臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了解烏梅水萃取液對血壓之影響，以經口灌食的方式給予自發性高血壓老鼠（SHR）烏梅水萃取液，濃度分別為 0.45 g/KgBW、0.9 g/KgBW、1.8 g/KgBW。灌食前先測量血壓一次，灌食後再定時測量血壓之變化。由結果顯示，灌食 0.45 g/KgBW 烏梅水萃取液後對 SHR 之收縮壓（SBP）、舒張壓（DBP）、平均血壓（MBP）並沒有顯著影響。灌食 0.9 g/KgBW 或 1.8 g/KgBW 烏梅水萃取液，大約 30 分鐘後可明顯降低 SHR 之 SBP，此影響持續到管灌後 1 至 1.5 小時。DBP 及 MBP 於管餵 1.8 g/KgBW 烏梅水萃取液 1 小時左右明顯降低，但此影響於 2 小時後消失， 3 小時後又出現。為了解烏梅水萃取液短暫降血壓效果是否與 ACE（Angiotensin converting enzyme）活性有關，於試管中加入 Hippuryl-histidyl-leucine、ACE 及烏梅水萃取液進行試驗，並測定出烏梅水萃取液抑制 ACE 活性 50％（IC50）所需之濃度為 0.0541 mg/ml。另外，薏仁與烏梅水萃取液複方長期之降血壓效果的實驗分為二部分，第一部份是以 40 隻 SHR 雄性成鼠為對象，隨機分成五組，分別在 AIN-93M 飼料中添加 0％ 薏仁（C 組）、20％ 薏仁（P0 組）、20％ 薏仁＋0.5％ 烏梅（P1 組）、20％ 薏仁＋1％ 烏梅（P2 組）、20％ 薏仁＋2％ 烏梅（P3 組）進行 1 個月的短期餵養實驗。飼養的第三天及每週測量血壓一次。結果顯示 P3 組於飼養一個月後之血壓升高量顯著高於其他實驗組及控制組，但其他實驗組與控制組並無顯著差異存在。在血脂方面，各實驗組與控制組間亦無顯著差異。P1 組之游離膽固醇及磷脂質比 P0 組顯著較低。由於高濃度烏梅水萃取液（2％）之餵養使得動物血壓不降反而升高，因此第二部份 3 個月之餵養實驗將 32 隻 SHR 隨機分成四組，分別在 AIN-93M 飼料中添加 0％ 薏仁（C 組）、20％ 薏仁（P0 組）、20％ 薏仁＋0.5％ 烏梅（P1 組）、20％ 薏仁＋1％ 烏梅（P2 組）。每週測量血壓一次。結果顯示各實驗組之血壓、血脂與控制組並無顯著差異。P1 組之肝臟總膽固醇、游離膽固醇顯著低於控制組，三酸甘油酯則顯著低於 P0 組。此結果顯示攝取薏仁與烏梅之複方並不能降低 SHR 大鼠之血壓及血脂，但長期攝取 20％ 薏仁加 0.5％ 烏梅對於降低肝臟脂質有益。

Spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were orally adminitrated 0.45 g/KgBW, 0.9 g/KgBW and 1.8 g/KgBW black plums water extract (BPWE) to measure the blood pressure changes before and after orally adminitrated BPWE. The result revealed that the 0.45 g/KgBW BPWE had no effect on the SBP, DBP or MBP of SHR. However, the SBP had decreased after 30 min orally adminitrated 0.9 g/KgBW or 1.8 g/KgBW BPWE, the effect disappeared after 90 min. No effect had been shown on DBP and MBP by BPWE. To ascertain the decreased blood pressure effect of BPWE was related to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, a in vitro study was conducted to add the BPEW, hippuryl-histidyl-leucine, and ACE to see the influence of BRWE on ACE activity. The IC50 value of BPEW is 0.0541 mg/ml. To understand the long-term effect of adlay and BPEW mixture on blood pressure, forty male SHR were randomly divided into five groups and fed with AIN-93M diet containing 0％ adlay (Control), 20％ adlay (PO), 20％ adlay and 0.5％ BPWE (P1), 20％ adlay and 1％ BPWE (P2), or 20％ adlay and 2％ BPWE (P3) for one month. Blood pressure was checked at day 3 and weekly during the experiment period. The results have shown that the raised BP value of P3 is higher than other groups. There is no significant difference in blood lipid and fecal steroids among groups. But the liver free cholesterol and phospholipid in P1 animals are lower than that in P0. Because the elevated BP value of high concentration BPEW (2％) was significant, the P3 group was deleted in the second part of the study. Thirty two male SHR were randomly divided into four groups and fed with AIN-93M diet containing 0％ adlay (Control), 20％ adlay (PO), 20％ adlay and 0.5％ BPWE (P1), or 20％ adlay and 1％ BPWE (P2). Blood pressure was checked weekly. The results have shown that BP, blood lipid and fecal steroids of each group are not significantly different. But the liver total cholesterol and free cholesterol of P1 are lower than control group, and the liver TG of P1 is lower than P0. This indicated that intake adlay and black plums for a long time couldn’t decrease blood pressure and lipids in SHR, but 20％ adlay and 0.5％ block plums had a better effect of decreasing liver lipids.

