臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究乃是將白薇(Cynanchum atratum)、澎湖爵(Justicia ciliata)，與台灣穗花杉 (Amentotaxus formosana Li.)分別進行成分分離及生物活性探討。
由白薇的氯仿抽出物分離得到十二個化合物，包含九個已知化合物：friedelin (1)、-sitosterol (2)、acetovanillone (3)、2,4-dihydr- oxyacetophenone (4)、p-hydroxyacetophenone (5)、3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6)、umbelliferone (7)、glaucogenin C 3-O-β-D- thevetopyranoside (8)、cynanversicoside A (12) 及三個新的化合物2, 2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl)biphenyl(9)、atratoglaucosides A (10) 及B (11)。
將以上所得到的部份化合物分別進行抗發炎及細胞毒殺作用活性篩選，結果在抗發炎方面，cynanversicoside A (12) 對LPS (lipopolysacharide)誘發大鼠的類巨噬細胞RAW 264.7 (macrophage- like cell line) 及小神經膠質細胞N9 (murine microglial cell line N9)釋放TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α) 具有顯著的抑制活性。在細胞毒殺方面cynanversicoside A (12) 對212癌細胞有明顯抑制活性，其ED50值為0.96 g/ml。
由澎湖爵全草甲醇萃取物進行成分分離，得到十五個化合物，其中有十一個已知的化合物：-sitosterol (2)、simiarenol (13)、heliobuphthalmin (14)、justicidin A (15)、chinensinaphthol methyl ether (16)、neojusticin B (17)、taiwanin E methyl ether (18)、diphyllin (19)、chinensinaphthol (20)、4'-demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23)、tuberculatin (24) 以及四個新的化合物cilinaphthalide A (21)、cilinaphthalide B (22)、ciliatosides A (25) 及B (26)。
將以上所得到的部份化合物分別進行細胞毒殺作用及抗發炎活性篩選，結果顯示在細胞毒殺作用方面，justicidin A (15) 對人類膀胱癌細胞 (T-24)、子宮頸癌細胞 (SiHa、CaSki、HT-3)、肝癌細胞(PLC/PRF/5)、212癌細胞皆有很強烈的抑制效果，其抑制效果與比較物actinomycin D相當；tuberculatin (24) 對所測試的人類肝癌細胞(Hep3B , Hep G2)、子宮頸癌細胞 (SiHa)、大腸癌細胞 (HT-29, HCT116)、乳癌細胞 (MCF-7 , MCF-7-ras) 也有很好的抑制效果；其次taiwanin E mether ether (18) 對HT-3；diphyllin (19) 對212、Hep3B、Hep G2、HT-29、HCT116及cilinaphthalide A (24) 對T-24、CaSki、HT-3皆有明顯的抑制效果。在抗發炎活性測試結果顯示，ciliatoside A (25) 和 ciliatoside B (26) 對LPS誘發大鼠的類巨噬細胞RAW 264.7 (macrophage-like cell line) 時所釋放之NO2-(nitrite ion)，具強之抑制活性，IC50值分別為27.1 ± 1.6和29.4 ± 1.4μM。而由LPS/IFN-γ(interferon-γ)誘發小神經膠質細胞N9 (murine microglial cell line N9) 時之NO2-釋放，具較弱的抑制效果。
由台灣穗花杉莖皮氯仿萃取液進行成分分離，得到十二個化合物，其中有十個已知的化合物，分別是：(+)-ferruginol (27)、ent-16- kauren-6α-ol (28)、3β,23β-dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29)、candol A (30)、(+)-sugiol (31)、ent-11α-hydroxykaur- 16-en-15-one (33)、candol B (34)、16α-hydroxykauran (35)、ent-8(14),15- sandaracopimaradien- 2α,18-diol (37)、sandaracopimaradien-2α, 18, 19-triol (38)及二個新的化合物： amentotaxin BB (32)、amentotaxin BA (36

In a research of bioactive constituents of Cynanchum atratum, nine known compounds, friedelin (1), -sitosterol (2), acetovanillone (3), 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), p-hydroxyacetophenone (5), 3,4-dihydr- oxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6), umbelliferone (7), glaucogenin C 3-O-β-D-thevetopyranoside (8), and cynanversicoside A (12), and three new compounds, 2,2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl)- biphenyl (9), atratoglaucosides A (10) and B (11), were isolated. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Compounds 12 showed significant inhibitory effects on TFN-α formation from RAW 264.7 and N9 cells stimulated with LPS. Compound 12 also showed significant cytotoxic effects against 212 cells with an ED50 value of about 0.96 g/ml.
