1. Jarvholm B, Nordstrom G, Hogstedt B, Levin J-O, Wahlstrom J, Ostman C, Bergendahl C, 1999; Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and genotoxic effects on nonsmoking Swedish road pavement workers, Scand J Work Environ Health, 25 (2): 131-136.
2. NIOSH, 1981; Publication No. 00122945 Cincinnati.
3. Timo Partanen,Paolo Boffetta, 1994; Cancer Risk in Asphalt Workers and Roofers:Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 26: 721-740.
4. Pott, P., 1775; Chirurgical Observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the Nose, the cancer of the Scrotum, the different kinds of Ruptures, and the Mortification of Toes and Feet, Hawes, W Clarke, and R Collins, London.
5. Cook, J.W., Hewett, C. L., Hieger, I., 1933; The isolation of a cancer producing hydrocarbon from coal tar, J Chem Soc, 395-421.
6. NIOSH, 2000; “Health effect of occupational exposure to asphalt. ” U. S. Dept of Health and Human Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH.
7. Hick, J. B., 1995; “Asphalt industry cross-sectional exposure assessment study.” Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 10: 840-848.
8. Hatjian, B. A., Edward, J. W., Williams, F. M., Harison, J., Blain, P. G., 1997; “Risk assessment of occupational exposure to bitumen fumes in the road paving and roofing industries.” J Occup Health Safety - Aust nz 13: 65-78.
9. Zhou Q, 1997; Biomonitoring workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in asphalt during road paving, [Dissertation]. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, Department of Environmental Health of the College of Medicine.
10. EPA, 1987; “Locating and estimating air emission from sources of polycyclic organic matter (POM).” Washington, DC., US Rnvironmental Protection Agency, EPA /45014/84-007.
11. Bjfrseth, A., Ramahl, T., 1983; “Sources and Emission of PAHs.” Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Dekker, M, Inc. New York.
12. Dias, J. R., 1987; “Handbook of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons: Part A: Benzenoid Hydrocarbons.” Elsevier, Amsterdam.
13. Hansen, E. S., 1991; “Mortality of mastic asphalt workers.” Scand J Work Environ Health, 17: 20-24.
14. 李文智,Lo, C., Noll, K. E., Holsen, T. M., Tsai, T. H., 1991; “ The dry deposition velocities of ambients PAHs and PCBs”, 第八屆空氣污染控制技術研討會論文集,中興大學,台中:507-517。
15. Bjorseth A. and Ramahl T., 1983; “Sources and Emission of PAH”, Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Vol.1, Merck Dekker, Inc. New York and Basel.
16. Grimmer, G., 1983; “Environmental Carcinogens: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 24: 1581-1588.
17. Blumer, M., Blumer, W., Reich, T., 1977; “Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils of a Moutain Valley, Correlation with Highway Traffic and Cancer Incidence.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 11: 1082-1084.
18. Josephson J., 1984; “Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ” Environmental Science and Technology, 18: 93A-95A.
19. Tuominen J., Salomaa S., Pyysalo H., Skytta E., Tikanen and Nurmela T., 1988; “Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds and Genotoxicity in Particulate and Vapor phase of Ambient Air: effect of traffic, season, and Meteorological Conditions. ” Environmental Science Technology, 22: 1228-1234.
20. Hecht, S.S., 1988; “Potential Carcinogenic Effects of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Nitroaromatics in Mobile and Public Health. ” pp.555-567.
21. Cavalieri E, Rogan E., 1992; “The approach to understanding aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis. ” Pharmacol Ther. 55: 183-99.
22. Klaassen CD., 1996; Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. New York Mc-Graw-Hill Companies Inc.
23. Butkiewicz D, Cole K, Phillips D, Harris C, Chorazy M., 1999; “GSTM1, GSTP1, CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms in lung cancer patients from an environmentally polluted region of Poland: correlation with lung DNA adduct levels. ” Eur J Cancer Prev. 8: 315-23.
24. EPA, 1989; “IRIS substance file.” Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25. Parkinson, P., 1992; “Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, the basic science of poisons, unit 2: Disposition of toxicants.” 5th Ed., New York, Pergamon Press, 114-125.
26. Nisbet, I. C. T., 1984; “ Review and evaluation of the evidence for cancer associated with air pollution, ” Washington, DC, US Rnvironmental Protection Agency.
