臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文在國道322.5 K油料污染場址浮油回收案例發現浮油回收與降雨相關。每年雨季來臨後皆使浮油回收速率大於前乾季之回收速率。此現象與石油工程注水激勵產油之水攻法類似。以土壤氣體調查、監測井群地下水位分佈及鑽探土樣浮油厚度，描述浮油分佈狀況界定油料污染場址污染範圍。根據氣象降雨資料應用油水相對滲透率及油水置換理論計算入滲雨水置換土壤中油料之浮油回收速率。由油水置換理論計算結果與歷年現場量測之浮油回收速率數據吻合。驗證置換理論在油料污染場址浮油回收之應用。

Oil leakage occurred at point 322.5K of the National Highway in Taiwan and was discovered in March 1998. Since the discovery, free product recovery started and lasted until June 2000. Field data showed that oil recovery rate correlated with precipitation. Every year the oil recovery rate during rainy season is higher than that of the previous dry season. This phenomenon is similar to the oil recovery by waterflooding used in the petroleum industries. The paper first utilized the data from soil boring, soil gas and monitoring well surveys to build a conceptual model which described the hydrogeology and oil distribution of the site. Oil recovery was then calculated from immiscible displacement theory utilizing the groundwater infiltration rate estimated from precipitation records and the relative permeability estimated from the laboratory core experiments. The oil recovery calculated from the immiscible displacement theory was verified by the field observations.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 前言與研究目的
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧及理論基礎
2-1 NAPL之物理性質及LNAPL旱雨季垂直分部之概念模式 3
2-2 相對滲透率及兩相流體分流率 9
2-2-1 相對滲透率文獻回顧 9
2-2-2 兩相流體分流率觀念 12
2-3 油水置換鋒面推進理論 14
第三章 研究方法
3-1 研究流程介紹 17
3-2 土壤樣本水沖排實驗方法 20
第四章 研究結果
4-1 基本資料蒐集 29
4-1-1 油料污染場址整治方法 - 浮游回收 36
4-2 油料污染場址概念模式 40
4-3氣象資料收集 50
4-4 相對滲透率及兩相流體分流率 53
4-4-1 多孔隙介質兩相流體相對滲透率之建立 53
4-4-2 兩相流體分流率之建立 57
4-5 浮油回收預測 64
4-5-1 浮油回收預測之假設 64
4-5-2 浮油回收預測之計算 65
第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論 74
5-2 建議 75
參考文獻 76
附錄一 現場浮油回收量數值
附錄二 場址之土壤氣體GC-PID分析結果表
附錄三 湧砂地層制止夾乾鑽法土壤採樣設備
附錄四 符號對照表

1.盧至人譯, 1997, 地下水的污染整治, 國立編譯館.
2.郭明錦, 1998, 國道322.5K油料污染事件整治工作, 國立成功大學資源工程學系, 期末報告.
3.李振誥,余進利,陳志忠,陳榮華, 1998, 彰化地區淺層地表土壤入滲行為之研究, 台灣水利, 第46卷, 第2期. 12-22.
4.藍慶新, 1999, 應用土壤含油量調查LNAPL之分布, 國立成功大學碩士論文.
5.郭明錦,林正浩,江銘緯,黃東昇, 2000, 國道322.5K油料污染場址整治-浮油回收,2000工業污染防治工程實務技術研討會. 19-30.
6.習良孝, 何志陽, 羅薪又, 宋光中, 2000, 土壤及地下水污染整治標準及處理技術之現況評估, 中興顧問工程股份有限公司.
7.行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所, 2000,廢棄物檢測方法之訂定－土壤污染採樣方法及檢測項目研定，EPA-89-E3S4-03-03.
8.中央氣象局網站（http://weather.seed.net.tw/docs/index.html）.
9.Amyx, J. W., D. M. Bass, and Jr. R. L. Whiting. 1960. Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY.
10.Bedient, P. B., H. S. Rifai, and C. J. Newell. 1994. Ground water contamination, PTR Prentice-Hall Inc.
11.Burdine, N. T. 1953. Reative permeability calculations from pore size distribution data, Trans. AIME 198: 71-78.
12.Buckley, S. E., and M. C. Leverett. 1941. Mechanism of fluid displacement in sands. Trans. AIME 146: 107-116.
13.Fetter, C. W. 1993. Contaminant hydrogeology, Macmillan.
14.Higgins, R. V., and A. J. Leighton. June 1962. Computer method to calculate two phase flow in any irregularly bounded porous medium. Journal of Pet. Tech. 679-683.
15.Higgins, R. V., and D. W. Boley. March 1964. Aids to forecasting the performance of water floods. Journal of Pet. Tech. 1076-1082.
16.Mualem, Y. 1976. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water R. R. 12: 513-522.
17.Parker, J. C., R. J. Lenhard, and T. Kuppusamy. 1987. A parametric model for constitutive governing multiphase flow in porous media. Water R. R. 23: 618-624.
18.Welge, H. J. 1952. A simplified method for computing oil recovery by gas or water drive. Trans. AIME 195: 91-98.
19.Willhite, G. P. 1986. Waterfooding, SPE TEXTBOOK SERIES VOL.3.
20.Wu, J., R. Zang, and J. Yang. 1996. Analysis of rainfall-recharge relationships, J. of Hygrology. 177: 143-160.
21.van Genuchten, M. Th. 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the he hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44:892-898.