臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究所探討之領域為彈性製造單元排程，採用裴氏圖模式來架構一個階層式之彈性製造單元環境。其實體佈置包括一機器手臂、三種不同類型之機器與一個有限制容量之暫存區；首先考慮彈性製造單元之靜態排程，其演算法結合工件之寬緩、剩餘作業時間與剩餘操作數之比值(Ratio)來建構一指標I值，當裴氏圖之激發路徑有取用資源之衝突，則選擇較小I值作為激發路徑。所求得之排程結果可得最小化之最大延遲，且最大完工時間亦為不錯之解。接著將此演算法的排程結果和其他指派方法比較，本研究之演算法可尋獲近似最佳解且其搜尋步驟也明顯縮短。 。
為了使彈性製造單元所建構的裴氏圖模式具有實體擴充性，本研究進一步利用物件導向裴氏圖來建構此彈性製造單元。並透過模擬工具eM-Plant軟體之輔助來製作一模擬系統，此模擬系統可依不同的設定條件，例如工件數目與機器資源等變動因素，來進行排程及現場模擬。為了進一步因應實際現場中，工件常以不確定之動態（隨機）時間點到達彈性製造單元之工作現場，本研究將到達之工件依演算法所求得排程進入模擬系統中模擬加工；並同時考慮現場機器與機器手臂資源之當機因素。本研究應用所製作之模擬系統執行靜態排程，其模擬結果顯示近似最佳解，在執行動態排程時，亦可提供一套有效且迅速執行之模擬結果。

This research studies scheduling of flexible manufacturing cell (FMC), Petri Net is employed to build a hierarchical environment for a flexible manufacturing cell. The physical layout of FMC includes：one robot、three machines of different kinds、one buffer with restricted capacity. First, we consider static scheduling of FMC, an algorithm is developed to establish-I which considers both slacks、ratio of remain operation time and operation number. When transitional routing of Petri Net commits resource conflict, transitional routine with less I will be chosen. As aresult, minimal tardiness and a small makespan are achieved. Consequently, thesimulation results are compared to the results of those using other dispatching rules. It is show that the algorithm can obtain a near-optimal solution and the searching steps willbe reduced obviously. .
For the Petri Net model of FMC to be expandable, object-oriented Petri Net (OPNets) is applied to model FMC. In addition, a simulation tool-eM-Plant is utilized to simulate our system. This system can deal with different conditions with different numbers of jobs and machines. In some manufacturing environment, jobs arrive FMC in dynamic basis (in random). The algorithm developed in this research is also capable of scheduling this condition and has been applied into our simulation system. Machine breakdown and robot breakdown are also considered in the system. Finally, a static scheduling problem is implemented in our simulation system, the result shows a near-optimal solution can be reached. Additionally, dynamic scheduling problem is also implemented in this system, the results are also impressing.

