臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究機構、大學與產業界之密切結合，構成高效率之創新網路，以加速智慧財產之創造、取得、累積與運用，協助產業提升競爭力，是許多國家政府重要之科技政策。我國自1999年開始實施科技基本法以來，已有10所大學設立技術移轉組織，財團法人研究機構亦積極調整組織與策略，以利智慧財產之推廣。本研究之目的即在於分析國內外大學和研究機構之技術移轉單位之組織特性、技術移轉措施及技術移轉的環境面，了解其運作方式與癥結，以供相關單位建立學習標竿之參考。
歐美先進國家之技術移轉中，最值得學習的是美國之專利策略、授權方式之多元化、技術移轉人員之高度專業化，以及協助新創企業成立與發展之環境。目前國內高等教育單位或研究機構中之技術授權組織大多屬於機構內之二級單位，仍須依賴國科會給予補助才得以營運，無法自付營收。且技術與專利未分開計價，純專利授權成果並未顯現。在長期整體策略性發展上，國內研究機構與大學宜加強建立以智慧財產為中心之技術移轉機制，強化專利策略、授權策略之運用，晉用資深及長期培育技術移轉專才。
本研究主要由技術授權中心的角度，藉由文獻探討及實地訪談方式，並藉由個案分析的輔助，瞭解國內現行技術移轉之政策形成、執行控制、技術移轉過程至推廣應用的整個流程，並試以發現技術授權中心運作及推動模式之問題癥結。本研究整理出以下幾點結論：1、在技術移轉過程中，完善的技術授權中心需同時兼具組織、制度與環境的因素考量。2、一般受訪者均肯定政府態度及政策在技術移轉活動中的重要性，但政策應配合國內技術環境，始能達到全面提升產業競爭力的目標。3、政府、產業界及研發單位三者需建立共識，才能讓技術移轉活動成功的創造出商機。

Research institutes, universities and industries are working together to form a highly efficient innovation network is an important concern of many governments’ technology policy in the last decade. The innovation network can speed up the knowledge creation, acquisition, accumulation, and application and enhance the competitiveness of the industries. In Taiwan, there are several universities and research institutes have already established their center of technology licensing (CTL), and implement their strategies in technology transfer and intellectual property. The aim of the study is to analyze the structures, strategies and procedures, environmental impacts, as well as their performances of technology transfer organization of foreign and domestic universities and research institutes. The results can be used as a guideline for the center of technology transfer and licensing in the institutes of higher education.
Technology transfer in universities and research institutes of western countries has a remarkable progress in these years, their patent and licensing strategies, expertise of technology transfer professionals, experience in start-up companies, and the coordination of the outside environment are worth learning. The functioning of technology transfer in institutes of higher education of Taiwan is still on the initial stage. Most of the offices of technology licensing were set up with second level in organization hierarchy. The revenue of the office of technology licensing can not cover the expense. Therefore, these organizations still need financial support from the National Science Council. It is also found that the income from patent licensing performance is little for CTL and the structure of CTL is improper. For the better performance of CTL, it is believed that research institutes and universities may strengthen the intellectual property mechanism, enhance patent and licensing strategies, as well as recruit and cultivate technology transfer professionals.
The study was based on the view of CTL, it was accomplished a number of discussions with managers of CTL, extensive literature research, and couple of case studies. The research contents included the research project initial, implementation and control, technology transfer, and promotion of research results phases. The effects of one phase to each other were also conducted. The results concluded some remarks: (1) Structures, strategies and policies of office of technology licensing, and environmental concerns are key factors in the technology transfer. (2) The attitude and policy of government must cooperate with internal technology environment, then, it has the possibilities to advance the competition of industries. (3) Government, industries, and research institutes must establish the same ideology to make the technology transfer successful.