Eleven known compounds, -sitosterol (2), simiarenol (13), heliobuphthalmin (14), justicidin A (15), chinensinaphthol methyl ether (16), neojusticin B (17), taiwanin E methyl ether (18), diphyllin (19), chinensinaphthol (20), 4'-demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23), and tuberculatin (24), and four new compounds, cilinaphthalide A (21), cilinaphthalide B (22), ciliatosides A (25), and B (26), were isolated from the whole plants of Justicia ciliata.
Compound 15 showed significant cytotoxic effects against T-24, SiHa, CaSki, HT-3, PLC/PRF/5, and 212 cells. It showed same cytotoxic effect as that of positive control, actinomycin D. Compound 18 showed significant cytotoxic effects against HT-3. Compound 19 showed significant cytotoxic effects against 212, Hep 3B, Hep G2, HT-29 and HCT 116. Compound 21 showed significant cytotoxic effects against T-24, CaSki and HT-3 and compound 24 showed significant cytotoxic effects against Hep 3B, Hep G2, SiHa, HT-29, HCT 116, MCF-7 and MCF-7-ras.
Compound 25 and 26 showed significant inhibitory effects on nitrite ion accumulation from RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS with IC50 values of 27.1 ± 1.6 and 29.4 ± 1.4μM, respectively. Compounds 25 and 26 also showed weak inhibitory effects on nitrite ion accumulation from N9 cells stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ.
Ten known compounds, (+)-ferruginol (27)、ent-16- kauren-6α-ol (28)、3β,23β-dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29)、candol A (30)、(+)-sugiol (31)、ent-11α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33)、candol B (34)、16α-hydroxykauran (35)、ent-8(14),15- sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37)、sandaracopimaradien-2α, 18, 19-triol (38), and two new compounds，amentotaxin BB (32)、amentotaxin BA (36), were isolated from the bark of Amentotaxus formosana.

目錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………….. 1
英文摘要………………………………………………………….. 3
第一章 研究動機與目的………………………………………… 12
第二章 白薇化學成分研究……………………………… 15
第一節 研究回顧…………………………………………… 15
第二節 植物型態…………………………………………… 15
第三節 抽取與分離………………………………………… 17
第四節 化學成分之結構證明……………………………… 18
第一項 Friedelin (1) 的結構證明……………….……. 18
第二項 -Sitosterol (2) 的結構證明………………… 21
第三項 Acetovanillone (3) 的結構證明………………. 24
第四項 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (4) 的結構證明. 28
第五項 p-Hydroxyacetophenone (5) 的結構證明……. 31
第六項3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6) 的結構證明……………………………………….
34
第七項 Umbelliferone (7) 的結構證明……………….. 38
第八項 Glaucogenin C 3-O-β-D-thevetopyranoside (8) 的結構證明…………………………………..
42
第九項 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1- hydroxypropyl)biphenyl (9) 的結構證明…
45
第十項 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 的結構證明……..... 51
第十一項 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 的結構證明………. 57
第十二項 Cynaversicoside A (12) 的結構證明……… 63
第三章 澎湖爵化學成分研究………………………………… 67
第一節 研究回顧…………………………………………… 67
第二節 植物型態…………………………………………… 67
第三節 抽取與分離………………………………………… 69
第四節 化學成分之結構證明…………………………… 70
第一項 Simiarenol (13) 的結構證明……………… 70
第二項 Heliobuphthalmin (14) 的結構證明……… 73
第三項 Justicidin A (15) 的結構證明……..………. 76
第四項 Chineninaphthol methyl ether (16) 的結構證明……………………………………………
80
第五項 Neojusticin B ( Justicidin C) (17) 的結構證明……………………………………………….
