、實驗條件19
3-3、鹽水濃度與流量之率定19
3-4、實驗量測方法21
第四章、試驗結果與分析23
4-1、異重流之頭部速度量測23
4-2、異重流潛入試驗24
4-3、異重流平衡目視厚度25
4-4、異重流平衡之濃度剖面26
4-4-1、緩坡下濃度剖面26
4-4-2、陡坡下濃度剖面27
4-5、異重流平衡之速度剖面28
第五章、數據討論及比較30
5-1、潛入現象之水力條件與密差福祿數分析比較30
5-2、異重流平均厚度之計算32
5-3、異重流平均濃度之計算34
5-3-1、無因次化異重流濃度剖面35
5-4、異重流平均速度之計算36
5-5、一維異重流數值模式37
5-5-1、基本方程式37
5-5-2、數值方法38
5-5-3、影響參數之推估39
5-5-3-1、各參數之敏感度分析40
5-5-4、一維數值模擬穩定異重流沿程分析與驗證42
第六章、結論與建議44
6-1、結論44
6-2、建議46
參考文獻47
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