摘要......................................................................................................................................i
目錄....................................................................................................................iv
圖目錄....................................................................................................................vi
表目錄....................................................................................................................vi

第一章 緒論....................................................................................................................1
第一節 研究背景及動機.............................................................................................1
第二節 研究目的.........................................................................................................3
第三節 研究範圍及限制.............................................................................................4
第四節 研究步驟.........................................................................................................6

第二章 文獻探討...........................................................................................................9
第一節 技術移轉的相關文獻.....................................................................................9
第二節 組織理論相關文獻.......................................................................................14

第三章 歐美先進國家之技術移轉運作...................................................................18
第一節 歐美先進國家技術移轉之現況分析...........................................................18
第二節 歐美先進國家技術移轉的環境...................................................................19
第三節 歐美先進國家技術移轉組織特性...............................................................25
第四節 歐美先進國家技術移轉之策略與績效.......................................................27
第五節 小結...............................................................................................................35

第四章 概念性研究模式建立與研究方法...........................................................37
第一節 概念性研究模式...........................................................................................38
第二節 研究設計.......................................................................................................40

第五章 技術移轉現況探討與分析..........................................................................43
第一節 現行技術移轉流程......................................................................................43
第二節 組織面的現況與分析..................................................................................45
第三節 功能面的現況與分析..................................................................................58
第四節 執行面的現況與分析..................................................................................63
第五節 環境面的現況與分析..................................................................................65

第六章 結論.....................................................................................................................69
參考文獻.........................................................................................................................74