84
第六項 Taiwanin E methyl ether (18) 的結構證明….. 87
第七項 Diphyllin (19) 的結構證明…………………... 90
第八項 Cinensinaphthol (20) 的結構證明…………… 93
第九項 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 的結構證明………….. 96
第十項 Cilinaphthalide B (22) 的結構證明…………. 101
第十一項 4'-Demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23) 的結構證明…………………………
106
第十二項 Tuberculatin (24) 的結構證明…………… 109
第十三項 Ciliatoside A (25) 的結構證明……….. 113
第十四項 Ciliatoside B (26) 的結構證明….…….. 119
第四章 台灣穗花杉化學成分研究……………………………… 125
第一節 研究回顧…………………………………………… 125
第二節 植物型態…………………………………………… 125
第三節 抽取與分離………………………………………… 127
第四節 化學成分之結構證明…………………………… 128
第一項 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 的結構證明………… 128
第二項 ent-16-Kauren-6α-ol (28) 的結構證明…… 132
第三項3β,23β-Dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29) 的結構證明………………………………..
135
第四項 Candol A (30) 的結構證明……………… 139
第五項 (+)-Sugiol (31) 的結構證明………………. 143
第六項 Amentotaxin BB (32) 的結構證明………… 146
第七項 ent-11α-Hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33) 的結構證明………………………………………..
151
第八項 Candol B (34) 的結構證明……………….. 155
第九項 16α-Hydroxykauran (35) 的結構證明…… 159
第十項 Amentotaxin BA (36) 的結構證明……….. 162
第十一項 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18- diol (37) 的結構證明………………...
169
第十二項 Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18,19-triol (38) 的結構證明…………………………………
173
第五章 生物活性試驗………………………………………….. 177
第一節 抗發炎活性試驗結果……………………………… 177
第二節 細胞毒殺試驗結果………………………………… 179
第六章 結論……………………………………………………… 187
第七章 實驗部分……………………………………….……….. 189
第一節 儀器與材料………………………………….…….. 189
第二節 實驗方法………………………………………… 191
第三節 生物活性試驗篩選方法………………………… 192
第四節 化合物之物理化學性質………………………… 197
參考文獻………………………………………………………….. 235
論文著作………………………………………………………… 241
圖表目錄
圖1-1 Friedelin (1) 之IR光譜………………………………… 19
圖1-2 Friedelin (1) 之EIMS光譜…………………………….. 19
圖1-3 Friedelin (1) 之氫光譜…………………………………. 20
圖1-4 Friedelin (1) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………………. 20
圖2-1 -Sitosterol (2) 之IR光譜……………………………. 22
圖2-2 -Sitosterol (2) 之EIMS光譜………………………… 22
圖2-3 -Sitosterol (2) 之氫光譜……………………………… 23
圖2-4 -Sitosterol (2) 之碳光譜……………………………… 23
圖3-1 Acetovanillone (3) 之EIMS光譜……………………… 25
圖3-2 Acetovanillone (3) 之IR光譜…………………………. 25
圖3-3 Acetovanillone (3) 之氫光譜…………………………… 26
圖3-4 Acetovanillone (3) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………… 26
圖3-4 Acetovanillone (3) 之NOESY光譜……………………. 27
圖4-1 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (4) 之EIMS光譜……….. 29
圖4-2 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (4) 之IR光譜……………. 29
圖4-3 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (4) 之氫光譜……………... 30
圖4-4 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (4) 之碳和DEPT光譜….. 30
圖5-1 p-Hydroxyacetophenone (5) 之EIMS光譜……………. 31
圖5-2 p-Hydroxyacetophenone (5) 之IR光譜……………….. 32
圖5-3 p-Hydroxyacetophenone (5) 之氫光譜………………….. 32
圖5-4 p-Hydroxyacetophenone (5) 之碳和DEPT光譜………. 33
圖6-1 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6) 之EIMS光譜……………………………………………………….
