臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
本試驗施用牛糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、豌豆苗堆肥及豆餅等四種有機質肥料，以化學肥料為對照，探討不同有機質肥料對水稻農藝性狀、產量、碾米品質、米粒外觀及白米化學性質之影響。茲將試驗結果摘要如下：
一、水稻之株高、穗長及穗重，第一期作以施用豬糞堆肥之表現較優，而稻殼及糙米容積重則分別以施用牛糞堆肥及豌豆苗堆肥表現最優；第二騎作則以施用牛糞堆肥之表現最優，而稻殼及糙米容積重則分別以施用豌豆苗堆肥及豬糞堆肥表現最優。
二、稻殼產量及一穗粒數，第一期作以豬糞堆肥之表現較優；第二期作則以施用牛糞堆肥之產量較高。
三、糙米率第一期作以施用牛糞堆肥表現較優，白米率及完整米率則以化學肥料為最優；第二期作碾米品質受肥料處理之影響反應不一致。
四、米粒外觀在不同肥料處理下，第一期作沒有腹白產生，透明度、心白及背白呈極顯著差異，而肥料處理間對於米粒外觀則各具不同之效果；第二期作不同肥料處理間沒有腹白產生，其中以施用化學肥料之米粒較為透明，而牛糞堆肥則心白較少。
五、直鏈澱粉及粗蛋白質含量，第一期作分別以施用化學肥料及豌豆苗堆肥含量較低，凝膠展延性則以大豆絣處理為較長。第二期作則分別以牛糞堆肥及豌豆苗堆肥處理之含量為較低，凝膠展延性以施用化學肥料為較長。
綜合上述結果，就產量及一般農藝性狀而言，第一期作以施用豬糞堆肥之表現最優，第二期作則以施用牛糞堆肥之表現最優。至於碾米品質、米粒外觀及白米化學性質等性狀，在肥料處理間之表現並不一致，有待進一步探討。

Summary
The objectives of this study was to find the effects of organic fertilizers on the rice yield and quality, four organic fertilizers, including cattle manure, pig manure pea residue and bean residue were used in this trial in 2000 and 2001. The results and summuried as follow :
1.In the first-crop season, the pig manure had better effects on plant height, panicle length, panicle weight of rice than other organic fertilizers. The cattle manure and pea residue had better effects on grain volume weight and brown volume weight, respectively. In the second-crop season, the cattle manure had better effects on plant height, panicle length, panicle weight of rice than other organic fertilizers. The pea residue and pig manure had better effects on grain volume weight and brown volume weight, respectively.
2.In the first-crop season, the pig manure had better effects on yield and grain numbers per panicle of rice than other organic fertilizers. In the second-crop season, the cattle manure had better yield of rice than other organic fertilizers.
3.In the first-crop season, the pig manure had higher percentage of brown rice, the chemical fertilizers had higher percentage of milled and head rice than other organic fertilizers. In the second-crop season, there were on unanimous results in milling quality.
4.In the first-crop season, there were on unanimous results in grain appearance. In the second-crop season, the chemical fertilizers had better translucency, the cattle manure had fewer white center than other organic fertilizers.
5.In the first-crop season, the chemical fertilizers and pea residue had lower amylose and crude protein content of milled rice than other organic fertilizers, respectively. The bean residue had longer gel consistency than other organic fertilizers. In the second-crop season, the cattle manure and pea residue had lower amylose and crude protein content of milled rice than organic fertilizers, respectively. The chemical fertilizer had longer gel consistency than other organic fertilizers.
However, the pig manure had best effect on rice yield and agronomic characteristics than others fertilizers in the first-crop season, while the cattle manure had best effect on rice yield and agronomic characteristics than others fertilizers in the second-crop season. There were no unanimous results in milling quality, grain appearance and chemical properties.

目 錄 頁次
表 目 錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅱ
圖 目 錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅴ
前 言．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
　　
前人研究．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
材料與方法．．．．．．．．．．．．10
結 果．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
討 論．．．．．．．．．．．．．79
中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．87
英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．89
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．91
Contents of tables page
Table 1. The chemical components of organic fertilizers used.-------------------11
Table 2. Combined ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the agronomic
characteristics(2000~2001).-------------------------------------------------21
Table 3. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on agronomic
characteristicsof the first crop season (2000~2001). --------------------24
Table 4. The agronomic characteristics of different organic
fertilizers the first-crop season (2000~ 2001).--------------------------25
Table 5. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on agronomic
Characteristics of the first-crop season(2000 ~ 2001).----------------- 28
Table 6. The agronomic characteristics of different organic
fertilizers of the second-crop season (2000~2001).--------------------29
Table 7. Combined ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on
the yield and its components (2000~2001).------------------------------31
Table 8. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the yield
and its components of the first crop season (2000 ~ 2001). ------------34
Table 9. The yield and its components of different organic
fertilizers of the first crop season(2000 ~ 2001).------------------------ 35
Table 10. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the yield and
its components of the second crop season (2000 ~ 2001). -----------38
Table 11. The yield and its components of different organic
fertilizers of the second crop season(2000 ~ 2001).-----------------39
Table 12. Combined ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on
51.1hemilling quality (2000~2001).--------------------------------------41 Table 13. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the milling p season
(2000~2001).------------------------------------------------------------------43
Table 14. The milling quality of different organic fertilizers
of the first-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).---------------------------- -----44
Table 15. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the milling
quality of the second-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).--------------------- 47
Table 16. The milling quality of different organic fertilizers
of the second-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).-------------------------------48
Table 17. Combined ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on
the rice grain appearance (2000~2001).----------------------------------51
Table 18. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the rice
grain appearance of the first-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).------------ -53
Table 19. The rice grain appearance of different organic
fertilizers of the first-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).----------------- ------54
Table 20. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the rice
grain appearance of the second-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).----------- 57
Table 21. The rice grain appearance of different organic
fertilizers of the second-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).----------------- -58
Table 22. Combined ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on
the grain chemical properties (2000~2001).-----------------------------62
Table 23. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the grain
chemical properties of the first-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).-----------65
Table 24. The grain chemical properties of different organic
fertilizers of the first-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).----------------- ------66
Table 25. ANOVA for organic fertilizers’ effect on the grain
chemical properties of the second-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).-------- 69
Table 26. The grain chemical properties of different organic
fertilizers of the second-crop season (2000 ~ 2001).----------------- -70
Table 27. Correlation coefficients among growth characteristics
of rice with various fertilizer treatments during the first
and second crop season.----------------------------------------------------75
Table 28. The chemical characters of the soil before treatment.------------------77
Table 29. The chemical characters of the soil after treatment.--------------------78
Contents of figures page
Fig 1. Percentage of milled rice of different organic matter between
varieties of the first crop season in 2000 and the second crop
season in 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------- 49
Fig 2. Translucency of different organic matter between varieties
of the first crop season in 2000 and the second crop
season in 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------59
Fig 3. White dorsum of different organic matter between varieties
of the first crop season in 2000 and the second crop
season in 2001 ------------------------------------------------------------- 60
Fig 4. Amylose content of different organic matter between varieties
of the first crop season in 2000 and the second crop
season in 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------- 71
Fig 5. Protein content of different organic matter between varieties of
the first crop season in 2000 and the second crop season in 2001 ---72
Fig 6. Gel consistency content of different organic matter between
varieties of the first crop season in 2000 and the second crop
season in 2001 --------------------------------------------------------------73

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