跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.82) 您好!臺灣時間:2025/02/19 00:30
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:賴豐傑
研究生(外文):Feng-Jie Lai
論文名稱:腎上腺心房利鈉胜太及神經性一氧化氮合成每在水分電解質衡定之研究
論文名稱(外文):The Study of Adrenal Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Water-Electrolyte Homeostasis
指導教授:辛錫璋辛錫璋引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shyi-Jang Shin
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:高雄醫學大學
系所名稱:醫學研究所
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:醫學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2002
畢業學年度:90
語文別:中文
論文頁數:145
中文關鍵詞:腎上腺心房利鈉胜神經性一氧化氮合成 每水分電解質
外文關鍵詞:adrenal glandatrial natriuretic peptideneuronal Nitric Oxide SynthaseWater-Electrolyte
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:214
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
心房利鈉胜(Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, ANP)及一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)可刺激產生第二訊息guanosine 3'',5''-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)而影響血流,血液動力學及鹽份排泄等。在腎上腺ANP具有抑制類固醇生合成及兒茶酚胺的分泌;而NO同樣具有抑制類固醇生合成能力,但對兒茶酚胺的釋放仍沒有一明確定論。過去我們實驗室研究發現人類腎上腺嗜鉻細胞瘤細胞具有ANP分泌顆粒,並在原發性皮質醛酮過多症患者之非腫瘤腎上腺組織,發現人類腎上腺髓質可分泌ANP,且其合成量比正常人為高。而神經性一氧化氮合成(neuronal Nitic Oxide Synthase, nNOS)為神經內分泌系統中產生NO的重要酵素,亦可在腎上腺中發現。ANP與NO在功能上雖有許多相似,但ANP是經由ANP接受器活化與細胞膜鍵結的guanylyl cyclase,而NO則是活化水溶性的guanylyl cyclase,其產生第二訊息的活性或量有明顯差異。腎上腺為維持體液衡定一重要器官,而ANP與NO在維持體液衡定上亦扮演重要角色,且均存在腎上腺中,因此,當體液容積變動時,腎上腺內之ANP與nNOS是否也有所變動,值得探討。所以本論文計畫就上述問題,探討以下連續性相關課題:
(1) 重新觀察腎上腺ANP的合成部位及觀察腎上腺皮質內是否含有ANP分泌顆粒。
(2) 為進一步評估腎上腺本身的心房利鈉胜在體液衡定中所扮演的角色,我們探討老鼠給予deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt處理後,腎上腺心房利鈉胜的基因表現。以確定腎上腺ANP之合成是否也像心房一樣受到體容積變化的影響。
(3) 探討在體容積變動下,包括禁水處理造成體容積減少及DOCA-salt處理造成體容積擴張,nNOS的表現情形。同時探討腎上腺荷爾蒙合成過程中重要的蛋白或酵素其 mRNA 的變化,包括Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)、phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)以及Steroidogenic Acute Regular Protein(StAR)等之mRNA 表現。
研究結果顯示:
1. 在正常大白鼠及人類腎上腺,除腎上腺髓質為ANP合成處外,發現腎上腺皮質球狀層亦是ANP合成部位。另外,起源於腎上腺皮質球狀層細胞之原發性皮質醛酮腫瘤,亦具有合成ANP的能力。
2. 原位雜交及免疫組織化學方法顯示:在對照組腎上腺ANP mRNA及胜主要表現在腎上腺球狀層及腎上腺髓質。經過DOCA-salt處理後12小時到整個8天的研究期間,腎上腺的ANP mRNA及胜在腎上腺所有層表現均增加,特別是在腎上腺束狀層/網狀層。利用半定量RT-PCR的技術,腎上腺ANP mRNA表現的相對量,在DOCA-salt處理組從第1天到第8天有明顯較對照組增加。然而,腎上腺的重量經過DOCA-salt處理後從第2天開始到第8天則有明顯低於對照組。
3. 腎上腺nNOS mRNA及蛋白質主要表現在腎上腺髓質,在禁水12小時到4天時明顯上升,同時伴隨TH mRNA及PNMT mRNA 的上升,然而,StAR mRNA並沒有意義的改變。
4. 腎上腺nNOS mRNA及蛋白質在DOCA-salt處理後明顯下降,同樣PNMT mRNA、StAR mRNA亦下降,然而,TH mRNA並沒有意義的改變。
由以上的結果我們可以獲得以下結論:我們的結果為首度顯示腎上腺的心房利鈉胜不僅存在於腎上腺髓質,同時亦存在於腎上腺皮質,而且它們的表現在DOCA-salt處理後有明顯的上升。這樣的結果暗示,腎上腺的心房利鈉胜可能經由自體分泌或旁分泌的方式參與腎上腺功能的調節進而影響水分及電解質的衡定。禁水時腎上腺nNOS基因表現增加,而當體液擴張時,腎上腺nNOS表現下降,特別是在腎上腺髓質,因此, nNOS表現與體液變動有著密切關係。腎上腺ANP與nNOS 表現在DOCA-salt處理時有明顯差異,雖然從本實驗的結果並無法證明其真正的機轉,但我們認為ANP在腎上腺皮質表現增加可能與抑制類固醇生合成有關,而nNOS為維持腎上腺血流衡定,當體液變動時,腎上腺nNOS表現亦隨之變動,以調節一氧化氮的產生,來衡定腎上腺的血流。
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide not only with potent diuretic, natriuretic and vasorelaxant effects but also with potent aldosterone and other steroid hormone inhibitory activities. In the past few years, we demonstrated that immunoreactive ANP substance was present in the secretory granule of human adrenal pheochromocytoma cells. We also found that ANP was synthesized in the human adrenal medulla, and such medullary ANP synthesis increased in the patients with hypermineralocorticoidism. However, no evidence exists that adrenal medullary ANP affects the zona glomerulosa synthesis of aldosterone. The three subtypes of ANP receptors have been found in both adrenal cortical and medullary cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that ANP can be synthesized in the adrenal cortex in addition to the adrenal medulla, and adrenal ANP expression can be regulated in response to volume overloading. In additon, the expression of adrenal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and changes in mRNA of key proteins or enzymes of adrenal hormone synthesis under volume change are still unclear. Based on the above mentioned background, we performed several continuous studies with the aims to investigate the following questions.