35
圖6-2 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6) 之IR光譜. 35
圖6-3 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6) 之氫光譜… 36
圖6-4 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6) 之碳和DEPT光譜……………………………………………….
36
圖6-5 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6) 之NOESY光譜
37
圖7-1 Umbelliferone (7) 之EIMS光譜………………………. 39
圖7-2 Umbelliferone (7) 之IR光譜………………………….. 39
圖7-3 Umbelliferone (7) 之氫光譜…………………………… 40
圖7-4 Umbelliferone (7) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………… 40
圖7-5 Umbelliferone (7) 之HMQC光譜…………………….. 41
圖7-6 Umbelliferone (7) 之NOESY光譜……………………. 41
圖8-1 Glaucogenin C -D-thevetopyranoside (8) 之IR光譜… 43
圖8-2 Glaucogenin C -D-thevetopyranoside (8) 之氫光譜….. 43
圖8-3 Glaucogenin C -D-thevetopyranoside (8) 之FABMS光譜…………………………………………………………
44
圖8-4 Glaucogenin C -D-thevetopyranoside (8) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………………………………………………….
44
圖9-1 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之IR光譜……………….………
46
圖9-2 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之氫光譜…………………..…..
47
圖9-3 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之碳和DEPT光譜………….……
47
圖9-4 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之HMQC光譜…………….……
48
圖9-5 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之COSY光譜………….……….
49
圖9-6 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之HMBC光譜…………………..
49
圖9-7 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之NOESY光譜………..
50
圖9-8 2,2',6,6'-Tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy- propyl)biphenyl (9) 之EIMS光譜…………...
50
圖10-1 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之IR光譜…………………… 52
圖10-2 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之氫光譜……………………. 53
圖10-3 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………. 53
圖10-4 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之NOESY光譜…………….. 55
圖10-5 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之FABMS光譜…………….. 55
圖10-6 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之HMQC光譜……………… 56
圖10-7 Atratoglaucoside A (10) 之COSY光譜……………… 56
圖11-1 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 之IR光譜…………………… 59
圖11-2 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 之氫光譜…………………….. 59
圖11-3 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 之碳和DEPT光譜………….. 61
圖11-4 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 之FABMS光譜……………… 61
圖11-5 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 之HMQC光譜……………… 62
圖11-6 Atratoglaucoside B (11) 之HMBC光譜………………. 62
圖12-1 Cynaversicoside A (12) 之IR光譜…………………… 64
圖12-2 Cynaversicoside A (12) 之氫光譜……………………. 65
圖12-3 Cynaversicoside A (12) 之碳和DEPT光譜………….. 65
圖12-4 Cynaversicoside A (12) 之FABMS光譜……………… 66
圖13-1 Simiarenol (13) 之IR光譜……………………………. 71
圖13-2 Simiarenol (13) 之EIMS光譜………………………… 71
圖13-3 Simiarenol (13) 之氫光譜…………………………….. 72
圖13-4 Simiarenol (13) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………….. 72
圖14-1 Heliobuphthalmin (14) 之EIMS光譜………………… 74
圖14-2 Heliobuphthalmin (14) 之氫光譜……………………… 74
圖14-3 Heliobuphthalmin (14) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………… 75
圖14-4 Heliobuphthalmin (14) 之IR光譜……………………. 75
圖15-1 Justicidin A (15) 之 EIMS 光譜…………………….. 77
圖15-2 Justicidin A (15) 之氫光譜…………………………… 78
圖15-3 Justicidin A (15) 之 NOESY光譜…………………… 78
圖15-4 Justicidin A (15) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………… 79
