臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
不論國內、外灰渣再利用於掩埋覆土行為已行之多年，但回顧國內外有關於灰渣的文獻，大多著眼於物理、化學性質及重金屬等方面上，尚無評估此技術對於覆土中甲烷氧化作用的影響。
所以本次研究初嚐以批次及管柱實驗方法，探討添加之灰渣對甲烷氧化之影響；在批次灰渣添加實驗結果中，甲烷氧化能力隨灰渣添加劑量增加而減少。當底灰2％至10﹪及飛灰0.2﹪至0.4％之低劑量添加時，雖不會對甲烷氧化造成正面性的促進效益，但也不會形成明顯的抑制效果；底灰15﹪及飛灰0.6％之劑量添加時，對甲烷氧化都會造成遲滯，且遲滯時間的長短也隨灰渣種類而異；底灰及飛灰分別在20％及2％添加劑量時已完全抑制甲烷氧化作用，兩者相較之下，飛灰對於甲烷氧化菌具有較明顯的抑制性。
在灰渣pH值對甲烷氧化速率之影響方面，仍舊以原土樣pH值做為最佳氧化率的依據及標準，隨之跟進的則是底灰或飛灰添加之pH值範圍在中性附近的7.5-8.5；底灰或飛灰添加之pH值範圍達至9.5左右，雖然開始對甲烷氧化菌影響，但在經過短時間的適應後，仍可進行甲烷氧化作用；底灰或飛灰添加之pH值大於11時，則已完全抑制了甲烷氧化作用的產生。
在管柱底灰添加實驗結果，與批次添加實驗結果大致相同，甲烷氧化潛勢大小分別為0％≒2％＞10％＞15％；管柱及批次甲烷氧化實驗結果，同時指出最佳甲烷氧化潛能位於30cm處。適當的土壤含水量、甲烷與氧氣濃度，可能提供微生物較佳的生長環境，使得甲烷氧化菌的活性較為活潑。在土壤管柱實驗結束之後，土壤氧化甲烷的能力，有明顯提高的現象，此乃指出土壤中的甲烷氧化菌，在管柱實驗期間被馴化所導致的。

目錄
摘要 І
目錄 II
圖目錄 Ⅶ
表目錄 Ⅸ
第一章序論 1
1-1研究動機與緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 研究範疇 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1都市垃圾渣焚化灰渣 4
2-1-1灰渣來源 4
2-2焚化灰渣之基本性質 6
2-2-1焚化底灰之物裡性質 6
2-2-2焚化底灰之化學性質 8
2-2-3焚化底灰之溶出特性 10
2-2-4焚化飛灰之物裡性質 12
2-2-5焚化飛灰之化學性質 13
2-2-6焚化飛灰溶出特性 14
2-3甲烷對溫室效應的影響 16
2-4掩埋場概述 17
2-4-1垃圾掩埋場之穩定化過程 17
2-4-2掩埋場氣體的組成 18
2-5甲烷氧化菌的特性 19
2-5-1生理特性及分類 19
2-5-2甲烷單氧氧化酵素 22
2-6甲烷氧化作用 22
2-6-1好氧下的甲烷氧化 22
2-6-2厭氧下的甲烷氧化 23
2-7影響甲烷氧化之因子 25
2-7-1甲烷 25
2-7-2 pH值 26
2-7-3銅離子（Cu2+） 26
2-7-4土壤深度 27
2-7-5氧氣 28
2-7-6含水量 28
2-7-7溫度 30
2-7-8其他 30
第三章 研究內容與方法 31
3-1研究內容 31
3-2樣本的採集及前處理 31
3-2-1掩埋場覆土 31
3-2-2都市焚化灰渣 34
3-3基本性質分析 36
3-3-1實驗儀器及設備 36
3-3-2土壤基本性質分析 37
3-3-3焚化灰渣基本性質分析 38
3-4批次甲烷氧化實驗 40
3-4-1實驗儀器及設備 40
3-4-2灰渣種類及劑量甲烷氧化實驗 41
3-4-3飛灰pH值甲烷氧化實驗 43
3-5模擬掩埋場現場之管柱實驗 44
3-5-1實驗儀器及設備 44
3-5-2管柱結構簡介 44
3-5-3底灰劑量對甲烷氧化行為之實驗 47
3-6氣體濃度分析方法之OA/QC 52
第四章 結果與討論 56
4-1灰渣基本性質 56
4-1-1焚化底灰基本物化性質 56
4-1-2焚化飛灰基本物化性質 58
4-1-3酸中和當量 61
4-1-4毒性溶出試驗 62
4-2灰渣種類對甲烷氧化之影響 64
4-2-1底灰對甲烷氧化之影響 64
4-2-2飛灰對甲烷氧化之影響 67
4-2-3二氧化碳濃度變化趨勢 70
4-2-4灰渣pH值對甲烷氧化速率之影響 74
4-2-5灰渣中重金屬對甲烷氧化之影響 78
4-2-6飛灰pH值對甲烷氧化實驗 81
4-3不同底灰劑量下土壤管柱的甲烷氧化 83
4-3-1管柱底部之甲烷濃度變化量 83
4-3-2管柱縱深之氣體分佈 85
4-3-3管柱縱深之甲烷氧化能力 90
4-3-4 Michaelist-Menten equation 之動力常數 93
第五章 結論與建議 95
5-1結論 95
5-2建議 97
5-3本研究實用性 98
參考文獻 99
附錄一：氣體標準濃度的製作 106
附錄二：甲烷氧化速率之計算 108
附錄三：甲烷氧化之數據整理 110
附錄四：二氧化碳之數據整理 111
附錄五：pH值對甲烷氧化影響 112
附錄六：不同底灰劑量下土壤管柱之縱深氣體分佈 113

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