(1) To re-evaluate the sites of ANP synthesis and to explore whether the ANP secretory granules are exist in the zona glomerulosa.
(2) To further evaluate the role of adrenal ANP in body fluid homeostasis, we investigated the changes in adrenal ANP in rats receiving DOCA-salt treatment.
(3) To investigate whether adrenal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression and mRNA of key proteins or enzymes of adrenal hormone synthesis are responsive to alterations in body volume, including water deprivation-induced volume deficiency and DOCA-salt treatment-induced volume expansion.
The results in this study reveal:
1. In adrenal glands both in normal rats and human, we found that not only adrenal medulla but also adrenal zona glomerulosa are the sites of ANP synthesis. ANP secretory granules are found in the zona granulosa cells. Aldosterone-producing adenoma, originally from zona glomerulosa, is also a site of ANP synthesis.
2. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies showed that adrenal ANP mRNA and ANP-like immunoreactivities were mainly localized in the zona glomerulosa and medulla of vehicle-treated rats. DOCA-salt treatment activated ANP mRNA and peptide expression in all adrenal zones, especially in the zona fasciculate/reticularis from 12 hours to the entire 8-days study period. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR technique, the relative quantities of ANP mRNA in the adrenals of the DOCA-salt-treated group were significantly increased from 1 to 8 days, whereas the adrenal weights of DOCA-salt-treated rats were significantly decreased from day 2 to day 8.
3. Using a semi-quantitative multiple RT-PCR technique, the relative quantities of nNOS mRNA as well as the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA in the adrenals of the water-deprived group significantly increased from 12 h to 4 days, whereas the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA showed no significant change during the same study period. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies showed that water deprivation activated adrenal nNOS mRNA and protein expression in the medulla. Four days after water deprivation, nNOS protein expression, determined by Western blot, increased significantly in the adrenal gland.
4. The relative quantities of nNOS mRNA as well as the PNMT mRNA and StAR mRNA in the adrenals of the DOCA-salt-treated group significantly decreased, whereas the steroid acute regulatory protein TH mRNA showed no significant change during the same study period. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies showed that DOCA-salt treatment inactivated adrenal nNOS mRNA and protein expression in the medulla. Eight days after DOCA-salt treatment, nNOS protein expression determined by Western blot decreased significantly in the adrenal gland.
In conclusion, our results are the first to indicate that ANP is synthesized not only in the adrenal medulla but also in the adrenal cortex, and their syntheses are markedly increased in DOCA-salt-treated rats. These results imply that adrenal ANP may participate in the intraadrenal regulation of adrenal function on water-electrolyte homeostasis in an autocrine or paracrine manner. The augmentation in nNOS gene expression in the adrenal glands of water deprived rats and the decrement after DOCA-salt treatment, particularly in the adrenal medulla, may participate in the adrenal regulatory pathways. It is reasonable to propose that NO derived from the adrenal nNOS may locally preserve adrenal blood flow through counteracting the circulating vasoconstrictive substance effect to help the autoregulation of the adrenal gland.
