臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一般供應鏈主要是從供應者的供貨到製造者的加工製造，再到物流中心，再到零售商，最後才到消費者手上。而當我們增加環保的考量(例如：ISO14000的認證)，或是其他的因素例如：提昇企業的形象進而增加銷售量，發展新方法降低製造成本和時間，延長產品的生命週期，和降低部分設備的設置，…等之因素。企業可能就須在物流體系中再扮演廢物清理、回收再利用、再處理、再製造、再修理、退貨回收、的角色。以達到前述的效益，而關於這樣的流程我們稱它為逆物流(Reverse Logistics)。所以一個完整的供應鏈體系除了從供應商、製造商、零售商、至消費者的正向物流模式外，還必須包含從消費者回向逆流的模式才算是一個完備的供應鏈體系模式。
而本論文主要將逆物流模式加入供應鏈中並以儲存成本、訂購成本、缺貨成本、運輸成本、購買成本、和逆物流投資成本、作為成本目標函數。使用模擬分析的方法，探討一個包含供應商，製造商，物流中心，零售商，和顧客的完整供應鏈體系下逆物流對供應鏈中各個階段成本與時間之影響。

摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------1
致謝---------------------------------------------------------------------------2
目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------3
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------5
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------6
第一章 緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------7
1.1 研究動機-------------------------------------------------------------------7
1.2 研究目的-------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.3 研究範圍與限制-------------------------------------------------------------9
1.4 研究流程------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.5 研究大綱------------------------------------------------------------------11
第二章 文獻探討---------------------------------------------------------------12
2.1 物流與供應練體系的探討----------------------------------------------------14
2.1.1 物流(Logistics)定義-----------------------------------------------------14
2.1.2 供應練(Supply Chain)的定義----------------------------------------------14
2.2逆物流的探討---------------------------------------------------------------15
2.2.1 逆物流(Reverse Logistics)的定義-----------------------------------------15
2.2.2 逆物流的相關運作模式----------------------------------------------------18
2.2.3相關議題之逆物流文獻探討-------------------------------------------------17
2.3 成本模型的探討------------------------------------------------------------17
2.4其他文獻探討---------------------------------------------------------------19
第三章 數學模型的建構--------------------------------------------------------21
3.1 情境敘述與研究假設--------------------------------------------------------21
3.2 模型參數與變數定義--------------------------------------------------------24
3.2.1 供應商的參數與變數定義--------------------------------------------------24
3.2.2 製造商的參數與變數定義--------------------------------------------------25
3.2.3 物流中心的參數與變數定義------------------------------------------------29
3.2.4 零售商的參數與變數定義--------------------------------------------------29
3.2.5消費群的參數與變數定義---------------------------------------------------30
3.3 各階層之成本函數----------------------------------------------------------31
3.3.1供應商之成本函數---------------------------------------------------------31
3.3.2製造商之成本函數---------------------------------------------------------32
3.3.3物流中心之成本函數-------------------------------------------------------33
3.3.4零售商之成本函數---------------------------------------------------------33
3.3.5消費群之成本函數---------------------------------------------------------34
3.4 整體供應練之成本函數------------------------------------------------------35
3.4.1 兩期、前置時間和需求不確定、有缺貨時之(s,Q)訂貨模型------------------35
3.4.2 整體供應鏈之成本函數----------------------------------------------------41
第四章 模型分析---------------------------------------------------------------42
4.1 參數設定------------------------------------------------------------------42
4.2 模擬架構------------------------------------------------------------------47
4.3 模擬結果------------------------------------------------------------------48
4.3.1 模擬一之結果------------------------------------------------------------48
4.3.2 模擬二之結果------------------------------------------------------------54
第五章 結論與建議-------------------------------------------------------------59
5.1 結論----------------------------------------------------------------------59
5.2 建議----------------------------------------------------------------------61
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------62

[1] Barros, L. L., M. Riley, and B. David, 2001, Special millennium issue of the EJOR: A global view of industrial logistics, European Journal of Operation Research, 129(2): 231-234.

[2] Cachon, G. P., 1999, Managing supply chain demand variability with scheduled ordering policies, Management Science, 45(6): 843-856.

[3] Fleischmann, M., H. R. Krikke, R. Dekker, and S. P. Flapper, 2000, A characterization of logistics networks for product recovery, Omega, 28(6): 653-666.

[4] Fleischmann, M., J. M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard, R. Dekker, E. van der Laan, J. A.E.E. van Nunen, and L. N. van Wassenhove, 1997, Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review, European Journal of Operation Research, 103(1): 1-17.

[5] Ganeshan, R., 1999, Managing supply chain inventories: A multiple retailer, one warehouse, multiple supplier model, International Journal of Production Economics, 59(1): 341-354.

[6] Guide Jr., V. D. R., and R. Srivastava, 1997, An evaluation of order release strategies in a remanufacturing environment, Computer Operations Researchs, 24(1): 37-47.

[7] Guide Jr., V. D. R., M. E. Kraus, and R. Srivastava, 1997, Scheduling policies for remanufacturing, International Journal Production Economics, 48(2): 187-204.

[8] Harrington, L., 1995, Logistics, Agent for Change: Shaping the intrgrated supply chain, Traffic & Distribution, 36(1): 30-34.

[9] Lawrence, F. B., 1999, Closing the logistics loop: A tutorial, Production and Inventory Management Journal, 40(1): 43-51.

[10] Lee, H. L., V. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang, 1997, Information distortion in a supply chain: The bullwhip effect, Management Science, 43(4): 546-558.

[11] Love, F. S. 1979, Inventory Control, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., pp.28-31.

[12] Maloni, M. J., and W. C. Benton, 1997, Supply chain partnership: Opportunities for operation research, European Journal of Operation Research, 101(3): 419-429.

[13] Stevens, G. C., 1989, Integrating the supply chain, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, 19(3): 3-8.

[14] van der Laan, E., and M. Salomon, 1997, Production planning and inventory control with remanufacturing and disposal, European Journal of Operation Research, 102(2): 264-278.

[15] van der Laan, E., R. Dekker, M. Salomon, and A. Ridder, 1996, An (s, Q) inventory model with remanufacturing and disposal, International Journal Production Economics, 46(2): 339-350.