臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
利用XRD和SEM觀察臺灣西南部新第三紀泥岩中之硫化鐵礦物，結果顯示其中含有黃鐵礦、少量硫複鐵礦和一難以定量之硫化鐵礦物。硫複鐵礦之產狀是由0.2-2 µm晶粒所組成一不規則狀集合體。黃鐵礦產狀則可分為以下四種：(1)莓狀體；(2)不規則狀集合體；(3)結核粒；(4)他形至半自形之個別晶粒。而其中黃鐵礦莓狀體中較粗粒之晶粒以及碎屑來源、產狀為他形至半自形之個別晶粒內皆可觀察到溶解的邊界和坑洞，暗示著黃鐵礦在沉積或成岩環境下並不穩定。另一未知之硫化鐵礦物主要產狀為沿粗粒片狀矽酸鹽，包括綠泥石、伊利石、白雲母和黑雲母之解理間形成長短不一的條狀集合體，晶粒粒徑極細小(<0.5 µm)，少數可能是屬極細粒晶粒所構成之莓狀體，部分片狀矽酸鹽則具有蝕變現象，硫化鐵礦物之晶粒細小與片狀矽酸鹽的成分不單純造成定性定量的困難。
大部分標本僅有黃鐵礦存在，岩象結果中可看到溶蝕十分嚴重，組成晶粒晶界已十分模糊之黃鐵礦不規則狀集合體和晶形較佳，具輕微溶蝕現象，晶粒大小約為1.0-1.5 µm之黃鐵礦莓狀體共存，此二種型態之黃鐵礦為不同期形成，幾乎已成平坦塊狀之集合體乃是第一期自生黃鐵礦經過長時間溶蝕所造成。推斷早期生成之黃鐵礦經溶蝕作用後，提供材料予第二期較小規模之黃鐵礦莓狀體形成。自生黃鐵礦至少有兩期的生長。
僅有一標本中觀察到唯一一個硫複鐵礦，且該標本中亦含有邊界具溶解特徵之黃鐵礦，加上大部分標本中僅有黃鐵礦的出現，這樣的結果顯示硫複鐵礦應為黃鐵礦之後的產物，這樣的推論較能合理解釋新第三紀泥岩之磁極紀錄為何相反於沉積年代之現象，也暗示後沉積作用形成之硫複鐵礦可能在泥岩中是一相當普遍的現象。

目錄

第一章 緒論 --------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 前言 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 前人研究 -------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.3 研究目的 --------------------------------------------- 4
第二章 地質背景 --------------------------------------------------- 5
第三章 研究方法 --------------------------------------------------- 7
第四章 結果 ------------------------------------------------------- 17
4.1 晚中新世岩樣之礦物學與岩象組織 ------------------- 17
4.1.1 硫化鐵礦物 ------------------------------------------------ 17
4.1.2 氧化鐵礦物 ------------------------------------------------ 19
4.1.3 粗粒片狀矽酸鹽礦物 ----------------------------------- 19
4.1.4 其他礦物 --------------------------------------------------- 20
4.2 早上新世岩樣之礦物學與岩象組織 ------------------- 22
4.2.1 硫化鐵礦物 ------------------------------------------------ 22
4.2.2 氧化鐵礦物 ------------------------------------------------- 26
4.2.3 粗粒片狀矽酸鹽礦物 ------------------------------------ 26
4.2.4 其他礦物 ---------------------------------------------------- 27
4.3 晚上新世岩樣之礦物學與岩象組織 ------------------ 27
4.3.1 硫化鐵礦物 ------------------------------------------------ 27
4.3.2 氧化鐵礦物 ------------------------------------------------- 32
4.3.3 粗粒片狀矽酸鹽礦物 ----------------------------------- 32
4.3.4 其他礦物 ---------------------------------------------------- 32
4.4 硫化鐵礦物之產狀 ----------------------------------------- 33
第五章 討論 ------------------------------------------------------- 35
5.1各硫化鐵礦物之生長時序 ---------------------------- 35
5.2探討各硫化鐵礦物與成岩作用之關聯 --------------- 37
5.3 硫化鐵礦物形成機制與地質環境之關係 ------------- 37
第六章 結論 ------------------------------------------------ 39
參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------------- 40
照片 ------------------------------------------------------------ 45

