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研究生:李世滄
研究生(外文):Shih-Chang Lee
論文名稱:薯蕷類屬(山藥)之本草學研究暨山藥原料及其產品之保肝護腎研究
論文名稱(外文):Herbalogical study of the Chinese yam and it''s liver and kidney protection effects
指導教授:盧訓盧訓引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shin Lu
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:食品科學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:食品科學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2002
畢業學年度:90
語文別:中文
論文頁數:179
中文關鍵詞:山藥本草學研究毒理學及藥理學研究保肝護腎作用
外文關鍵詞:Chinese yamDioscorea alataliver and kidney protection
相關次數:
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
肝病是國人常見之疾病。從傳統醫藥理論與豐富文獻作
研究評估前提與作用機轉之探討篩選,將有助於「藥食同源」
原料對肝病防治效果之提升,由此藉以增進國人健康。本論文
先以整理山藥之典籍,藉以明瞭山藥來源與文獻記載應用之
關係。繼以山藥之水抽出物進行研究。首先,進行急性毒性
安全性實驗,繼則以乙醯胺酚及乙醇誘發大白鼠急性肝、腎
損傷後,進行保肝、護腎效果之觀察,包括:生化檢測、組織
病理學觀察;同時亦對山藥枸杞麵產品進行保肝、護腎效果之
評估,以期對保肝、護腎之「藥食同源」原料「山藥」作深入
之探討。
研究結果顯示:(1)典籍整理指出,山藥明顯屬於薯蕷類
,其用於補脾、益肺、固腎,針對肝功能與胃腸功能同時具有
臨床功用,且用之以調整新陳代謝;(2)由急性毒性實驗顯示
,山藥是幾乎無毒性之安全性原料;(3)由生化檢測值結果
顯示,山藥之水抽出物對乙醯胺酚及乙醇所誘發之急性肝、腎
損傷均具有較佳之保護作用。病理組織學研究顯示對乙醯胺酚
及乙醇所誘發之肝中央靜脈區之發炎、肝細胞局部壞死、脂肪
變性等現象,具顯著之保護效果,對腎小管顆粒變性、水樣
變性、壞死及架構崩解等傷害,亦具良好改善作用;(4)山藥
枸杞麵產品對四氯化碳所致之腎損傷由生化檢測值顯示有
明顯保護效果。
Liver complaint is a very popular disease in our country.
From the traditional medical theory and opulent archived
documents, there is evidence supporting our belief that
" medicine and food are from the same source". With this idea,
it is possible for us to find out materials which prossess
protective effects against liver disease, and further improve our
country’s helth.
At the beginning of this study, the archived documents that
related to Chinese yam were organized, to help us trace back to
its source and to familiarize any recorded application. Then,
a series of experiments was performed with the water extract of
Dioscorea alata L.
First was the safety examination of acute toxicant, and
then, to simulate the disease, the liver and kidney of SD mice
were acutely damaged induced by acetaminophen and ethanol.
Finally, the observation of the protective effects was performed
through medical procedures, including biochemistry
examination, and observation in histopathology. To further
discuss Chinese yam for the idea that medicine and food are from
the same source, we also studied liver and kidney protection
effects of the Yam-Lycium noodle.
The experiment result shows the following:
1. according to the archived documents, the Chinese Yam,
one species of Dioscorea L., has clinical evidence showing that
it is good for the spleen, lung and kidney, improves liver
function and G-I tract function, and adjusts metabolism.
2. The components of the Chinese yam. are nontoxic and
safe.
3. the readings from biochemistry examination reveal that
the water extract of Dioscorea alata L. has better liver and
kidney protection effects against acute damage induced by
acetaminophen and ethanol. Furthermore, the research of
histopathology shows that the phlebitis in the center of liver, the
local necrosis of hepatic cells and fatty change induced by
acetaminophen and ethanol can all be obviously reduced, while
the damage of blomerular granular degeneration, water
degeneration, necrosis and structure collapse etc. are improved.