目  錄
致謝 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
英文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
第一章 緒論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
第二章 腎上腺皮質球狀層細胞亦能合成心房利鈉 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14
前言 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 15
材料和方法-------------------------------------------------------- 18
結果 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 28
討論 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 31
圖表 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 35
第三章 Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt處理後大白鼠腎上腺
皮質及髓質之心房利鈉及其基因表現增加--------------- 47
前言 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48
材料和方法 -------------------------------------------------------- 50
結果 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 57
討論 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 60
圖表 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 64
第四章 禁水處理後腎上腺神經性一氧化氮合成之傳訊者
核醣核酸及蛋白質表現增加---------------------------------------- 73
前言 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 74
材料和方法 ------------------------------------------------------- 77
結果 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 81
討論 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 84
圖表 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 87
第五章 Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt處理後大白鼠
腎上腺神經性一氧化氮合成表現減少 ------------------------ 97
前言 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 98
材料和方法 --------------------------------------------------------100
結果 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 103
討論 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 107
圖表 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 110
第六章 總結論與未來研究方向 ----------------------------------- 118
參考文獻 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123
附錄I 英文名稱縮寫及全名 -------------------------------------------------- 139
附錄II 發表相關論文之摘要 -------------------------------------------------- 140
Aburaya M, Minamino N, Hino J, Kangawa K, Matsuo H 1989 Distribution and molecular forms of brain natriuretic peptide in the central nervous system, heart and peripheral tissue of rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 165:880-887
Afework M, Tomlinson A, Burnstock G 1994 Distribution and colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase in adrenal gland of developing, adult and aging Sprague-Dawley rats. Cell Tissue Res 276:133-141
Antunes-Rodrigues J, Machado BH, Andrade HA 1992 Carotid-aortic and renal baroreceptors mediate the atrial natriuretic peptide release induced by blood volume expansion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6826-6831
Appel RG 1992 Growth-regulatory properties of atrial natriuretic factor. Am J Physiol 262:F911-F918
Asai J, NaKazato M, Toshimori H, Matsukura S, Kangawa K, Matsuo H 1987 Presence of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the pulmonary vein and vena cava. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 146:1465-1470
Atarashi K, Mulrow PJ, Franco-Saenz R, Snajdar R, Rapp J 1984 Inhibition of aldosterone production by an atrial extracts. Science 224: 992-994
Barrett PQ, Bollag WB, Isales CM, McCarthy RT, Rasmussen H 1989 Role of calcium in angiotensin II mediated aldosterone secretion. Endocr Rev 10:496-518
Blaine EH 1990 Atrial natriuretic factor plays a significant role in body fluid homeostasis. Hypertension 15:2-8
Blair ML, Woolf PD, Felten SY 1997 Sympathetic activation cannot fully account for increased plasma rennin levels during water deprivation. Am J Physiol 272:R1197-R1203
Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M 1992 Ultrastructural evidence for a paracrine regulation of the rat adrenal cortex mediated by the local release of catecholamines from chromaffin cells. Endocrinology 131:3126-3128
Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Scherbaum WA, Pfeiffer EF, HoIst JJ 1990 Effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation on the adrenal cortex may be mediated by chromaffin cells in a paracrine manner. Endocrinology 127:900-906
Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Usadel H, Bockmann M, Scherbaum WA 1991 Morphological evidence for a close interaction of chromaffin cells with cortical cells within the adrenal gland. Cell Tissue Res 265:1-9
Bornstein SR, Gonzalez-Hernandez JA, Ehrhart- Bornstein M, Adler G, and Scherbaum WA 1994 Intimate contact of chromaffin and cortical cells within the human adrenal gland forms the cellular basis for important intraadrenal interactions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:225-232
Bredt DS, Snyder SH 1992 Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger. Neuron 8:3-11
Brenner BM, Ballermann BJ, Gunning ME, Zeidel ML. 1990 Diverse biological actions of atrial natriuretic peptide. Physiol Rev 70:665-699