圖15-5 Justicidin A (15) 之 IR 光譜………………………… 79
圖16-1 Chineninaphthol methyl ether (16) 之 EIMS 光譜…… 81
圖16-2 Chineninaphthol methyl ether (16) 之氫光譜………… 82
圖16-3 Chineninaphthol methyl ether (16) 之碳和DEPT光譜. 82
圖16-4 Chineninaphthol methyl ether (16) 之IR光譜……….. 83
圖17-1 Neojusticin B (17) 之EIMS光譜…………………….. 85
圖17-2 Neojusticin B (17) 之氫光譜…………………………... 85
圖17-3 Neojusticin B (17) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………. 86
圖17-4 Neojusticin B (17) 之IR光譜………………………… 86
圖18-1 Taiwanin E methyl ether (18) 之EIMS光譜…………. 88
圖18-2 Taiwanin E methyl ether (18) 之氫光譜………………. 88
圖18-3 Taiwanin E methyl ether (18) 之碳和DEPT光譜…….. 89
圖18-4 Taiwanin E methyl ether (18) 之IR光譜……………… 89
圖19-1 Diphyllin (19) 之EIMS光譜………………………….. 91
圖19-2 Diphyllin (19) 之氫光譜………………………………. 91
圖19-3 Diphyllin (19) 之碳和DEPT光譜……………………. 92
圖19-4 Diphyllin (19) 之IR光譜……………………………… 92
圖20-1 Chineninaphthol (20) 之EIMS光譜………………….. 94
圖20-2 Chineninaphthol (20) 之氫光譜……………………….. 94
圖20-3 Chineninaphthol (20) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………….. 95
圖20-4 Chineninaphthol (20) 之IR光譜……………………… 95
圖21-1 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 之EIMS光譜………………… 97
圖21-2 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 之IR光譜…………………….. 98
圖21-3 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 之氫光譜……………………… 98
圖21-4 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 加D2O之氫光譜…………….. 99
圖21-5 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 之NOESY光譜……………… 99
圖21-6 Cilinaphthalide A (21) 之碳和DEPT光譜……………. 100
圖22-1 Cilinaphthalide B (22) 之EIMS光譜…………………. 102
圖22-2 Cilinaphthalide B (22) 之IR光譜…………………….. 103
圖22-3 Cilinaphthalide B (22) 之氫光譜……………………… 103
圖22-4 Cilinaphthalide B (22) 之NOESY光譜………………. 104
圖22-5 Cilinaphthalide B (22) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………… 104
圖23-1 4'-Demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23) 之EIMS光譜………………………………………………..
107
圖23-2 4'-Demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23) 之氫光譜………………………………………………………
107
圖23-3 4'-Demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………………………………………
108
圖23-4 4'-Demethylchinensinaphthol methyl ether (23) 之IR光譜………………………………………………………..
108
圖24-1 Tuberculatin (24) 之FABMS光譜……………………. 110
圖24-2 Tuberculatin (24) 之氫光譜…………………………… 111
圖24-3 Tuberculatin (24) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………… 111
圖24-4 Tuberculatin (24) 之IR光譜………………………….. 112
圖25-1 Ciliatoside A (25) 之FABMS光譜…………………… 114
圖25-2 Ciliatoside A (25) 之IR光譜…………………………. 115
圖25-3 Ciliatoside A (25) 之氫光譜…………………………… 115
圖25-4 Ciliatoside A (25) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………… 116
圖25-5 Ciliatoside A (25) 之HMBC光譜…………………….. 116
圖25-6 Ciliatoside A (25) 之NOESY光譜…………………… 117
圖25-7 Ciliatoside A (25) 之HMQC光譜…………………… 117
圖25-8 Ciliatoside A (25) 之COSY光譜……………………... 118
圖26-1 Ciliatoside B (26) 之FABMS光譜…………………… 121
圖26-2 Ciliatoside B (26) 之IR光譜…………………………. 121
圖26-3 Ciliatoside B (26) 之氫光譜…………………………… 122
圖26-4 Ciliatoside B (26) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………… 122
圖26-5 Ciliatoside B (26) 之HMBC光譜…………………….. 123
圖26-6 Ciliatoside B (26) 之NOESY光譜……………………. 123
圖26-7 Ciliatoside B (26) 之HMQC光譜…………………….. 124
圖26-8 Ciliatoside B (26) 之COSY光譜……………………... 124
圖27-1 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 之EIMS光譜…………………….. 129
