臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文中，吾人以早期的陽春型單級HPFC電力轉換器為基礎，利用元件移位法及同步切換技術，研究由雙級HPFC演化為單級HPFC電力轉換器的過程，並逐步地拓展至複雜的單級HPFC電力轉換器，從中體會演變的精神。接著，利用元件移位法及同步開關切換技術，設計出天生具有高功因功能的嶄新單級單一開關隔離式HPFC電力轉換器。
針對嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器：(a)作電路分析與說明動作原理；(b)研究其功因特性；(c)探討當負載變為輕載時( 變大)，對於bulk電容電壓之影響。本電力轉換器操作於DCM+DCM模式時，不但天生具有高功因的特性，同時可以避免bulk電容高電壓應力的問題，此為本電力轉換器操作於DCM+DCM模式的主要原因。
確定電力轉換器之操作模式後，使用雙時間尺度平均化法推導電力轉換器之直流工作點及其小訊號數學模式，並利用CIECA法推導數學模式以驗證雙時間尺度平均化法所推導之數學模式的正確性，然後設計電力轉換器之元件規格。除了推導本電力轉換器之功率因數，代入設計好之元件值以驗證高功因的特性外，同時使用IsSpice模擬軟體驗證直流工作點是否正確。
以實作之量測結果驗證小訊號數學模式之正確性，並利用古典控制理論設計PI電壓回授控制器，將輸出電壓加以穩壓。由實作結果可知，加入控制器後並不會影響電力轉換器的功因校正能力，且能夠抵抗負載變動達到穩壓的要求。

In this thesis, a simple single-stage HPFC converter developed at an early stage is used as a fundamental study object. By means of components placement and synchronous switching technology, two-stage HPFC converters can be reduced to simpler single-stage HPFC converters. This developing process can be applied to more complicated single-stage converters. On the basis of studies, we can realize the methodologies of how to combine two-stage HPFC converters into a single-stage HPFC converter. As a result , a novel single-stage isolated HPFC converter with the gift of high power factor is proposed by means of component placement and synchronous switching technology.
As for the novel single-stage isolated HPFC converter, the circuit operation is analyzed and its power factor correction is studied. The effect due to light loads on the voltage of bulk capacitor is also discussed. It is revealed that if the proposed converter is operating in the discontinuous conduction mode, it not only inherently has high power factor, but also avoids to suffer from high voltage stress across the bulk capacitor at light loads. It is thereby the main reason for the proposed converter to operate in DCM+DCM mode.
Having decided the operating mode of the converter, the averaging method for the two-time scale system is used to drive the dc operating point and the small-signal model. In addition, the current injected equivalent circuit approach is also applied to establish the small-signal model to verify accuracy of the former results. Then each component of the proposed converter is designed to satisfy the specifications. In addition to the power factor, system performances and operating point are verified by IsSpice software simulations.
Finally, experimental results are used to verify the accuracy of small-signal model by the illustration of Bode plots. Then based on the classical control theory, a PI voltage feedback controller is designed to regulate output voltage. From the results of experiment, it is seen that the PI controller can be used, without degrading the power factor, to achieve the goal of output voltage regulation despite of the load variations.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 IV
圖表目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1-1
1-1 簡介 1-1
1-2 具功因校正器之電源裝置 1-2
1-3 相關論文回顧 1-4
1-4 嶄新單級高功因電力轉換器之設計 1-7
1-5 小訊號數學模式推導方法 1-8
1-6 控制方法 1-8
1-7 本文架構 1-9
第二章 功率因數之校正 2-1
2-1 功率因數之定義 2-1
2-2 功率因數的實際意義 2-4
2-3 功因校正電路之發展 2-5
2-4 主動式功因校正電路之控制方法 2-6
2-5 連續導通模式與不連續導通模式之比較 2-8
2-6 單級高功因電力轉換器 2-9
第三章 雙級高功因電力轉換器整合為單級高功因電力轉換器之演化過程 3-1
3-1 單級高功因電力轉換器 3-1
3-1-1 BIFRED單級高功因電力轉換器 3-2
3-1-2 BIFRED同源異構之單級高功因電力轉換器 3-5
3-1-3 雙級合併成單級之整合方法的比較 3-8
3-2 具有負回授結構的單級高功因電力轉換器 3-8
第四章 基本電力轉換器之功因比較 4-1
4-1 不連續導通模式之定義 4-2
4-2 降壓型電力轉換器(buck converter) 4-2
4-3 升壓型電力轉換器(boost converter) 4-7
4-4 升降壓型電力轉換器(buck-boost converter) 4-12
4-5 結論 4-17
第五章 嶄新單級隔離式高功因電力轉換器之設計及電路動作原理分析 5-1
5-1 嶄新單級隔離式高功因電力轉換器之設計 5-1
5-2 電路動作原理分析 5-4
5-3 DCM+CCM工作模式 5-5
5-4 DCM+DCM工作模式 5-13
第六章 嶄新單級隔離式高功因電力轉換器數學模式之推導 6-1
6-1 雙時間尺度平均化法 6-1
6-1-1 雙時間尺度平均化法之介紹 6-1
6-1-2 數學模式之建立：切換週期 的平均化模式之推導 6-3
6-1-3 數學模式之建立：線電壓週期 的平均化模式之推導 6-6
6-2 數學模式之建立：以current injected equivalent circuit approach
推導電力轉換器之小訊號數學模式 6-10
第七章 元件規格設計與模式驗證 7-1
7-1 DCM+DCM模式之條件及電感 及 之設計 7-1
7-2 儲能電容 及輸出電容 之設計 7-4
7-3 脈波寬度調變器(PWM)的小訊號交流等效增益 7-7
7-4 電力轉換器具有高功因特性之驗證 7-8
7-5 IsSpice模擬驗證 7-9
第八章 控制器設計與實作結果 8-1
8-1 小訊號數學模式之驗證 8-1
8-2 古典控制器之設計與製作 8-5
8-3 實作結果 8-8
第九章 結論與未來展望 9-1
9-1 結論 9-1
9-2未來展望 9-2
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