Breslow MJ, Tobin JR, Bredt DS, Ferris CD, Snyder SH and Traystman RJ 1993 Nitric oxide as a regulator of adrenal blood flow. Am J Physiol 264:H464-469
Breslow MJ, Tobin JR, Bredt DS, Ferris CD, Snyder SH, Traystman RJ 1992 Role of nitric oxide in adrenal medullary vasodilation during catecholamine secretion. Eur J Pharmacol 210:105-106
Brooks VL, Huhtala TA, Silliman TL, Engeland WC1997 Water deprivation and rat adrenal mRNAs for tyrosine hydroxylase and the norepinephrine transporter. Am J Physiol 272:R1897-R1903
Cameron LA, Hinson JP 1993 The role of nitric oxide derived from L-arginine in the control of steroidogenesis, and perfusion medium flow rate in the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. J Endocrinol 139:415-423
Chen YH, Hisa H, Radle KJm Izzo JL, Sladek JCD, Blair ML 1988 Adrenergic control of rennin in euhydrated and water-deprived conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 255:E793-E800
Chen YM, Wu KD, Hung KY, Pu YS, Hsieh BS 1995 Quantitative analysis of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding natriuretic peptide receptors in aldosterone-producing adenoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 111:139-46
Chien CH, Tsai JH, Lee YH 1990 Atrial natriuretic polypeptide in human adrenal pheochromocytoma: immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopical localization. Endocrinol Japn 37:121-130
Christensen G 1993 Cardiovascular and renal effects of atrial natriuretic factor. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 53:203-209
Clark BJ, Soo SC, Caron KM, Ikeda Y, Parker KL, Stocco DM 1995 Hormonal and developmental regulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Mol Endocrinol 9:1346-1355
Cracco CM, Bertorello N, Filogamo G, Riederer BM, Vercelli AE 1996 NADPH-diaphorase-positive ganglion cells of the rat adrenalgland: age- and sex related changes in their number, size and distribution. J Comp Neurol 366: 181-196
Cymeryng CB, Dada LA, Colonna C, Mendez CF, Podesta EJ 1999 Effects of L-arginine in rat adrenal cells: involvement of nitric oxide synthase. Endocrinology 140:2962-2967
Cymeryng CB, Dada LA, Podesta EJ 1998 Effect of nitric oxide on rat adrenal zona fasciculate steroidogenesis. J Endocrinol 158:197-203
Dagnino L, Drouin J, Nemer M 1991 Differential expression of natriuretic peptide genes in cardiac and extracardiac tissues. Mol Endocrinol 5:1292-1300
de Bold AJ 1979 Heart atria granularity effects of changes in water-electrolyte balance. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 161:508-511
De Lean A, Racz K, Gutkowska J, Nguyen TT, Cantin M, Genest J 1984 Specific receptor-mediated inhibition by synthetic atrial natriuretic factor of hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in cultured bovine adrenal cells. Endocrinology 115:1636-1638
Ding J, Thibault G, Gutkowska J, Garcia R, Karabatsos T, Jasmin G, Genet J, Cantin M 1987 Cardiac and plasma atrial natriuretic factor in experimental congestive heart failure. Endocrinology 21:248-257
Dipaola ED, Vidal MN, Nistico G 1991 L-glutamate evokes the release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor-like substance from rat nucleus tractus solitarius. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17:5269-5272.
Drewett J, Marchand G, Ziegler R, Trachte G 1988 Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits norepinephrine release in an adrenergic cell line. European J Pharmacology 150:175-179
Dun NJ, Dun SL, Wu SY, Forstermann U 1993 nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat superior cervical ganglia and adrenal glands. Neurosci Lett 158:51-54
Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Hinson JP, Bornstein SR, Scherbaum WA, Vinson GP 1998 Intraadrenal interactions in the regulation of adrenocortical steroidogenesis. Endocr Rev 19:101-143
Eitle E, Hiranyachattada S, Wang H, Harris PJ 1998 Inhibition of proximal tubular fluid absorption by nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide in rat kidney. Am J Physiol 274:C1075-C1080
Elijovich F, Zhao HW, Laffer CL, Du Y, DiPette DJ, Inagami T, Wang DH 1997 Regulation of growth of the adrenal gland in DOC-salt hypertension. Role of angiotensin II receptor subtypes. Hypertension 29:408-413
Elliott ME, Goodfriend TL 1986 Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis by atrial natriuretic factor. Fed Proc 45:2376-2381
Engeland WC, Levay-Young BK, Rogers LM, Fitzgerald D 1997 Differential gene expression of cytochrome P450 11beta-hydroxylase in rat adrenal cortex after in vivo activation. Endocrinology 138:2338-2346
Espiner EA 1994 Physiology of natriuretic peptides. J Intern Med 235:527-541
Fejes-Toth G, Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Ratge D 1985 Evidence against role of antidiuretic hormone in support of blood pressure and rennin secretion in bilaterally renal denervated sheep. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:782-787
Furchgott RF, Vanhoutte PM 1989 Endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. FASEB J 3:2007-2018.
Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV 1980 The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288:373-376
Gallo-Payet N, Pothier P, Isler H 1987 on the presenceof chromaffin cells in the adrenal cortex: their possible role in a adrenoclrtical function. Biochem Cell Biol 65:588-592
Gardiner SM, Bennett T 1985 Interactions between neural mechanisms, the renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin in the maintenance of blood pressure during water deprivation: studies in Long Evans and Brattleboro rats. Clin Sci 68:647-657
Gardner DG, Deschepper CF, Baxter JD 1987 The gene for the atrial natriuretic factor is expressed in the aortic arch. Hypertension 9:103-106
Gary R,Login,Ku TC,Dvorak AM 1995 Rapid primary microwave-aldehyde and microwave-Osmiun fixation: Improved detectionof rat parotid acinar cell secretory granule a-amylase using apost-embedding immunogold ultrastructural.J Histochem Cytochem 43:515-523
Goetz KL 1990 Evidence that atriopeptin is not a physiological regulator of sodium excretion. Hypertension 15:9-19
Goodfriend TL, Elliott ME, Atlas SA 1984 Actions of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor on bovine adrenal glomerulosa. Life Sci 35:1675-1682
Grandclement B, Ronsin B, Morel G 1997 The three subtypes of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors are expressed in the rat adrenal gland. Biol Cell 89:29-41
Griffith TM, Edwards DH, Davies RL, Harrison TJ, Evans KT 1987 EDRF coordinates the behaviour of vascular resistance vessels. Nature 329:442-445.
Gutkowska J, Nemer M 1989 Structure, expression, and function of atrial natriuretic factor in extraatrial tissues. Endocr Rev 10:519-536
Hanke CJ, Drewett JG, Myers CR, Campbell WB 1998 Nitric oxide inhibits aldosterone synthesis by a guanylyl cyclase-independent effect. Endocrinology 139:4053-4060
Heisler S, Tallerico-Melnyk T, Yip C, Schimmer BP 1989 Y-1 adrenocortical tumor cells contain atrial natriuretic peptide receptors which regulate cyclic nucleotide metabolism and steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 125:2235-2243
Higuchi K, Nawata H, Kato K, Ibayashi H, Matsuo H 1986 Alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide inhibits steroidogenesis in cultured human adrenal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62:941-944
Hinson JP 1990 Paracrine control of adrenocortical function:a new role for the medulla? J Endocrinol 124:7-9
Hoefler H, Childers H, Montminy MR, Lechan RM, Goodman RH, Wolfe HJ 1986 In situ hybridization methods for the detection of somatostatin mRNA in tissue sections using antisense RNA probes. Histochem J 18:597-604
Ignarro LJ, Byrns RE, Buga GM, Wood KS 1987 Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ Res 61:866-879
Imai T, Hirata Y, Eguchi S, Kann K, Ohta K, Emori T, Sakamoto A, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T, Marumo F 1992 Concomitant expression of receptor subtype and isopeptide of endothelin by human adrenal gland. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 182:1115-1121
Inagaki S, Kubota Y, Kito S, Kangawa K, Matsuo H 1986 Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic polypeptides in the adrenal madulla and sympathetic ganlia. Regul Pept 15:249-260
Isales CM, Bollag WE, Kiernan LC, Barrett PQ 1989 Effect of ANP on sustained aldosterone secretion stimulated by angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 256:C89-C95
Iwai N, Hanai K, Tooyama I, Kitamura Y, Kinoshita M 1995 Regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in rat adrenal medulla. Hyertension 25:431-436
Kapas S, Martinez A, Cuttitta F, Hinson JP 1998 Local production and action of adrenomedullin in the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa. J Endocrinology 156:477-484
Kato J, Kida O, Nakamura S, Sasaki A, Takiguchi K, Tanaka K 1986 Dissociation between plasma and atrial content of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) following sodium load in rats. Life Sci 39:2623-2627
Kibourn RG, Gross SS, Jubran A, Adams J, Griffith OW, Levi R, Lodato RF 1990 NG-methyl-arginine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced hypotension: implication for the involvement of nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 3629-3632
Kishimoto J, Tsuchiya T, Emson PC, Nakayama Y 1996 Immobilization-induced stress activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA and protein in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats. Brain Res 720:159-171
Kiss A, Jezova K, Aguilera G 1994 Activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system during food and water deprivation in the rats. Brain Res 663:84-92
Kocsis JF, McIlroy PJ, Carsia RV 1995 Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates aldosterone production by turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) adrenal steroidogenic cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 99:364-372
Koller KJ, Goeddel DV 1992 Molecular biology of the natriuretic peptides and their receptors. Circulation 86:1081-1088