圖27-2 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 之氫光譜………………………….. 129
圖27-3 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 之 COSY光譜…………………… 130
圖27-4 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 之 碳和DEPT光譜……………… 130
圖27-5 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 之 NOESY光譜…………………. 131
圖27-6 (+)-Ferruginol (27) 之 IR光譜……………………….. 131
圖28-1 ent-16-Kauren-6α-ol (28) 之EIMS光譜…………….. 132
圖28-2 ent-16-Kauren-6α-ol (28) 之氫光譜………………….. 133
圖28-3 ent-16-Kauren-6α-ol (28) 之碳和DEPT光譜……….. 133
圖28-4 ent-16-Kauren-6α-ol (28) 之NOESY光譜…………… 134
圖28-5 ent-16-Kauren-6α-ol (28) 之IR光譜…………………. 134
圖29-1 3β,23β-Dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29) 之EIMS光譜………………………………………………..
136
圖29-2 3β,23β-Dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29) 之IR光譜……………………………………………………….. 137
圖29-3 3β,23β-Dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29)之氫光譜
137
圖29-4 3β,23β-Dimethoxy-5α-lanosta-24(241)-ene (29)之碳和DEPT光譜………………………………………………
138
圖30-1 Candol A (30) 之EIMS光譜………………………….. 140
圖30-2 Candol A (30) 之氫光譜……………………………….. 140
圖30-3 Candol A (30) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………………….. 141
圖30-4 Candol A (30) 之HMBC光譜……………………….. 141
圖30-5 Candol A (30) 之IR光譜…………………………….. 142
圖31-1 (+)-Sugiol (31) 之EIMS光譜………………………… 143
圖31-2 (+)-Sugiol (31) 之氫光譜……………………………… 144
圖31-3 (+)-Sugiol (31) 之碳與DEPT光譜…………………… 144
圖31-4 (+)-Sugiol (31) 之HMBC光譜………………………. 145
圖31-5 (+)-Sugiol (31) 之IR光譜……………………………. 145
圖32-1 Amentotaxin BB (32) 之EIMS光譜…………………. 147
圖32-2 Amentotaxin BB (32) 之氫光譜………………………. 147
圖32-3 Amentotaxin BB (32) 之碳光譜………………………. 148
圖32-4 Amentotaxin BB (32) 之HMBC光譜………………. 149
圖32-5 Amentotaxin BB (32) 之NOESY光譜………………. 149
圖32-5 Amentotaxin BB (32) 之IR光譜……………………… 150
圖33-1 ent-11α-Hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33) 之EIMS光譜. 152
圖33-2 ent-11α-Hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33) 之氫光譜…… 152
圖33-3 ent-11α-Hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33) 之碳和DEPT光譜……………………………………………………..
153
圖33-4 ent-11α-Hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33) 之COSY光譜 153
圖33-5 ent-11α-Hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (33) 之IR光譜… 154
圖34-1 Candol B (34) 之EIMS光譜………………………….. 156
圖34-2 Candol B (34) 之氫光譜………………………………. 156
圖34-3 Candol B (34) 之碳和DEPT光譜……………………. 157
圖34-4 Candol B (34) 之HMBC光譜………………………… 157
圖34-5 Candol B (34) 之IR光譜……………………………… 158
圖35-1 16α-Hydroxykauran (35) 之IR光譜………………… 159
圖35-2 16α-Hydroxykauran (35) 之EIMS光譜……………… 160
圖35-3 16α-Hydroxykauran (35) 之氫光譜………………….. 160
圖35-4 16α-Hydroxykauran (35) 之碳和DEPT光譜……… 161
圖36-1 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之IR光譜……………………… 165
圖36-2 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之氫光譜………………………. 165
圖36-3 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………….. 166
圖36-4 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之HMBC光譜………………… 166
圖36-5 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之NOESY光譜……………….. 167
圖36-6 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之COSY光譜…………………. 167
圖36-7 Amentotaxin BA (36) 之EIMS光譜………………….. 168
圖37-1 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37) 之EIMS光譜………………………………………………
170
圖37-2 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37) 之氫光譜………………………………………………….
