臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據歷年觀測結果，發現掩埋場址X自民國87年9月22日開始發生洩漏連續至今。在不同時程繪出地下水氨氮等濃度曲線，觀察污染團（plume）之移行延散行為，發現污染團的濃度最高點（洩漏原點），接近污染團的中心位置。此現象和一般觀察經驗不同，通常污染濃度最高點位在橢圓形污染團的一端。本論文針對此一現象，以考慮移行及延散機制之地下水污染傳輸模式，來研究分析造成此現象之因素。本論文執行延散係數之靈敏度分析探討延散係數對污染團最高濃度點位置之影響。當延散係數由一般之估計值增大至可能上限時，污染團最高濃度點的位置由橢圓形的一端移往中心位置。

摘要…………………………………………………………………….. I
誌謝……………………………………………………………………...II
目錄……………………………………………………………………..III
圖目錄......................................................................................................VI
表目錄…………………………………………………………….…..VIII
第一章 前言…………………………………………………………...1-1
1-1 研究動機…………………………………………………..…..1-1
1-2 研究目的………………………………………………………1-2

第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………….......2-1
2-1 溶質的擴散、延散及移形………………………………..…2-1
2-2 地下水污染移行及延散傳輸方程式………………………2-4
2-2-1 一維的濃度階段變化（One-Dimensional Step Change
in Concentration）…………………………………...2-5
2-2-2 一維連續注入地下水流場（One-Dimensional
Continuous Injection into a Flow Field）……………...2-6
2-2-3 一維瞬間注入地下水流場（One Dimensional Slug
Injection into a Flow Field）…………………………...2-7
2-2-4 連續注入均勻二維地下水流場（Continuous Injection
into a Uniform Two-Dimensional Flow Field）………2-8
2-2-5 瞬間注入二維地下水流場（Slug Injection into a
Uniform Two-Dimensional Flow Field）………………2-9
2-3 延散係數…………………………………………………....2-11
2-3-1實驗室管柱試驗求延散度…………………………….2-11
2-3-2 現地試驗求延散度…………………………………….2-12
2-3-3 縱向延散係數………………………………………….2-13
2-3-4 徑向延散（Effect of Transverse Dispersion）………….2-15

第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………...3-1
3-1 掩埋場址X資料收集…………………………………………3-4
3-2 地下水污染移行延散方程式…………………………………3-4
3-3 延散度之靈敏度分析…………………………………………3-6

第四章 研究結果…………………………………….………………..4-1
4-1 掩埋場址X基本資料……………………….………………..4-1
4-1-1 掩埋場址X歷史…………………………………………4-1
4-1-2 地形與地質………………………………………………4-1
4-1-3 氣象與水文………………………………………………4-3
4-2 氨氮污染團及洩漏污染量之推估…………..……………..4-10
4-2-1 氨氮污染團…………………..………….……………..4-10
4-2-2 洩漏污染量之推估……………………………………..4-17
4-3 掩埋場址X污染團移行延散的模式分析………………….4-20
4-3-1 輸入參數的推估………………………………………..4-20
4-3-2第一次模擬分析結果……………………………………4-22
4-3-3 第二次模擬分析結果…………………………………..4-24
4-3-4 第三次模擬分析結果…………………………………..4-24
4-4 延散度之靈敏度分析結果………………………………….4-27

第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………...5-1
5-1 結論……………………………………………………………5-1
5-2 建議……………………………………………………………5-2