27. IARC, 1983; “Polynuclear aromatic compounds. Part 1. Chemical, environmental and experimental data.” Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28. Wolff MS, Herbert R, Marcus M, Rivera M, Landrigan PJ, 1989; “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) residues on skin in relation to air levels among roofers. ” Arch Environ Health., 44(3): 157-163.
29. Van Rooij, G. M., Bodelier-Bade, M. M., Jongeneeien, F. J., 1993; “ Estimation of individual dermal and respirstory uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 12 coke oven workers, ” Brit J Ind. Med., 50: 623- 632.
30. Van Rooij, G. M., Bodelier-Bade, M. M., Hopmans, P. J., Jongeneelen, F. J., 1994; “ Reduction of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion in coke-oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to improved hygienic skin protective measures, ” Ann. Occup. Hyg., 38: 247- 256.
31. 林秉如、陳建成、劉年華,1998;土木材料,311-347。
32. 林志棟,1988;瀝青混凝土半合廠生產管制,1-48。
33. 中國技術服務社,1993;瀝青拌合業污染防制技術,台北。
34. USEPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Benzo[a]pyrene. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1993.
35. USEPA, Emission factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 11-1, MRI Project No. 4601-01, 1994.
36. USEPA, Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Polycyclic Organic Matter, EPA-454/R-98-014, 1998.
37. USEPA, Air Emission From Loading Hot Mix Asphalt into Storage Silos and Transport Trucks-Results From Testing Two Hot Mix Asphalt Plants, 1999.
38. Timo, P., Paolo, B., 1994; “Cancer risk in asphalt workers and roofers: review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.” Am J Ind Med, 26: 721-740.
39. Kongerud, J., Gronnesby, J. K., Magnus, M. P., 1990; “Respiratory symptoms and lung function of aluminum potroom workers.” Scand J Work Environ Health, 16: 270-277.
40. Monarca, S., Pasquini, R., Scassellati, G., Savino, A., Bauleo, F. A., Angeli G., 1987; “Environmental monitoring of mutagenic/carcinogenic hazards during road paving operation with bitumens.” Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 59: 393-402.
41. Jarvholm, B., Nordstrom, G., Hogstedt, B., Levin, J.-O., Wahlstrom, J., Ostman, C., Bergendahl, C., 1999; “Exposure to polycyclic aromatic carbons and genotoxic effects on nonsmoking Swedish road pavement workers.” Scand J Work Environ Health, 25: 131-136.
42. NIOSH, 1981; Publication No. 00122945 Cincinnati.
43. M. De Meo, C. Genevois, H. Brandt, M. Laget, H. Bartsch and M. Castegnaro, 1996; “In vitro Studies of the Genotoxic Effects of Bitumen and Coal-Tar Fume condensated: Comparison of Data Obtained by Mutagenicity Testing and DNA Adduct Analysis by 32P-Postlabelling.” Chemico-Biological Interactuons, 101: 73-88.
44. NIOSH, 2000; “Health effect of occupational exposure to asphalt.” U. S. Dept of Health and Human Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH.
45. Hick, J. B., 1995; “Asphalt industry cross-sectional exposure assessment study.” Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 10: 840-848.
46. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 1994;“Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by HPLC.”4ed ed. Vol.1, No. 5506.
47. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 1994;“Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by GC”4ed ed. Vol.1, No. 5515.
48.李文智,1996;“煙道手動檢測致癌性多環芳香族碳氫化合物檢測方法建立與驗證計畫“,工業技術研究院專題研究計畫期末報告。
49.李文智,蔡朋枝,2000;“勞工作業環境PAHs採樣及分析技術之開發”,行政院勞委會勞工安全衛生研究所。
50. Tsai P.-J., Shieh H. Y., Lee W.-J., Lai S.-O., 2001c; “Health-risk assessment for workers exposure to PAHs in a carbon black manufacturing industry” Sci Total Environ, 278: 137-150.
51. Tsai P.-J., Shieh H. Y., Lee W.-J., Lai S.-O., 2002b; “Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of internal dose of PAHs in carbon black workers.” Ann Occup Hyg (In press).
52.薛宏榮,1999;“碳黑業多環芳香碳氫化合物之暴露調查及其健康危害風險評估”,國立成功大學環境醫學研究所碩士論文。53.陳小龍,2001;“高速公路收費站人員PAHs之暴露危害評估”,國立成功大學環境醫學研究所碩士論文。54. John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, and Joseph Damiano, MS, CIH, CSP, “ A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational Exposures” American Industrial Hygiene Association Exposure Assessment Strategies Committee, Second Edition
55. Jongeneelen, F. J., 1990; “Ambient and biological monitoring of coke oven workers: determination of internal does of PAHs.” Brit J Ind. Med., 47:454- 461.
