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研究生:黃智鈴
論文名稱:籠飼公雞對精液採集的行為反應:遺傳率、品種差異性與育成期行為的影響
論文名稱(外文):Behavioral responses to semen collection of caged cockerels:a study on heritability, breed difference, and influence of behaviors during rearing stage
指導教授:李淵百李淵百引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:畜產學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:畜牧學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2002
畢業學年度:90
語文別:中文
中文關鍵詞:動物行為保種遺傳
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:11
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為了瞭解公雞採經行為反應是否受到遺傳或早期生活經驗的影響,使用國立中興大學所保存的地方雞種:花東、竹崎、石歧、金門、信義及名古屋等六品種親子兩代雞隻,研究育成期的行為性狀以及上籠後公雞對精液採集的行為反應與精液性狀。
在8到18週齡育成期間雞隻在日間的作息活動,雞隻的品種與一天的時段皆有顯著的影響。信義與石歧花較少時間採食(22.99%與23.76%),但體重最重,金門採食頻率雖高(33.66%),但體重最輕。竹崎最常蹲伏休息(31.45%),站立與走動的時間以石歧最多(42.4%),花蓮最少(31.49%)。信義最常在高處活動(5.70%),而名古屋最少 (1.09%)。飲食行為、站立與走動等活動隨一天時間成U字型變化,清晨與傍晚較多,中午較少,而蹲伏休息與砂浴行為則相反,清晨與傍晚最少,中午最多。
在鬥爭行為方面,以石歧雞最為好鬥(11.65鬥爭回合/小時/隻),竹崎的打鬥頻率最少(3.13鬥爭回合/小時/隻),而其他品種間則無顯著差異。
精液品質方面兩世代的結果相當一致,均顯示品種間有明顯的差異,信義為最好,名古屋最差。然而,合併六個品種的親代與子代資料進行變積分析以估計遺傳率,卻發現所有的精液性狀在同品種之內的遺傳率均未達顯著標準。
公雞的精液量與精子濃度在不同週齡會有差別,但總精子數並無變化。年輕時(25-29週齡)的精子活力較佳,但是污染情形較為嚴重。不過除了污染情形外,公雞的精液性狀在各週齡間有中度到高之相關性。
對採精時抓雞的反應,以金門表現得最為緊張,而名古屋最為遲鈍,而竹崎最會對人攻擊。對於採精時按摩的反應,以竹崎最為敏感,石歧與名古屋最遲鈍。精液蒐集以竹崎與信義最容易,名古屋最難。。對採精時行為反應的遺傳率,只有精液蒐集難易度達顯著水準( ),其餘性狀之遺傳率則不顯著。在採精時雞隻對人類的害怕反應隨年齡漸減,而攻擊性隨年齡增加。較年輕(25-29週齡)的時期,公雞對於採精的按摩反應較差,精液採集也較為困難。
分析採精行為反應與精液性狀的相關係數顯示,生殖突評分較高或按摩反應較敏感就較容易採精,而且可以採集的精液量與總精子數都較多。然而公雞對於被人類抓來採精時的緊張程度與對人的攻擊性與精液性狀並沒有明顯的關係。
育成期的鬥爭行為與社會地位對雞隻上籠的精液品質沒有顯著的相關性,但若在育成期攻擊其他雞隻的次數與回合數較多的雞,在上籠後對人類的反應較不害怕,不過兩者的相關係數並不高(r =-0.19 , p < 0.05)。
壹、 中文摘要--------------------------------------------------1
貳、 前言------------------------------------------------------3
參、 文獻檢討--------------------------------------------------4
一、 行為研究的重要性------------------------------------------4
(一) 動物的行為------------------------------------------------4
(二) 日間作息--------------------------------------------------5
(三) 社會位序--------------------------------------------------7
1. 社會地位的建立----------------------------------------------8
(1) 群體內觀察-------------------------------------------------8
(2) 成對的打鬥-------------------------------------------------9
(3) 享有稀有資源的優先順序-------------------------------------9
2. 測量啄序的方法----------------------------------------------9
3. 社會地位與生產性狀的關係------------------------------------9
(四) 動物對人類的反應與動物福祉-------------------------------10
1. 害怕反應與生產性狀-----------------------------------------10
2. 影響害怕反應的因素-----------------------------------------11
二、 精液性狀-------------------------------------------------11
(一) 精液的組成-----------------------------------------------12
1. 精漿-------------------------------------------------------12
2. 精子-------------------------------------------------------12
(二) 精液品質的測定-------------------------------------------13
1. 家禽精液顏色-----------------------------------------------14
2. 家禽精子之活力或運動能力-----------------------------------14
3. 家禽精液濃度計算-------------------------------------------14
(1) 血球計數法------------------------------------------------15
(2) 細胞自動計數儀--------------------------------------------15
(3) 分光光度計法----------------------------------------------15
(4) 精子容積計法----------------------------------------------15
4. 家禽精子存活率與型態學檢查---------------------------------15
(三) 影響精液性狀的因素---------------------------------------16
(四) 台灣土雞繁殖現況-----------------------------------------16
肆、 材料與方法-----------------------------------------------17
一、 試驗雞隻-------------------------------------------------17
二、 飼養管理-------------------------------------------------17
三、 測定的性狀-----------------------------------------------19
(一) 日間作息-------------------------------------------------19
(二) 鬥爭行為與社會地位---------------------------------------20
(三) 人工採精時雞隻對於抓雞及採精之行為反應-------------------21
(四) 精液品質檢查---------------------------------------------23
四、 統計分析-------------------------------------------------24
(一) 精液性狀與採精行為反應之遺傳率估計-----------------------24
(二) 日間作息-------------------------------------------------25
(三) 育成期雞隻的社會階級係數與社會緊張係數-------------------26
(四) 精液品質與採精行為---------------------------------------27
(五) 育成期社會地位與鬥爭行為及47週齡體重對成熟後採精行為反應及精液品質的影響------------------------------------------------27
(六) 上籠後採精行為反應及精液品質各性狀在不同試驗年齡之關係---28
(七) 各品種雞隻在育成期鬥爭頻率的差異-------------------------29
伍、 結果與討論-----------------------------------------------30
一、 日間作息-------------------------------------------------30
(一) 品種間所表現之差異性-------------------------------------30
(二) 一天中各時段雞隻行為的變化-------------------------------31
二、 鬥爭頻率-------------------------------------------------39
三、 精液性狀-------------------------------------------------40
(一) 品種間之差異---------------------------------------------40
(二) 遺傳的影響-----------------------------------------------40
(三) 不同週齡之差異與相關性-----------------------------------42
1. 不同週齡所表現之差異---------------------------------------42
2. 不同週齡間相關性-------------------------------------------42
(四) 精液品質與成熟體重之關係---------------------------------44
四、 採精時行為反應及其遺傳率---------------------------------44
(一) 品種間之差異---------------------------------------------44
(二) 遺傳率---------------------------------------------------45
(三) 不同週齡之差異與相關性-----------------------------------45
1. 不同週齡之變化---------------------------------------------45
2. 不同週齡間相關性-------------------------------------------45
(四) 採精時行為反應與成熟體重之關係---------------------------47
五、 採精之行為反應與精液性狀之相關---------------------------49
六、 育成期鬥爭活動與社會地位和上籠後性狀之關係---------------50
陸、 結論-----------------------------------------------------55
柒、 參考文獻-------------------------------------------------56
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