參考文獻
附錄

1.陳志穎，飽和層與未飽和層同步示蹤技術之研究，國立成功大學資源工程研究所碩士論文，民國八十六年。
2.平成股份有限公司，台南縣市南沙崙區域性掩埋場、城西垃圾衛生掩埋場及焚化廠觀測井水質檢驗與土壤分析之調查研究，期中報告，民國九十年。
3.Arya, A., et al., “Dispersion and Reservoir Heterogeneity,” SPE Reservoir Engineering, February, pp.138-148(1988)
4.Bear, j., “Some Experiments on Dispersion,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.66, no.8, pp.2455-2467(1961)
5.Bear, J., et al., “Continuum Models for Contaminant Transport in Fractured Porous Formations,” Water Resources Research, Vol.24, no.8, pp.1225-1236(1988)
6.Brigham, W. E., “Mixing Equations in Short Laboratory Columns,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol.14, pp.94-99(1974)
7.Fetter, C. W., “Contaminant Hydrogeology,” Macmillan. (1993)
8.Fetter, C. W., “Applied Hydrogeology,” 3rd ed.(1994)
9.Freeze, R. A., et al., “Groundwater” Englewood Cliffs, NJ., Prentice Hall, pp.604(1979)
10.Fried, J. J., “Groundwater Pollution,” Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, (1975)
11.Frind, E. O., et al., “The Dual Formulation of Flow for Contaminant Transport Modeling 1. Review of Theory and Accuracy Aspects,” Water Resources Research, Vol.21, no.2, pp.159-169(1985)
12.Frind, E. O., et al., “The Dual Formulation of Flow for Contaminant Transport Modeling 2. Review of Theory and Accuracy Aspects,” Water Resources Research, Vol.21, no.2, pp.170-182(1985)
13.Garabedian, S. P., et al., “Large-Scale Natural Gradient Tracer Test in Sand and Gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts , 2.Analysis of Spatial Moment for a Nonreactive Tracer,” Water Resources Research, Vol.27, no.5, pp.911-924(1991)
14.Gelhar, L. W., et al., “General Analysis of Longitudinal Dispersion in Nonuniform Flow,” Water Resources Research, Vol.7, no.6, pp.1511-1521(1971)
15.Gelhar, L. W., “Stochastic Subsurface Hydrology from Theory to Applications,” Water Resources Research, Vol.22, no.9, pp.135S-145S(1986)
16.Gillham, R. W., et al., “An Advection-Diffusion Concept for Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Unconsolidated Geological Deposits,” Water Resources Research, Vol.20, no.3, pp.369-378(1984)
17.Hoopes, J. A., et al., “Dispersion in Radial Flow from a Recharge Well,” Journal of Geopbysical Research, Vol.72, no.14, pp.3595-3607(1967)
18.Klotz, D., et al., “Dispersivity and Velocity Relationship from Laboratory and Field Relationships,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol.45, no.3, pp.169-184(1980)
19.Lallemand-Barres and Peaudecerf, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Miniéres, Sec 3/4, (1978)
20.LeBlanc, D. R., et al., “Large-Scale Natural Gradient Tracer Test in Sand and Gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts , 1.Experimental Design and Observed Tracer Movement,” Water Resources Research, Vol.27, no.5, pp.895-910(1991)
21.Mackay, D. M., et al., “A Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport in a Sand Aquifer , 1. Approach and Overview of Plume movement ,” Water Resources Research, Vol.22, no.13, pp.2017-2029(1986)
22.Nelson, R. W., “Evaluating the Environmental Consequences of Groundwater Contamination 2. Obtaining Location/Arrival Time and Location/Outflow Quantity Distributions for Steady Flow Systems,” Water Resources Research, Vol.14, no.3, pp.416-428(1978)
23.Nelson, R. W., “Evaluating the Environmental Consequences of Groundwater Contamination 3. Obtaining Contaminant Arrival Distributions for Steady Flow in Heterogeneous Systems,” Water Resources Research, Vol.14, no.3, pp.429-440(1978)
24.Nelson, R. W., “Evaluating the Environmental Consequences of Groundwater Contamination 4. Obtaining Utilizing Contaminant Arrival Distributions Transient Flow Systems,” Water Resources Research, Vol.14, no.3, pp.416-428(1978)
25.Ogata, A., et al., “A Solution of the Differential Equation of Longitudinal Dispersion in Porous Media,” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, pp.411-A(1961)
26.Ogata, A., “Theory of Dispersion in a Granular medium,” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, pp.411-I(1970)
27.Perkens, T. K., et al., “A Review of Diffusion and Dispersion in Porous Media,“ Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol.3, pp.70-84(1963)
28.Sauty, J. P., “An Analysis of Hydrodispersive Transfer in Aquifers,” Water Resources Research, Vol.16, no.1, pp.145-158(1980)
29.Sudicky, E. A., et al., “Field Observations of Tracer Dispersion Under Natural Flow Conditions in an Unconfined Sandy Aquifer,” Water Pollution Research, Canada, Vol.14, pp.1-17(1979)