參考文獻方世杰，1999，「產研研發聯盟之廠商特質、技術移轉特性、互動機制與績效之研究」，管理學報，16(4)，頁633-659.王廣仁，1989，「矩陣式組織設計與管理之研究」，政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文，台北。李坤清，2000，「我國資訊軟體科專計劃發展模式之探討」，世新大學學報，第10卷，頁103-121。林怡慧，1998，「國家環境、事業策略、組織結構與組織績效相關性之研究─以中日鋼鐵業比較為例」，成功大學國際企業研究所碩士論文，台南。林華星，1993，「工作特性、組織結構特性對績效考核影響之研究」，中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，高雄。林明杰，1992，「技術能力與技術引進績效相關研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。胡定華，1986，「科技自主發展的關鍵任務：中興以人才為本」，中美技術季刊，31卷3期，頁26-26。陳怡之，1995，「我國廠商技術移轉需求與特性分析」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。科學技術基本法1999通過。 政府科學技術研究成果歸屬及運用辦法，2000，國家科學委員會，台北。陳威名，1992，「專案式矩陣組織經營管理之探討─個案工程時正研究」，中山大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，高雄。何雍慶，1994，「我國電子資訊科技發展績效指標之研究」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。曾建勳，1984，「技術移轉對產業開發之影響─我國機械工業之研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，台北。曾信超、王文賢，1993，「研究機構技術移轉之探討─以工研院為例」，促進產業升級學術研討會論文集，中山大學，高雄，頁21-38。黃家齊，1990，技術引進成效影響因素之研究，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。彭文賢，1996，組織結構的非層級節制論，人文及社會科學集刊，第八卷第二期，頁41-70，中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。國家科學委員會，1997，「中華民國科學技術統計要覽之研究」，國家科學委員會，台北。國家科學委員會，1998，「中華民國科學技術統計要覽之研究」，國家科學委員會，台北。國家科學委員會，1999，「中華民國科學技術統計要覽之研究」，國家科學委員會，台北。國家科學委員會，2000，「中華民國科學技術統計要覽之研究」，國家科學委員會，台北。趙瑀，1995，「政府科技專案技術移轉之關鍵成功因素之研究」，中正大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，嘉義。張森林，1991，「國際技術移轉績效影響因素探討」，台灣大學商學管理研究所碩士論文，台北。劉江彬，1998，美國大學及研究機構專利運用績效表達，工業技術研究院，新竹。劉江彬，1998，「美國大學在產業技術發展中扮演之角色」科技管理學刊第四卷第一期，中華民國科技管理學會。劉彥廷，1995，管理組織行為，台北：台灣西書出版社。劉瑞圖，1994，「科技管理（八─科技企業的技術移轉）」，工業簡訊，第24卷，頁34-45。魏明得，1999，「我國資訊電子策略群組與財務績效關連性研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，台北。Adams J. R. and N. S. Kirchof, 1984, Strategic Market Management, New York, New York, Wiley.Aelita, G. B. and M. G. Martinsons, 1994, “ In Search of Structure Excellence,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 24-28. Allen, J.T. and S. Cooney, 1973, “Institutional Roles in Technology Transfer”, R & D Management, 4, pp. 41-51.Ansfield, E., 1975, “ International Technology Transfer: Forms,” Journal of American Economic Association, 68(2).AUTM, 1996, “ AUTM Licensing Survey” 。Bagur, J., 1987, “Comments Made at Federal Laboratory Consortium Conference on Technology Transfer, ” U.S.A. Department of Commerce.Brooks, H., 1966, Multimethod Research- A Synthesis of Stiles. London: Sage Publications.Calabrese, G., 1997, “ Communication and co-operation in product development: A case study of a European car producer ”, R&D Management, 27, pp. 239-252.Child, J., 1974, “Comments on Reimann and Mansfield’s Bureaucracy”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 19, pp.247-250.Derakhshani, S., 1987, “Negotiating Technology Transfer Agreements,” World Executive’s Degust, 8-5, pp.47-49.Gibson, D. V. et al, 1990, The State of the Field: A Bibliographic View of Technology Transfer, In Frederick Williams, David V. Gibson (Eds), Technology Transfer: A Communication Perspective, SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 277-292.Hameri, Y., and V. Ruttan, 1971, Agricultural Development and International Perspective. Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins. Holstius, K., 1995, “Cultural Adjustment in International Technology,” International Journal of Technology Management, 10(7/8), pp.676-686.Jones, H. D., 1983, “The Commercialization of New Technologies: Transfer From Laboratory to Firm,” Unpublished Master Thesis, MIT Shoran School of Management.Katz, R., Rebentisch, E. S. & Allen, T. J., 1996, “A study of technology transfer in multinational cooperative joint venture”, IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, 43 (1), pp. 97-105.Khanna T., Gulati, R. & Nohira, N., 1998, “The dynamics of learning alliances: Competition, cooperation, and relative scope”, Strategic Management Journal, 19, pp. 102-116.Lassrre, P., 1982 “Raining: Key to Technological Transfer,” Long Range Planning, 15-13:51.Lawernce, P.R. and J.W. Liorsch, 1976, Organization and Environment, Division of Research, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA.Lee, S. and D. Robbertson, 1987, “ Information Technology and Structuring Process,” CISR Working Paper, No.162.Mansfield, E., 1969, Industrial and Technological Innovation, (Lonson: Long Mans & Green)Mansfield, E., 1982, Technology Transfer Productivity and Economic Policy, W. W. Norton and Company.Nelsen, Lita, 2000, “Strategy and Tactics for Technology Licensing”, Taiwan Licensing Seminar, Taiwan. Riggo, R. E., 1990, Introduction to industrial / organizational psychology, Glenview, IL: Scott, Foremen / Little, Brown.Rogers, E. M. and T. W. Valnte, 1991, Technology transfer in high-technology industries, In: Technology Transfer in International Business, T. Agmon and M. A. von Glinow, Eds., Oxford University Press, New York, NY.Rogers E. M., 1972, Key Concepts and Models, in Solo and Rogers (Eds), Inducing Technological Change for Economic Growth and Development, Michigan State University Press, pp.95Robinson, R. D., 1988, The International Transfer of Technology-Theory, Issues, and Practice, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Balling Publishing Company.Samli A. C., 1985, “Technology Transfer: The General Model”, Technology Transfer, pp.1-15.Sarif, M. N., 1988, “Basis for Techno-Economic Policy Analysis,” Science and Publicly, 15(4), pp. 17-229.Stock, G., 1998, “Interaction between Industry and Academia”, Industry and Higher Education, 12(6). DEC. pp. 357-361.Sounder, W. E., 1987, Managing New Product Innovation, Lexington, MA, D. C. Health and Company.Umstot, D. D., 1988, Understanding Organizational Behavior, second edition, New York, West Publishing Company, pp. 20-21, pp. 413-419.http://web.mit.eduhttp://www.uspto.govhttp://www.cogr.edu/http://www.ucop.edu/ott/http://www.autm.net/http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/