170
圖37-3 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37) 之COSY光譜……………………………………………..
171
圖37-4 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37) 之NOESY光譜…………………………………………..
171
圖37-5 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37) 之碳和DEPT光譜………………………………………..
172
圖37-6 ent-8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18-diol (37) 之IR光譜………………………………………………….
172
圖38-1 Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18,19-triol (38) 之EIMS光譜 174
圖38-2 Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18,19-triol (38) 之氫光譜… 174
圖38-3 Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18,19-triol (38) 之NOESY光譜………………………………………………………..
175
圖38-4 Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18,19-triol (38) 之碳和DEPT光譜…………………………………………………….
175
圖38-5 Sandaracopimaradien-2α,18,19-triol (38) 之IR光譜.. 176
表一、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 3, 4, 6-8 and 12 on the Release of β-Glucuronidase and Histamine from Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells Stimulated with Compound 48/80………………………………………….
180
表二、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 3, 4, 6-8 and 12 on the Release of β-Glucuronidase and Lysozyme from Rat Neutrophils Stimulated with fMLP/CB……………………………………………….
180
表三、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 3, 4, 6-8, and 12 on Superoxide Anion Formation from Rat Neutrophils Stimulated with fMLP/CB or PMA………..
181
表四、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 3, 4, 6-8, and 12 on the Accumulation of NO2- from RAW 264.7 Cells (A) Stimulated with LPS and N9 Cells (B) Stimulated with LPS / IFN-γ…………………………….
181
表五、 The Inhibitory Effects of Compounds 3, 4, 6-8, and 12 on TNF-α Formation from RAW 264.7 Cells (A) Stimulated with LPS and N9 Cells (B) Stimulated with LPS / IFN-γ..
182
表六、 The Inhibitory Effects of Compounds 25 and 26 on TNF-α Formation from RAW 264.7 Cells (A) Stimulated with LPS and N9 Cells (B) Stimulated with LPS / IFN-γ…….
182
表七、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 25 and 26 on Superoxide Anion Formation from Rat Neutrophils Stimulated with fMLP/CB or PMA………….
183
表八、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 25 and 26 on the Release of β-Glucuronidase and Lysozyme from Rat Neutrophils Stimulated with fMLP/CB…………
183
表九、 The Concentration-dependent Inhibition of Compounds 25 and 26 on the Release of β-Glucuronidase and Histamine from Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells Stimulated with Compound 48/80………………………………………….
183
表十、 Inhibitory Effects of Compounds 25 and 26 on the Accumlation of NO2-(μM) from RAW 264.7 Cells Stimulated with LPS and N9 Cells Stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ…………………………………………………
184
表十一、 Effects of Compounds 15、19 and 24 on the Accumlation of NO2-(μM) (A) and TNF-α (ng/mL) Formation (B) from RAW 264.7 Cells Stimulated with LPS………………………………………………………
185
表十二、 Cytotoxicity of Compounds 11 and 12 (ED50 values in g/mL)…………………………………………………
185
表十三、 Cytotoxicity of Lignans Isolated from Justicia ciliata (ED50 values inμg/mL)………………………………..
186
表十四、 Cytotoxicity of Lignans Isolated from Justicia plants (ED50 values in μg/mL)……………………………….
186
植物圖片一 白薇全草………………………………… 16
植物圖片二 澎湖爵牀全草……………………………………. 68
植物圖片三 台灣穗花杉-雄花序長穗狀……………………… 126
植物圖片四 台灣穗花杉-尚未成熟的果實…………………… 126

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