臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
比較不同的作物其植株含氮量高低，對銀葉粉蝨的產卵偏好、若蟲生長速率、存活率及每日產卵量差異。對八種供試作物持續的施用氮肥，會使植物葉片內含氮量及含水量上升。試驗花椰菜、甘藍、茄子、番茄、甜椒、胡瓜、聖誕紅及花豆等八種作物，比較不同含氮量高、低對銀葉粉蝨的產卵偏好性及發育之影響。持續的施用氮肥料與不施氮肥二種處理，結果銀葉粉蝨對於高含氮量的作物，均具有較高的產卵偏好性。在不同含氮量植株方面，取食高含氮量者較取食低含氮量者，其若蟲發育期皆較短，生長速率較快。在葉菜類1~2齡若蟲發育速率明顯差異，3~4齡若蟲至成蟲在所有作物差異顯著，葉菜類對氮肥之偏高需要在試驗後續階段因持續不施肥兩周很明顯從外觀顯示枯黃，降低其存活率，而氮肥對茄科與瓜類及聖誕紅之影響在短時間內差異不大。以葉菜類及豆類若蟲存活率差異顯著。茄科、瓜類及聖誕紅上，銀葉粉蝨雌蟲，在施肥作物每日產卵量高於不施肥作物，但到第14天後兩者均有下降趨勢。
關鍵詞：銀葉粉蝨、含氮量、產卵偏好性、生長速率

Abstract
This objective of the studies is to explore the influence of different nitrogen contents in crop plants on the silverleaf whitefly（Bemisia argentifolii）oviposition of the preference, nymph growth rate, survival rate, eggs laid daily. Eight different crops were fertilized continuously to increase their nitrogen and water contents. The silverleaf whitefly tends to prefer cabbage with higher nitrogen contents. In order to determine the influence of nitrogen contents on the oviposition preference and development, we divided 8 ─cauliflower, cabbage, eggplant, tomato, sweat pepper, cucumber, poinsettia and kidney bean─into two groups, one treated with nitrogen fertilizer and one without. The results showed that the silverleaf whitefly laid more eggs on plants with higher fertilized nitrogen contents. Those whiteflies developmental time feeding on plants with nitrogen contents, similar developed faster, for 1~2 instars was shorter, and 3~4 nymph’s development time into adult was also shortened. Vegetable plants became highly dependent on nitrogen fertilizers; plants became wilted after ferlizer was supended for two weeks,result in the decrease and their survival rate . However, nitrogen fertilizers did not cause similar effects on salanaceous plants, cucurbitaceous plants, and poinsettia. With regard to the nymph survival rate on different plants, the rate was significantly different vegetable and bean plants, but not on Salanaceae plant, Cucurbitaceae plant, and poinsettia. Female whiteflies laid more eggs daily on plants with fertilized contents. But such difference would decrease after the 14th day.
Key words：silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii , nitrogen content, ovipoition preference, developmental rate

目 錄
前言….…………………………………………………………1
往昔研究…………………………………………………..…...3
一、 銀葉粉蝨之分類及命名………………………………………3
二、 銀葉粉蝨之個體發育生物學…………………………………5
三、 銀葉粉蝨發育及防治方法………….………………………..8
四、 植物施用氮肥對銀葉粉蝨族群影響與其產卵行為..……………..9
材料與方法…………………………………………………...13
一、 供試昆蟲及植株……………………………………………13
二、 其他供試植株繁殖…………………………………………..14
三、 植物含氮量成分分析方法………………………………...14
四、 銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株之產卵量及成蟲壽命16
五、 銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株之發育速率及存活率16
六、 銀葉粉蝨於施肥與不施肥供試植株之每日產卵量……… 17
七、 統計分析方法………………………………………………17
結 果…………………………………………………………..18
一、 植株含水量與植株含氮量測試………………………………18
八種供試植株之施肥與不施肥對銀葉粉蝨產卵偏好……..18
三、銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株上若蟲發育期及成蟲壽命18
四、銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株上存活率………………….20
五、銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株上每日產卵量………………..20
討 論………………………………………………………………22
一、植株含水量與含氮量測試………………………………………..22
二、八種供試植株在施肥與不施肥對銀葉粉蝨產卵偏好之逢
機選擇產卵量……………………………………………………..23
三、銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株上若蟲發育期及成蟲壽命…24
四、銀葉粉蝨在施肥與不施肥供試植株上存活率……………………25
五、銀葉粉蝨在高、低氮肥供試植株上日產卵量……………………25
參考文獻…………………………………………………………..27
圖…………………………………………………………………..35
表……………………… ………………………………………….45

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