4. the readings from biochemistry examination also reveal
that the Yam-Lycium noodle has obvious kidney protection
effects against damage caused by carbon tetrachloride.
摘要………………………………………………….……………..7
前言…………………………………………………………………8
第一部 薯蕷類(山藥)之本草學研究……………….11
第一章 前言……………………………………………………………….11
第二章 材料與方法……………………………………………………….13
第一節 材料………………………………………………………….13
(一)引用文獻……………………………………………………….13
(二)使用器材……………………………………………………….15
第二節 方法………………………………………………………….15
第三章 薯蕷類本草典籍研究與番薯類之辨識………………………….15
第一節 薯蕷類本草系統圖……………………………….16
第二節 藥名彙辨…………………………………………...17
第三節 藥名釋義與避諱說……………………………….23
第四節 形態、種類………………………………………..24
第五節 薯蕷、甘藷、甘薯、番薯分類辨識…………..38
第六節 產地…………………………………………………39
第七節 栽培…………………………………………………48
第八節 採收、加工炮製…………………………………..51
第九節 藥性理論之性味…………………………………..55
第十節 藥理功效、使用宜忌………………………………56
第四章 結果………………………………………………………………60
第五章 討論……………………………………………………………….69
第二部 山藥原料及其產品之保肝、護腎之研究……72
第一章 山藥之植物資源學研究……………….……………72
第一節 植物基原、特徵…………………………………..72
(一) 薯蕷科之特徵…………………………………..72
(二) 薯蕷屬之特徵…………………………………..73
(三) 薯蕷屬分類系統………………………………..73
分組檢所表……………………………………..74
第二節 中國產薯蕷屬藥用植物之品種…………………75
第三節 台灣產薯蕷屬植物檢索表………………………77
第四節 台灣山藥原料基原……………………………….79
第五節 山藥化學成分……………………………………..83
第六節 山藥效用…………………………………………...86
第二章 山藥之藥理學研究.…………………………….……89
第三章 中毒性肝損傷現代醫學概述……………………….92
第一節 中毒性肝損傷……………………………………..93
(一)藥物性肝損傷……………………………………..93
(二)酒精性肝損傷……………………………………..96
第二節 乙醯胺酚藥理……………………………………102
第三節 乙醇藥理………………………………………….104
第四章 山藥安全性及對乙醇或乙醯氨酚誘發肝、腎損傷之
研究及四氯化碳誘發產品之肝腎損傷之研究….106
第一部份 材料與方法……………………………………106
第一節 藥品與器材……………………………………106
第二節 山藥材料之準備……………………………107
第三節 山藥水抽出物之製備………………………107
第四節 實驗動物………………………………………109
第五節 肝、腎功能之測定……………………………109
第六節 統計學分析……………………………………109
第七節 病理檢驗………………………………………110
第二部份 實驗研究項目…………………………………111
第一節 山藥之安全性:急性毒性試驗(LD50)…112
第二節 山藥對乙醇(Ethanol)誘發急性肝、腎損傷
之研究…………………………………………113
第三節 山藥對乙醯氨酚(Acetaminophen)誘發急性
肝、腎損傷之研究…………………………….115
第四節 山藥枸杞麵對四氯化碳(Carbon tetra-
chloride)誘發急性肝、腎損傷之研究…117
第五章 結果…………………………………………………..119
第六章 討論…………………………………………………..143
總結論……………………………………………………………147
參考文獻………………………………………………………..149
附錄(研究成果)……………………………………………..175
謝辭………………………………………………………………177
英文摘要………………………………………………………..178
圖目錄
薯蕷類本草系統圖…………………………………………………16