Chou J.T. (1971) A preliminary study of the stratigraphy and sedimentation of the mudstone formations in the Taiwan area, southern Taiwan. Petroleum Geol. Taiwan. 8, 187-219
Covey M. (1984) Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the western Taiwan foredeep. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Princeton, 152 p.
Florindo F., Sagnotti L., (1995) Palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism in the upper Pliocene Valle Ricca (Rome, Italy) section. Geophys. J. Int. 123, 340-354
Hallam D.F., Maher B.A. (1994) A record of reversed polarity carried by the iron sulphide greigite in British early Pleistocene sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121, 71-80
Horng C.S., Laj C., Lee T.Q. and Chen J.C. (1992a) Magnetic characteristics of sedimentary rocks from the Tsengwen-chi and Erhjen-chi sections in southwestern Taiwan. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. 3, 519-532
Horng C.S., Chen J.C. and Lee T.Q. (1992b) Variation in magnetic minerals from two Plio-Pleistocene marine-deposited sections, southwestern Taiwan. J. Geol. Soc. China. 35, 323-335
Horng C.S. and Shea K.S. (1994) Study of nannofossil biostratigraphy in the eastern part of the Erhjen-chi section, southwestern Taiwan. Special Publication of the Central Geological Survey. 8, 181-204
Horng, C.S., Masayuki Torii., Shea K.S., Kao S.J. (1998) Inconsistent magnet-
ic polarities between greigite- and pyrrhotite/magnetite-bearing marine sediments from the Tsailiao-chi section, southwestern Taiwan. Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. 164, 467-481
Hsueh C.M. and Johns W.D. (1985) Diagenesis of organic Materials and clay minerals in the Neogene sediments of western Taiwan. Petro. Geol. Taiwan. 21, 129-171
Jiang W.T., Horng C.S., Roberts A.P., Peacor D.R. (2001) Contradictory magnetic polarities in sedments and variable timing of neoformation of authigenic greigite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193, 1-12
Krs M., Novak F., Krsova M., Pruner P., Kouklikova L. and Jansa J. (1992) Magnetic properties and metastability of greigite-smythite mineralization in brown-coal basins of the Krusne Hory Piedmont, Bohemia. Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors. 70, 273-287
Lee P.J. (1963) Lithofacies of the Toukoshan-Cholan Formation of western Taiwan.
Proc. Geol. Soc. China. 6, 41-50
Lin S.B. and Hsueh C.M. (1979) Clay mineralogy of Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks in the foothill region east of Lungtien, southern Taiwan. Acta Geol. Taiwanica. 20, 109-128
Manius W.G., Covey M. and Stallard R. (1985) The effects of provenance and diagenesis on clay content and crystallinity in Miocene trough Pleistoene deposits, southwestern Taiwan. Petro. Geol. Taiwan. 21, 173-185
Oinomikado T. (1956) Micropaleontological investigation of subsurface samples from seismic survey shot holes in Taiwan district. Symposium of Petroleum Geology of Taiwan in the celebration of the tenth anniversary, CPC, 272-285
Plaster-Kirk L.E., Elmore R.D., Engle M.H. and Imbus S.W. (1995) Palaeomagnet-
ic investigation of organic-rich lacustrine deposits, middle Old Red Sandstone, Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology. 31, 97-105
Reynolds R.L., Fishman N.S. and Hudson M.R. (1991) Sources of aeromagnetic anomalies over Cement oil field (Oklahoma), Simpson oil field (Alaska), and the Wyoming-Idaho-Utah thrust belt. Geophysics. 56, 606-617
Reynolds R.L., Goldhaber M.B. and Tuttle M.L. (1993) Sulfidization and magnetization above hydrocarbon reservoirs. Applications of Paleomagnetism to Sedimentary Geology. SEPM Specical Publication. 49, 167-179
Reynolds R.L., Tuttle M.L., Rice C.A., Fishman N.S., Karachewski J.A. and Sherman D.M. (1994) Magnetization and geochemistry of greigite-bearing Cretaceous strata, North Slope Basin, Alaska. American Journal of Science. 294, 485-528
Snowball I.F. (1991) Magnetic hysteresis properties of greigite (Fe3S4) and a new occurrence in Holocene sediments from Swedish Lappland. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 68, 32-40
Snowball I.F. (1997) Gyroremanent magnetization and the magnetic properties of greigite-bearing clays in southern Sweden. Geophys. J. Int. 130, 704-716
Stach L.W. (1955) Field investigation in southern Taiwan. Unpubl. Report. CPC File, 4p
Stach L.W. (1957) Stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the upper Cenozoic sequence in the foothills region east of Chiayi and Hsinying, Taiwan, China. Symp. Petro. Geol. Taiwan,1956, Taipei,177-230
Thompson R. and Cameron T.D.J. (1995) Palaeomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments in North Sea boreholes: An example of a magnetostratigraphic conundrum in a hydrocarbon-producing area. In: Palaeomagnetic Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production, Turner, P. and Turner, A.,eds. Geological Society Special Publication. 98, 223-236
Wang Y. (1970) Clay mineralogy of the Gutingkeng mudstone, southern Taiwan. Acta Geol. Taiwanica. 14, 9-19
Wu F.T. (1968) Petrographic study of oil sands of the Chunlun Structure, Chiayi, Taiwan. Petro. Geol. Taiwan. 6, 183-195
Wu F.T. (1970) Petrographic study of the sandstones in the Kuantzuling area, Taiwan. Petro. Geol. Taiwan. 7, 229-241
江威德、洪崇勝、Peacor D.R. (1999) 古亭坑泥岩中硫複鐵礦之形成及其古地磁意義。中國地質學會八十八年年會，第174-176頁
洪崇勝 (1991) 台灣西南部曾文溪、二仁溪剖面磁性礦物與磁地層之研究。國立台灣大學海洋研究所博士論文，共324頁。
陳培源 (1971) 古亭坑泥岩及出磺坑地區中新世岩層之黏土礦物成分。中國石油公司委託研究報告，14頁(未刊稿)。
張益生 (1994) 台灣西南部麓山帶上部中新統至更新統砂岩岩象與黏土礦物之分析及其構造意義。國立台灣大學地質學研究所碩士論文，共86頁。
張錫齡、鍾振東 (1957) 台南縣竹頭崎構造之地質。台灣石油地質討論會論文專輯，中國石油公司出版，第237-249頁。
張錫齡 (1962) 六雙層之命名。中國地質學會專刊，第1號，第189-192頁。
鳥居敬造 (1932) 台南州新化油田調查報告。台南總督府殖產局，609號，29頁.
謝凱旋 (1991) 台灣南部新第三紀地層綜合研究—菜寮與半屏山地區地層層序研究。經濟部中央地質調查所八十年度研究發展專題報告，共32頁。