臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

甘藍立枯病菌( Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 )引起甘藍苗猝倒與死亡的現象，是甘藍幼苗栽培的主要限制因子之一。將1000 ppm丁香油、丁香粉及丁香酚水溶液分別添加於帶菌介質中，發現三者水溶液皆可有效降低甘藍幼苗立枯病的發生，其中以處理丁香粉的效果最佳。應用甘藍種子誘釣技術測試丁香油抑菌的功效，結果發現利用丁香油處理帶菌介質一天後，病原菌纏據甘藍種子的百分率明顯上升；若處理四或七天後，卻可顯著降低纏據百分率。進一步，以1000 ppm丁香油處理介質一至十二天不等的時間，結果證明處理三天後，R. solani AG-4的纏據率明顯下降，並可維持十二天不再上升。隨著丁香油濃度的增加，R. solani AG-4纏據率會逐漸下降，亦即病原菌的纏據率會由對照組65%降至20%左右。市售BVB NO.4、HECO、Floradur及Kasper等四種栽培介質中添加丁香油溶液，皆可有效降低R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍種子的百分率，其中丁香油在HECO介質的抑菌效果最佳，可降低種子纏據率約50~60%左右。在不同溫度之定溫箱中，利用丁香油處理帶菌介質，結果發現丁香油在28℃時，具有最佳抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍種子的效果。本研究證明陰性或陽性聚電解質混入丁香油中，會抵銷其抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍種子的效果。惟若以苦茶皂素或無患子油乳化丁香油，結果發現利用無患子油乳化丁香油的抑菌功效較為優良。丁香油乳化後調整酸鹼值介於pH 4〜8間，其抑制本菌纏據百分率效果較乳化前調整酸鹼值之抑制效果優良且穩定。在丁香油中加入不同營養源後，發現磷酸鉀、硫酸鉀、硫磺及硝酸鈣等具有提升丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍種子的效果。溫室試驗結果顯示360 ppm丁香油混入240 ppm無患子油，並以60 ppm苦茶皂素進行乳化後，製成的丁香無患子油製劑，具有顯著防治甘藍立枯病與促進甘藍幼苗生育的功效。利用螢光染劑SYTO 9及Propidium iodide染色技術，觀察發現R. solani AG-4 RST-04菌株經過丁香油燻蒸24小時後，會造成本菌菌絲細胞膜呈現紅色反應，細胞的內含物疑似嚴重外溢而空洞化。此結果亦可由電子顯微鏡的觀察得知菌絲尖端皺縮、細胞破洞、細胞質滲漏、質壁分離及空胞化等情形，佐證丁香油的作用點可能是在R. solani AG-4的細胞膜。

前言‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 1
材料與方法‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 5
供試植物‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 5
供試菌株‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 5
接種源之製備‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 5
栽培介質中立枯絲核菌菌量的調查‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 5
病原菌濃度與甘藍種子纏據率間的關係‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 5
病原菌濃度與甘藍苗立枯病發生率間的關係‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 6
丁香油防治甘藍立枯病的影響因子‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 6
丁香油、丁香粉及丁香酚對甘藍苗立枯病發生率的影響‧‧‧‧ 6
丁香油、丁香粉及丁香酚影響R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 7
處理丁香油時間影響R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧7
不同濃度之丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 7
不同介質影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 8
溫度影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧8
聚電解質影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 9
皂化與乳化劑影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧9
不同酸鹼值之丁香油對R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子效果的影響‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 10
丁香油乳化前調整酸鹼值‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 10
丁香油乳化後調整酸鹼值‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 10
不同營養源影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 10
不同組合丁香油製劑抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 11
不同比例丁香油與無患子油製劑抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧11
丁香油與無患子油製劑防治甘藍苗立枯病的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧12
丁香油影響甘藍幼苗抗菌效果分析‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧12
植株之過氧化酵素活性測定‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧12
植株之苯丙氨酸氨化酵素活性測定‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧13
丁香油影響甘藍立枯絲核病菌菌絲形態的觀察‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧13
在螢光顯微鏡下觀察‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧14
在掃描式電子顯微鏡下觀察‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧14
在穿透式電子顯微鏡下觀察‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧14
結果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧16
栽培介質中立枯絲核菌菌量的調查‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 16
病原菌濃度與甘藍種子纏據率間的關係‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 16
病原菌濃度與甘藍苗立枯病發生率間的關係‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 16
丁香油防治甘藍立枯病的影響因子‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 17
丁香油、丁香酚及丁香粉防治甘藍幼苗立枯病的效果‧‧‧‧‧17
丁香油、丁香粉及丁香酚影響R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 17
燻蒸丁香油時間影響R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 18
不同濃度之丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 18
不同介質影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 18
溫度影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 18
聚電解質影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 19
皂化與乳化劑影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 19
不同酸鹼值之丁香油對R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 19
丁香油乳化前調整酸鹼值‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 19
丁香油乳化後調整酸鹼值‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 20
不同營養源影響丁香油抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 20
不同組合丁香油與無患子油製劑抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 20
不同比例丁香油與無患子油製劑抑制R. solani AG-4纏據甘藍
種子的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 21
丁香油與無患子油製劑防治甘藍苗立枯病的效果‧‧‧‧‧‧‧21
丁香油對甘藍幼苗抗菌效果分析‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧22
植株之過氧化酵素活性測定‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧22
植株之苯丙氨酸氨化酵素活性測定‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧22
丁香油影響甘藍立枯絲核病菌菌絲形態的觀察‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧22
討論‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧24
引用文獻‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧28
中文摘要‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧34
英文摘要‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧36
圖表‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧38
附錄‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧63

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