目 錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄III
圖目錄VI
表目錄IX
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究背景1
1.2 研究動機2
1.3 研究目的3
1.4 研究方法與架構3
第二章 文獻探討5
2.1彈性製造系統5
2.1.1 彈性製造系統定義5
2.1.2 彈性製造系統組成5
2.2 裴氏圖(Petri Net)6
2.2.1 裴氏圖(Petri Net)之理論與應用7
2.2.2 時間裴氏圖（TPN）11
2.2.3 機率裴氏圖（SPN）12
2.2.4 彩色裴氏圖（CPN）12
2.3 物件導向觀念13
2.3.1 物件導向裴氏圖（OPNets）14
2.4 彈性製造單元排程14


第三章 彈性製造單元演算法17
3.1 彈性製造單元硬體環境之建構17
3.2 彈性製造單元之裴氏圖模型20
3.3 彈性製造單元之演算法24
3.3.1 指標衡量之建構24
3.3.2 彈性製造單元之啟發式演算法構建29
第四章 彈性製造單元之演算法驗證33
4.1 Visual Object Net ++ 軟體模擬33
4.2 模擬系統架構與驗證36
4.2.1 eM-Plant軟體之基本概念36
4.2.2 演算法驗證與模擬結果38
第五章 彈性製造單元之物件導向裴氏圖47
5.1 彈性製造單元之電腦物件圖51
5.1.1 機器群組之主電腦物件51
5.1.2 機器手臂之電腦物件55
5.1.3 機器設備之電腦物件57
5.1.4 無人搬運車之電腦物件59
5.2電腦物件間的訊息傳遞61
第六章 彈性製造單元之動態模式下之排程與模擬系統製作63
6.1 彈性製造單元之動態模式63
6.2 彈性製造單元之生產活動控制64
6.3 模擬系統之分析設計66
6.3.1 模擬系統之環境66
6.3.2 排程演算法模組與現場控制模組之分析設計68
6.4 模擬系統製作73
6.4.1 三階段分析73
6.4.2 系統製作74
6.4.3 預作遠端控制介面79
6.5 模擬結果81
第七章 結論與未來研究發展86
7.1 結論86
7.2 未來方向87
參考文獻88
附錄一、實例4-1之基態、激發說明91
附錄二、彈性製造單元實例4-1之激發順序98
附錄三、Visual Object Net++軟體介紹102
附錄四、模擬中所使用之eM-Plant基本物件介紹104
附錄五、網路通訊介面Socket說明106
附錄六、彈性製造單元之物件導向裴氏圖107

參考文獻[1]Browne, J. D. Dubois,K. Rathmill, and K. E. Stecke, “Classification of Flexible manufacturing system,” FMS Magazine ,2,pp.114-117,1984.[2]C. Basnet and J. H. Mize, 1994, “Scheduling and control of flexible Manufacturing system: a critical review”. INT.J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing,vol.7, no.6, pp.340-355. .[3]Choi, B. W., Kuo, W., and Jackman, J. K.,(1994),”Petri net extensions for modelling and validating manufacturing systems,” International Journal of Production Research, 32(8), pp.1819-1835. .[4]C.S. Sung, Y.I. Choung, J.M. Hong, Y.H.Kim,”Minmizing makespan on a single burn-in over with job families and dynamic job arrivals”. Computer &Operation Research, 29 (2002), pp. 955-1007. .[5]David R., and Alla, H.,(1994),” Petri nets for modeling of dynamic systems-a survey”. Automatica, 30(2), pp.175-202. .[6]Groover, M. P.,(1987), Automation, Production Systems, And Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Prentice Hall. .[7]Human, H.-P. and Chang P.-C.,1992, “Specification, modeling, and cont-roller of flexible manufacturing cell”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol.30, No.11 ,pp.2515-2543. . [8]Kai-Ying Chen and Shui-Shong Lu, (June 1996),”integration of Petri-Net and Object-Oriented technology for manufacturing systems control software implementation”, Bulletin of the College of Engineering, N.T.U., No. 67, pp. 109-122. .[9]K.C. Jeong and Y.D. Kim, 1998, “A real-time scheduling mechanism for a flexible manufacturing system: using simulation and dispatching rules”. International Journal of Production Research, vol.36, no.9, pp.2609-2626. [10]Lee, D. Y. and DiCesare, F.(1994)”Scheduling Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using Petri Nets and Heuristic Search,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation,10(2), pp.123-132. .