中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------ I
英文摘要 ---------------------------------------------------------- III
致謝 ----------------------------------------------------------------- V
目錄 ---------------------------------------------------------------- VI
圖目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------- VIII
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------- IX
第一章 前言 -------------------------------------------------------- 1
第二章 文獻回顧 -------------------------------------------------- 2
一、高血壓 ---------------------------------------------------- 2
二、血管收縮素轉化抑制劑 ---------------------------- 6
三、烏梅 ------------------------------------------------------- 8
（一）對血壓之影響 ------------------------------------- 8
（二）具有抗腫瘤的療效 ------------------------------- 9
四、薏仁 ------------------------------------------------------ 10
（一） 對血壓之影響 ------------------------------------ 11
（二） 對血脂質之影響 --------------------------------- 11
（三） 對血糖之影響 ------------------------------------ 14
（四） 具有抗痙攣、鎮靜、鎮痛的療效 ------------ 14
（五） 具有抗腫瘤的療效 ------------------------------ 15
（六） 具有消炎、抗過敏的療效 --------------------- 15
（七） 促進排卵的作用 --------------------------------- 15
五、抗血壓藥物用之動物─自發性高血壓大鼠 ------ 16
第三章 實驗設計與方法 ---------------------------------------- 17
一、 經口灌食烏梅水萃取液之動物實驗 --------------- 17
二、 烏梅水萃取液對 ACE 抑制力之測定 ------------ 17
（一）烏梅的製備 --------------------------------------- 18
（二）藥品配製 ------------------------------------------ 18
（三）實驗步驟 ------------------------------------------ 18
（四）半抑制濃度（IC50）的測定 ------------------- 19
三、以薏仁及烏梅水萃取液複方長期餵養 SHR 動物
實驗 ------------------------------------------------------ 19
（一）實驗設計 ---------------------------------------- 19
（二）分析項目 ---------------------------------------- 21
1. 測量血壓 ----------------------------------- 21
2. 樣品收集 ----------------------------------- 21
3. 血脂質分析 -------------------------------- 23
4. 肝臟脂質分析 ----------------------------- 25
5. 糞便固醇類分析 -------------------------- 27
四、統計分析 ----------------------------------------------- 28
第四章 結果 ------------------------------------------------------ 29
一、 經口灌食 SHR 烏梅水萃取液實驗 ------------- 29
（一）血壓 ---------------------------------------------- 29
二、烏梅水萃取液對 ACE 抑制能力 ----------------- 29
三、長期餵養 SHR 薏仁與烏梅複方實驗 ------------ 30
（一）體重及飼料效應之比較 ---------------------- 30
（二）血壓 ---------------------------------------------- 30
（三）血清中脂質 ------------------------------------- 31
（四）肝臟中脂質 ------------------------------------- 31
（五）糞便固醇排泄量 ------------------------------- 31
第五章 討論 ------------------------------------------------------ 32
一、 灌食不同濃度之烏梅水萃取液對 SHR 血壓的
影響 ----------------------------------------------------- 32
二、 烏梅水萃取液對 ACE 之抑制能力 -------------- 33
三、 長期餵養不同配方之薏仁與烏梅水萃取液對
SHR 血壓的影響 ------------------------------------- 34
四、 長期餵養不同配方之薏仁與烏梅水萃取液對
SHR 脂質代謝的影響 ------------------------------- 36
第六章 結論 ------------------------------------------------------ 39
第七章 參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------ 40

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