56. Tsai P.-J., Shieh H. Y., Lee W.-J., Lai S.-O., 2001c; “Health-risk assessment for workers exposure to PAHs in a carbon black manufacturing industry” Sci Total Environ, 278: 137-150.
57. Strickland P, Kang D, Sithisarankul P., 1996; “ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine as biomarkers of exposure and effect. ” Environ Health Perspect, 104 Suppl 5:927-32.
58. Pastorelli R, Guanci M, Restano J, et al., 1999; “Seasonal effect on airborne pyrene, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-hemoglobin adducts in the general population. ” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 8:561-5.
59. Sram R, Binkova B., 2000; “Molecular epidemiology studies on occupational and environmental exposure to mutagens and carcinogens, 1997-1999. ” Environ Health Perspect , 108 Suppl 1:57-70.
60. Jongeneelen F, Bos R, Anzion R, Theuws J, Henderson P., 1986; “Biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolites in urine. ” Scand J Work Environ Health , 12:137-43.
61. Jongeneelen F, Anzion R, Henderson P., 1987; “ Determination of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine. ” J Chromatogr, 413:227-32.
62. Bentsen-Farmen R, Botnen I, Noto H, Jacob J, Ovrebo S., 1999; “ Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography after purification on immunoaffinity columns in urine from occupationally exposed workers. ” Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 72:161-8.
63. Strickland P, Kang D. Bowman ED et al., 1994; “Identification of 1-hydroxypyrene as the major pyrene metabolite in human urine by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ” Carcino, 15:483-487.
64. Singh R, Tucek M, Maxa K et al., 1995; “A rapid and simple method for the analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide: a biomarker for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ” Carcino, 16(12):2909-15.
65. Jongeneelen F, Anzion R, Scheepers P, et al., 1988; “ 1-Hydroxypyrene in urine as a biological indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in several work environments. ” Ann Occup Hyg, 32:35-43.
66. Buchet, J. P., Gennart, J. P., Mercado-Calderon, F., Delavignette, J. P., Cupers, L. and Lauwerys, R., 1992; “Evaluation of exposure to PAH in a coke production and graphite electrode manufacturing plant. ” British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49: 761-768.
67. Boogaard, P. J. and van Sittert, N. J., 1994; “Measurement of exposure to PAH in petrochemical industries by determination of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. ” Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51: 250-258.
68. Jongeneelen F., 2001; “Benchmark Guideline for Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as Biomarker of Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ” Ann. Occup. Hyg., vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 3-13.
69. Buchet J, Ferreira MJ, Burrion J, et al., 1995; “Tumor markers in serum, polyamines and modified nucleosides in urine, and cytogenetic aberrations in lymphocytes of workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ” Am J Ind Med, 27:523-43.
70. Jongeneelen F., 1992; “Biological exposure limit for occupational exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles at cokeovens. ” Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 63: 511-6.
71. Rodrics JV, Brett SM, Wrenn GC, 1987; “Significant risk decisions in Federal regulatory agencies. ” Regul Toxicol Parmocol, 7:307-320.
72. Chu, M., Chen, C., 1984; “Evaiuation and estimation of potential carcinogenic risks of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.”Pacific Rim. Risk Conference Honolulu, HI, USA.
73. Clement, 1988; “Comparative potency approach for estimating the cancer risk associated with exposure to mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.”EPA/68-02-44-3., Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
74. Nisbet C., LaGcy, P., 1992; “Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).” Reg Toxicol Pharmacol, 16: 290-300.
75. Petry, T., Schnid, P., 1996; “The use of toxic equivalency factors in assessing occupational and environmental health risk associated with exposure to airborne mixtures of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).” Chemosphere, 32: 639-648.
76. Hussain, M., Rae, J., Gilman, A., Kauss, P., 1998; “Lifetime health-risk assessment from exposure of recreational users to PAHs.” Arc Environ Contam Toxixol, 35: 527-531.
77. Vincent JH, 1995; “ Aerosol Science for Industrial Hygienists. ” First Ed, Elsevier Science Inc., New York.
78.三浦豊彥,齊藤一、狩野廣之,藤本武–多田治,1992;新勞動衛生(4)增補第四版,勞動科學研究所,527-703。
79.趙雯蕙,2000;“瀝青廠排放多環芳香烴化合物之特徵”,國立成功大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。