Kone BC 1997 Nitric oxide in renal health and disease. Am J Kidney Dis 30:311-333
Krukoff TL, Gehlen F, Ganten D 1995 Gene expresseion of brain nitric oxide synthase and soluble quanylate cyclase in hypothalamus and medulla of two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. Hypertension 26: 171-176
Kudo T, Baird A 1984 Inhibition of aldosterone production in the adrenal glomerulosa by atrial natriuretic factors. Nature 312:756-757
Kumai T, Asoh K, Tateishi T, Tanaka M, Watanabe M, Kobayashi S 1999 Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats. Nitric oxide 3:321-326
Lai FJ, Shin SJ, Lee YJ, Lin SR, Jou WY, Tsai JH 2000 Up-regulation of adrenal cortical and medullary atrial natriuretic peptide and gene expression in rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment. Endocrinology 141:325-332
Lan HY, Mu W,NG YY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Atkins RC 1996 A simple, reliable, and sensitive method for nonradioactive in situ hybridization: use of microwave heating to improve hybridization efficiency and preserve tissue morphology. J Histochem Cytochem 44:281-287
Lattion AL, Aubert JF, Fluckiger JP, Nussberger J, Waerer B, Brunner HR 1988 Effect of sodium intake on gene expression and plasma levels of ANF in rats. Am J Physiol 255:H245-H239
Lee YJ, Lin SR, Shin SJ, Lai YH, Lin YT, Tsai JH 1994 Brain natriuretic peptide is synthesized in the human adrenal medulla and its mRNA expression, along with atrial natriuretic polypeptide, is enhanced in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1476-1482
Lee YJ, Lin SR, Shin SJ, Tsai JH 1993 Increased adrenal medullary atrial natriuretic polypeptide synthesis in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:1357-1362
Lee YJ, Shin SJ, Tan MS, Hsieh TJ, Tsai JH 1996 Increased renal atrial natriuretic peptide synthesis in rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment. Am J Physiol 271:F779-F789
Lihrmann I, Netchitailo P, Feuilloley M, Cantin M, Delarue C, Leboulenger F, De Lean A, Vaudry H 1988 Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on corticosteroid production by perifused frog interrenal slices. Gen Comp Endocrinol 71:55-62
Luft FC, Sterzel RB, Lang RE, Trabold EM, Veelkin R, Ruskoaho H, Gao Y, Ganten D, Unger T 1986 Atrial natriuretic factor determinations and chronic sodium homeostasis. Kidney Int 29:1004-1010
Majid DSA, Williams a, Navar LG 1993 Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis attenuates pressure-induced natriuretic responses in anesthetized dogs. Am J Physiol 264:F79-F87
Marletta MA 1989 Nitric oxide: biosynthesis and biological significance. Trends Biochem Sci 14:488-492
McKenzie JC,Tanaka I, Misona KS, Inagami T 1985 Immunocytochemical localization of atrial natriuretic factor in the kidney, adrenal medulla, pituitary, and atrium of rat. J Histochem Cytochem 33:828-832
Metzler GH, Thrasher TN, Keil LC, Ramsay DJ 1986 Endocrine mechanisms regulating sodium excretion during water deprivation in dogs. Am J Physiol 251:R560-R568
Miyata A, Kangawa K, Toshimori T, Hatoh T, Matsuo H 1985 Molecular form of atrial natriuretic polypeptides in mammalian tissues and plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 129:248-255
Moncada S, Higgs EA 1995 Molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies related to nitric oxide. FASEB J 9:1319-1330
Morel G, Chabot J-G, Garcia-Caballero T, Gossard F, Dihl F, Belles-Isles M, Heisler S 1988 Synthesis, internalization, and location of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat adrenal medulla. Endocrinology 123:149-158
Moro MA, Michelena P, Sanchez-Garcia P, Palmer R, Moncada S and Garcia AG 1993 Activation of adrenal medullary L-arginine: nitric oxide pathway by stimuli which induce the release of catecholamines. Eur J Pharmacol 246:213-218
Morton JJ, Kenyon CJ, Beattie EC 1990 Hormone and electrolyte changes in post-deoxycorticosterone salt hypertension in rats. J Hypertens 8:1021-1026
Mukoyama M, Nakao K, Sugawa H, Morii N, Sugawara A, Yamada T, Itoh H, Shiono S, Saito Y, Arai H 1988 A monoclonal antibody to alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. Hypertension 12:117-121
Murad F 1998 Nitric oxide signaling: would you believe that a simple free radical could be a second messenger, autacoid, paracrine substance, neurotransmitter, and hormone? Recent Prog Horm Res 53:43-59
Nakamaru M, Ogihara T, Saito H, Rakugi H, Hashizume K, Yamatodani A, Wada H, Kumahara Y 1989 Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on catecholamine release from human pheochromocytoma. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 120:107-112
Natarajan R, Lanting L, Bai W, Bravo EL, Nadler J 1997 The role of nitric oxide in the regulation of aldosterone synthesis by adrenal glomerulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 61:47-53
Nawata H, Ohashi M, Haji M, Takayanagi R, Higuchi K, Fujio N, Hashiguchi T, Ogo A, Nakao R, Ohnaka K, Nishi Y 1991 Atrial and brain natriuretic peptide in adrenal steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 40:367-379