[11]Lee, S. J. and Park, Y. K.,(1993),”OPNets: AN Object-Oridented High-Level Petri Net Model for Real-Time System Modeling” ,Journal of Systems Software, pp.69-86. .[12]Lin, C. M. and Wu, F. C., (1993),” Using Petri nets to solve FMS problems”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,6(3), pp.175-185. .[13]Lin, J. T. and Lee, C. C.,1995,”A CTPN-based Scheduler for a FMC”,中國工程學刊，ch2。 。[14]M. C. Zhou, H. S. Chiu and H. H. Xiong, 1995, “Petri Net Scheduling of FMS Using Branch and Bound Method”, IEEE, pp.211-216. [15]Mu Der Jeng, Reyu Wen Jaw, and Pen Li Hung,(1997),”Scheduling FMS with Due Dates Based on Petri Net State Equations”,IEEE, pp.2724-2729. [16]Mu Der Jeng, Senior Member,IEEE,and Chang Chen(1999),”Heuristic Search Based on Petri Net Structures for FMS Scheduling”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATION,VOL. 35, NO.1, pp.196-202. .[17]MengChu Zhou,Hua-heng Chiu and H. Henry Xiong,(1995),”Petri Net Scheduling of FMS Using Branch and Bound Method”, IEEE, pp.211-216.[18]Raju, K. R. and Chetty, O. V. K.,(1993),”Design and evaluation of automated guided vechicle systems for flexible manufacturing systems: an extended timed Petri net-based approach”, International Journal of Production Research,31(5), pp.1069-1096. .[19]S. C. Chen and M. D. Jeng, 1995, “A Heuristic Approach Based on The State Equations of Petri Net for FMS Scheduling” Proceedings of the 1995 International IEEE/IAS Conference on Industrial Automation and Control, pp.275-281. .[20]S. J. Yim and D. Y. Lee, 1996, “Multiple Objective Scheduling for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using Petri Nets and Heuristic Search”, IEEE pp.2984- 2989. .[21]Sarin S and Lefoka,M, 1993, “Scheduling heuristic for the n-jobs m-machines flow shop”, Omega, Vol.21, No.2, pp.229-234. .[22]Sodhi, M. S., Ronald, G. A. and Wuvrajeet, S., 1994,”A hierarchical model for control of flexible manufacturing systems”, Journal of Operational Research Society, Vol.45, No.10, pp.1185-1196. .[23]Wang, L., 1995,”The development of an object-oriented Petri net cell control model”,to be appeared in International Journal of Automated Manufacturing Technologics. .[24]Wang, L. and Chang, Y. J.,(1993), “The development of an object-oriented Petri net model,” Working paper W06/93, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tunghai University. .[25]王一、盧宜鴻編著，”JAVA SCRIPT 程式發展手冊”，松崗，1996年。[26]吳社邦，”彈性製造系統─批量製造工廠的新突破”，新新季刊，第十卷第一期，七十一年一月。[27]林則孟著，”系統模擬理論與分析”，滄海，2001年7月。[28]周斯畏，”物件導向系統分析與設計-使用UML與C++”，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，91年1月。[29]姜林杰祐、張逸輝、陳家明、黃家祚編譯，’’系統模擬操作與實務’’，華泰， 2001年5月。 。[30]高煥堂，物件導向雜誌第五期，1996年8月-1996年9月。[31]郭乃蓁，2001，晶圓製造廠多廠間訂單抵換機制，交通大學碩士論文。[32]陳平舜，1998，”Application of Neural Networks in Job-Shop Scheduling”，交通大學排程報告。[33]曾建勝，1999，階層分佈式裴氏圖模式的彈性製造系統， 逢甲大學碩士論文。[34]黃瑜珮，1999，提出一啟發式演算法應用於階層分佈式裴氏圖模式的彈性製造系統之排程， 逢甲大學碩士論文。[35]楊正甫，”物件導向分析與設計”，松崗，2000年1月。[36]楊金福著，”企業資源規劃(ERP)-理論與實務”，滄海，90年2月。[37]劉得彥，2001，晶圓製造生產排程與模擬系統之建構-以eM-Plant軟體為例，交通大學碩士論文。[38]鄭世裕，1991，彈性製造系統負荷與排程文題之研究，國立清華大學工業工程研究所碩士論文，。[39]盧淵源，”現在工業工程導論”，pp.199-811。