臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要

本研究針對機器不可靠及重製製程之生產系統進行其最佳經濟生產批量之探討。此系統為一包含原料、瑕疵品及製成品等多種存貨型態的生產管理系統，當考慮系統內機器不可靠及瑕疵品需重製加工時，則可能因機器的損壞、機器的修復及重製情形之不同，造成批次之生產週期及其相關成本之差異。機器的不可靠性及重製特性將造成批次生產週期的延長；就成本而言，則包含額外的儲存成本、額外的機器整備成本、機器的修復成本及瑕疵品的存貨成本。
針對上述問題，本研究以隨機模式與傳統之存貨水準相對時間變化圖為工具，根據重新報酬理論，建構期望總生產存貨成本及期望生產週期時間模式，以最小化單位時間期望總成本為目標，求得最佳之經濟生產批量。期望總成本則包含原料及瑕疵品兩種生產階段的期望整備成本、各種存貨型態的期望儲存成本以及機器的期望修復成本。
本研所發展之模式可求得考慮瑕疵品且須重製加工之不可靠生產系統經濟生產批量及其相對之最小單位時間總期望存貨成本，研究中發現在假設生產批量為連續下，則單位時間的期望總存貨成本函數可能為凸函數（convex）或片斷式凸函數；而瑕疵品比例、機器損壞間隔時間以及機器修復時間對於經濟批量和單位時間存貨成本會有顯著之影響；另外，在模式推導中雖然使用到泰勒展開式去近似，但誤差值均很小可以忽略不計，因此使用泰勒展開式去近似不但可以免於推導上的困難且非常合適。

目錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
目錄………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ


第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究範圍與界定………………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究方法………………………………………………………………………………3
1.4 研究架構及流程………………………………………………………………………3

第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………………6

2.1 古典經濟生產批量模式………………………………………………………………6
2.2 不可靠生產系統之經濟批量探討……………………………………………………7
2.3 具瑕疵品與重製製程之生產系統批量模式…………………………………………9
2.3.1 具瑕疵品製程之批量模式………………………………………………………9
2.3.2 具瑕疵品製程生產週期之模式………………………………………………10

第三章 經濟生產批量之模式構建………………………………………………………12

3.1 問題描述、假設與參數定義…………………………………………………………12
3.2 生產系統模式分析…………………………………………………………………15
3.2.1 在一批次生產中，無瑕疵品產生………………………………………………17
3.2.2 在一批次生產中，有瑕疵品產生………………………………………………18
3.3 生產批量模式之建立………………………………………………………………20
3.3.1 在一批次生產中，無瑕疵品產生………………………………………………20
3.3.2 在一批次生產中，有瑕疵品產生且必須進行重製加工………………………26
3.4 特定分配下之模式分析……………………………………………………………37

第四章 演算實驗與參數分析……………………………………………………………47

4.1 最佳生產批量之求解過程………………………………………………………47
4.2 演算範例說明………………………………………………………………………48
4.3 參數分析……………………………………………………………………………52
4.3.1 經濟生產批量及其相對的單位時間總期望存貨成本之分析………………53
4.3.2 機器不可靠性與瑕疵品比例關係之分析……………………………………55
4.3.3 誤差分析………………………………………………………………………60
4.4 總結…………………………………………………………………………………61

第五章 結論與未來研究方向……………………………………………………………63

5.1 研究之成果…………………………………………………………………………63
5.2 未來研究之方向……………………………………………………………………64


參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………65

附錄

附錄一、Case 4之期望持有之重製品個數………………………………………………69
附錄二、Case 7之原料、重製品與製成品庫存面積……………………………………70

圖目錄

圖1.1 研究架構及流程…………………………………………………………………5
圖3.1 考慮瑕疵品且需重製加工之生產系統…………………………………………13
圖3.2 模式分析流程圖…………………………………………………………………16
圖3.3 Case 1之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………22
圖3.4 Case 2之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………23
圖3.5 Case 3之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………25
圖3.6 Case 4之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………28
圖3.7 Case 5之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………30
圖3.8 Case 6之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………32
圖3.9 Case 7之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………34
圖3.10 Case8之存貨水準相對時間圖…………………………………………………36
圖4.1 下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對生產批量圖………………………50
圖4.2 下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對生產批量圖……………………51
圖4.3 下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對生產批量圖…………51
圖4.4 不同可靠度下，經濟生產批量相對製程不良率之關係圖……………………55
圖4.5 不同製程不良率下，經濟生產批量相對可靠度之關係圖……………………56
圖4.6 不同可靠度下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對製程不良率之關係圖…………57
圖4.7 不同製程不良率下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對可靠度之關係圖…………58
圖4.8 不同之製程不良率下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對生產批量圖……………59
圖4.9 不同可靠度下，單位時間期望存貨成本相對生產批量圖……………………59

表目錄
表4.1 考慮瑕疵品且須重製加工之不可靠生產系統單位時間總期望存貨成本 值及經濟生產批量值…………………………………………………………54
表4.2.1 精確之單位時間期望存貨成本上界、下界、估計值與誤差值（上）……60
表4.2.2 精確之單位時間期望存貨成本上界、下界、估計值與誤差值（下）……61

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