Nemer M, Lavigne JP, Drouin J, Thibault G, Gannon M, Antakly T 1986 Expression of atrial natriuretic factor gene in heart ventricular tissue. Peptides 7:1147-1152
Nemer M, Antakly T, Argentin S, Lavigne JP, Drouin J 1988 Cloning and expression of the atrial natriuretic factor gene. Clin Physiol Biochem 6:163-170
Nguyen TT, Lazure C, Babinski K, Chretien M, Ong H, De Lean A 1989 Aldosterone secretion inhibitory factor: a novel neuropeptide in bovine chromaffin cells. Endocrinology 124:1591-1593
Nguyen TT, Ong H, De Lean A 1988 Secretion and biosynthesis of atrial natriuretic factor by cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett 25;231:393-396
Okuya S, Yamashita H 1987 Effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide on rat hypothalamic neurons in vitro. J Physiol (Lond) 389:717-728
Ong H, Lazure C, Nguyen T-T, McNicoll N, Seidah N, Chretien M, De Lean A 1987 Bovine adrenal chromaffin granules are a site of synthesis of atrial natriuretic factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 147:957-963
Ong H, McNicoll N, Lazure C, Seidah NG, Chretien M, Cantin M, De Lean A 1986 Purification and sequence determination of bovine atrial natriuretic factor. Life Sci 38:1309-1315
Oset-Gasque MJ, Parramon M, Hortelano S, Bosca, L, Gonzalez MP 1994 Nitric oxide implication in the control of neurosecretion by chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 63:1693-1700
Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S 1987 Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327:524-526
Pham I, Sediame S, Maistre G, Roudot-Thoraval F, Chabrier PE, Carayon A, Adnot S 1997 Renal and vascular effects of C-type and atrial natriuretic peptides in humans. Am J Physiol 273:R1457-R1464
Racz K, Kuchel O, Cantin M, De Lean A 1985 Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits the early pathway of steroid biosynthesis in bovine adrenal cortex. FEBS Lett 192:19-22
Rees DD, Palmer RMJ, Moncada S 1989 Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:3375-3378
Rebuffat P, Mazzocchi G, Gottardo G, Meneghelli V, Nussdorfer GG 1988 Further investigations on the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-induced inhibition of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa in vivo. J Steroid Biochem 29:605-609
Ruskoaho H 1992 Atrial natriuretic peptide: synthesis, release, and metabolism. Pharm Rev. 44:479-602
Schiebinger RJ, Pratt HP, Kem DC 1988 The adrenal capsule alters the response of zona glomerulosa cells to atrial natriuretic peptide. Endocrinology 123:492-497
Shin SJ, Lai FJ, Wen JD, Hsiao PJ, Hsieh MC, Tzeng TF, Chen JC, Guh JY, Tsai JH 2000 Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in outer medulla of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney. Diabetologia 43:649-659
Shin SJ, Lai FJ, Wen JD, Lin SR, Hsieh MC, Hsiao PJ, Tsai JH 1999 Increased nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the renal medulla of water-deprived rats. Kidney Int 56:2191-2202
Shin SJ, Lee YJ, Tan MS, Hsieh TJ, Tsai JH 1997 Increased atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA expression in the kidney of diabetic rats. Kidney Int 51:1100-1105
Shin SJ, Wen JD, Chen I H, Lai FJ, Hsieh MC, Hsieh TJ, Tan MS, Tsai JH. 1998 Increased renal ANP synthesis, but decreased or unchanged cardiac ANP synthesis in water-deprived and salt-restricted rats. Kidney Int 54:1617-1625
Shin SJ, Wen JD, Lee YJ, Chen IH, Tsai JH 1998 Increased C-type natriuretic peptide mRNA expression in the kidney of diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 158:35-42
Siegel RE, Young WS 3d 1985 Detection of preprocholecystokinin and preproenkephalin A mRNAs in rat brain by hybridization histochemistry using complementary RNA probes. Neuropeptides 6:573-580
Sugawara T, Lin D, Holt JA, Martin KO, Javitt NB, Miller WL, Strauss JF 3rd 1995 Structure of the human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene: StAR stimulates mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase activity. Biochemistry 34:12506-12512
Sugimoto T, Ishii M, Hirata Y, Matsuoka H, Sugimoto T, Miyata A, Toshimori T, Masuda H, Kangawa K, Matsuo H 1986 Increased release of atrial natriuretic polypeptides in rats with DOCA-salt hypertension. Life Sci 38:1351-1358
Takao T, Hashimato K, Ota Z 1988 Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on acetylcholine-induced release of corticotropin-releasing factor from rat hypothalamus in vitro. Life Sci 42:1199-1203
Thatikunta P, Chakder S, Rattan S 1993 Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor inhibits catecholamines release caused by hypogastric sympathetic nerve stimulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267:1363-1368
Thimermann C, Vane J. 1990 Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis reduces the hypotension induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides in the rat in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 182: 591-595.
