臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

管液壓成形為一具有輕量化與一體化特徵之新興成形技術，本研究以T型管為研究對象，採共軛梯度法結合有限元素模擬進行管液壓成形負載條件之最佳化研究，並以成形過程中所需加載之壓力與軸向進給為設計變數，成功建立一針對T型管液壓成形負載最佳化之程式模組，經文獻驗證後證明此模組具有相當可行性，其中以成形管件的厚度均勻性與幾何精度誤差形成最佳化中之目標函數，依觀點上的不同將最佳化分為批次式與循序式兩種，分別進行最佳化以獲得擁有最佳成形品質時之成形負載曲線，並將二者結果進行比較之後，發現循序式最佳化因考慮各階段間之關聯性，針對各階段進行最佳化，故可獲得較佳的成形結果。利用本研究最佳化模組所得到之最佳負載條件曲線，將提供相關研究人員在進行管件液壓成形時決定各階段內部壓力參數與軸向進給參數之參考。

Tube hydroforming is a developing technology with advanced features of lightness and unified part. This study used a T-shape tube as investigated target and conjugate gradient method with finite element simulation be used to optimize the loading conditions for tube hydroforming. The design variables are the internal pressure and axial feeding which are necessary for forming process. Program modulus was set up successfully for optimization of the design variables. It has been proved that the modulus is usable. Cost function of optimization was formed by uniform thickness and geometry error of tube. Batch type and sequential type are the optimal strategies in this study. The curve of forming load can be obtained after optimizing. The sequential type has better forming results because it considers the correlation between each step of forming process and each step can be optimizing. The curve of optimal loading conditions which be obtained by this study will offer a reference to researchers for determining internal pressure and axial feeding of each step of tube hydroforming.

摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
符號說明 IX
1 前言 1
2 文獻回顧 2
2.1液壓成形製程 2
2.2液壓成形應用範圍 6
2.3液壓成形基礎理論 7
2.4管件材料對液壓成形的影響 10
2.5液壓成形負載路徑 11
2.6液壓成形挫曲原因 16
2.7摩擦對液壓成形的影響 17
3 研究目的與方法 19
4 系統設定 20
4.1最佳化問題 20
4.2有限元素法 21
4.3最佳化策略 23
4.3.1批次式策略 23
4.3.2循序式策略 24
4.4模擬分析計算 24
4.5最佳化方法可行性的驗證 27
4.6 T型管有限元模型的建立 28
4.7有限元前處理 29
5 最佳化程式模組 35
5.1產生LS-DYNA所需的輸入檔 35
5.2品質特性 37
5.2.1幾何精度誤差的定義 41
5.2.2目標函數的形成 44
5.3最佳化方向的搜尋 45
6 結果與討論 47
6.1批次式最佳化 47
6.2循序式最佳化 52
6.2.1均勻改善幾何誤差 53
6.2.2以批次式所得結果進行循序式最佳化 55
6.3最佳化策略的比較 57
7 結論與未來展望 58
8 參考文獻 60
附錄A 共軛梯度演算法 62
附錄B 有限元素模擬技術 63
附錄C LS-DYNA的輸入檔 64
附錄D 程式模組輸出入檔案 67
附錄E 最佳化方法的驗證 69
附錄F 無限制條件最佳化過程 76
E.1 批次式最佳化 76
E.2 循序式最佳化 82
誌謝 86

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