本草典籍附圖……………………………………………………….36
宋.蘇頌, 本草圖經;宋.唐慎微, 經史證類大觀本草…36
宋.唐慎微, 重修政和經史證類備用本草………………….36
明.朱橚《救荒本草》…………………………………………37
明.蘭茂《滇南本草》…………………………………………37
清.吳其濬《名實圖考》…………………………………………37
薯蕷、大薯、甘薯《中華本草》…………………………………37
薯蕷、大薯《中國本草彩色圖鑒》…………………………..37
脂質過氧化與一些疾病之關係…………………………………..97
山藥水抽出物流程圖…………………………………………….108
實驗Ⅱ流程圖(山藥與參考藥物―水飛薊(silymarin)對乙醇
誘發肝、腎損傷之療效評估)…………………………………..114
實驗Ⅲ流程圖(山藥與對照藥物―N-Acetylcysteine對
Acetaminophen誘發肝、腎損傷之療效評估)……………….116
實驗Ⅳ流程圖(山藥枸杞麵對Carbon tetrachloride誘發肝、腎
損傷之療效評估)…………………………………………………118
實驗Ⅱ統計柱狀圖(sGOT)(山藥與對照藥物―水飛薊
(silymarin)對乙醇誘發肝之療效評估)……………………123
實驗Ⅱ統計柱狀圖(sGPT)(山藥與對照藥物―水飛薊
(silymarin)對乙醇誘發肝之療效評估)……………………124
實驗Ⅱ統計柱狀圖(sGGT)(山藥與對照藥物―水飛薊
(silymarin)對乙醇誘發肝之療效評估)……………………125
實驗Ⅱ統計柱狀圖(BUN)(山藥與對照藥物―水飛薊
(silymarin)對乙醇誘發腎損傷之療效評估)………………128
實驗Ⅱ統計柱狀圖(Creatinine)(山藥與對照藥物―水飛薊
(silymarin)對乙醇誘發腎損傷之療效評估)………………129
實驗Ⅱ山藥與Silymarin對Ethanol誘發肝損傷之病理影像圖
………………………………………………………………………130
實驗Ⅱ山藥與Silymarin對Ethanol誘發腎損傷之病理影像圖
………………………………………………………………………131
實驗Ⅲ統計柱狀圖(sGOT)(山藥與對照藥物―N-Acetyl-
cysteine對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之療效評估)………134
實驗Ⅲ統計柱狀圖(sGPT)(山藥與對照藥物―N-Acetyl-
cysteine對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之療效評估)………135
實驗Ⅲ統計柱狀圖(sGGT)(山藥與對照藥物―N-Acetyl-
cysteine對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之療效評估)………136
實驗Ⅲ統計柱狀圖(BUN)(山藥與對照藥物―N-Acetyl-
cysteine對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之療效評估)………139
實驗Ⅲ統計柱狀圖(Creatinine)(山藥與對照藥物―N-Acetyl-
cysteine對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之療效評估)………140
實驗Ⅲ山藥與NACS對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之病理影像
圖……………………………………………………………………141
實驗Ⅲ山藥與NACS對Acetaminophen誘發腎損傷之病理影像
圖……………………………………………………………………142
表目錄
表一、本草典籍中之山藥藥名、基原與番薯區別……………………….63
表二、薯蕷類與番薯類生、熟用法區別………………………………….63
表三、本草典籍中之山藥產地和原植物考證…………………………….64
表四、本草典籍中之番薯產地和原植物考證…………………………….68
表五、山藥急性毒性試驗報告表………………………………..120
表六、山藥對Ethanol誘發肝損傷之保護作用……………………..122
表七、山藥對Ethanol誘發腎損傷之保護作用……………….127
表八、山藥對Acetaminophen誘發肝損傷之保護作用…………………133
表九、山藥對Acetaminophen誘發腎損傷之保護作用…………………138
表十、山藥枸杞麵對Carbon tetrachloride誘發肝損傷之保護作用……143
表十一、山藥枸杞麵對Carbon tetrachloride誘發腎損傷之保護作用…144
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