Thornton RM, Proppe DW 1988 Influence of dehydration on locally mediated hindlimb vasodilation in baboons. Am J Physiol 255:H266-H271
Togashi H, Sakuma I, Yoshioka M, Kobayashi T, Yasuda T, Kitabatake A, Saito H, Gross SS, Levi R 1992 A central nervous system action of nitric oxide in blood pressure regulation. J Phamacol Exp Ther 262:343-347.
Torres M, Ceballos G, Rubio R 1994 Possible role of nitric oxide in catecholamine secretion by chromaffin cells in the presence and absence of cultured endothelial cells. J Neurochem 63:988-996
Trapani AJ, Undesser KP, Keeton TK, Bishop VS 1988 Neurohumoral interactions in conscious dehydrated rabbit. Am J Physiol 254:R338-R347
Tsuchiya T, Kishimoto J, Nakayama Y 1996 Marked increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) mRNA and NADPH-diaphorase histostaining in adrenal cortex after immoilization stress in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 21:287-293
Uchiyama Y, Morita K, Kitayama S, Suemistsu T, Minami N, Miyasako T, Dohi T 1994 Possible involvement of nitric oxide in acetylcholine-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and catecholamine release in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Jpn J Pharmacol 65:73-77
Vesely DL, Arnold WC, Winters CJ, Sallman AL, Rico DM 1990 Increased circulating concentration of the N-terminus of the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone in persons with pheochromocytomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1138-1146
Vesely DL, Palmer PA, Giordano AT 1992 Atrial natriuretic factor prohormone peptides are present in a variety of tissues. Peptides 13:165-70
Vinson GP, Pudney JA, Whitehouse BJ 1985 The mammalian adrenal circulation and the relationship between adrenal blood flow and steroidogenesis. J Endocrinol 105:285-294
Vollmar AM, Friedrich A, Sinowatz F, Schulz R 1988 Presence of atrial natriuretic peptide-like material in guinea pig intestine. Peptides 9:965-971
Watanabe M, Honda M, Soma M, Minato M, Fukuda N, Watanabe Y, Izumi Y, Hatano M 1990 Preventive effect of angiotensin I on weight reduction in the adrenal glands of DOCA/salt hypertensive rats. Endocrinol Jpn 37:521-528
Wong H, Anderson WD, Cheng T, Riabowol KT 1994 Monitoring mRNA expression by polymerase chain reaction: the "primer-dropping" method. Anal Biochem 223:251-258
Wurtman RJ, Axelrod J 1966 Control of enzymatic synthesis of adrenaline in the adrenal medulla by the adrenal cortical steroids. J Biol Chem 241: 2301-2305
Yared A, Kon V, Ichikawa I 1985 Mechanism of preservation of glomerular perfusion and filtration during acute extracellular fluid volume depletion: Importance of intrarenal vasopressin-prostaglandin interaction for protecting kidneys from constrictor action of vasopressin. J Clin Invest 75:1477-1487
Yokota N, Bruneau BG, Kuroski de Bold ML, de Bold AJ 1994 Atrial natriuretic factor significantly contributes to the mineralocorticoid escape phenomenon. Evidence for a guanylate cyclase-mediated pathway. J Clin Invest 94:1938-1946
Zeng ZP, Naruse M, Naruse K, Kato Y, Shi YF, Demura H, Shizume K 1991 Antiserum against homologous atrial natriuretic peptide diminishes the natriuretic response during mineralocorticoid escape in rats. Endocrinology 128:226-230
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top