由於PC之普及與網路時代的來臨，愈來愈多的軟體系統採用分散式物件環境來建構。使用分散式物件導向與主從架構等技術所建構的分散式物件導向系統，具有開放式、模組化、具彈性、與易維修等優點；而其組成元件可視為是一群相互搭配合作的物件導向應用服務程式。因此，分散式物件導向系統可以有效地解決需要大量運算能力的複雜問題，並增加系統使用的彈性。但由於軟體開發過程後期，軟體測試及除錯通常都需耗費甚多資源成本，且一般的分散式系統架構其開放式環境更造成測試變因增多。因此，在本論文中，將針對分散式物件導向系統之架構，利用其軟體開發過程所使用之物件導向軟體開發程序與工具，提出可適用於該架構之測試機制。本軟體測試機制具有泛用性，小至各個元件或模組，大至整個分散式物件導向系統，只要它們都是以類別圖 (Class Diagrams) 及循序圖 (Sequence Diagrams) 的方式來表達該系統的功能與運作，都能運用本測試機制來進行測試計畫。藉由此機制，可達到提高軟體開發效率與降低開發成本的目的。透過本論文之研究成果，可將軟體開發流程與測試規劃合併考量，俾降低測試成本並提升整體開發效率；且可大幅降低軟體上線後因維護及升級等因素所造成的風險與成本。

　　With the popularity of PC and the coming of Internet era, more and more software systems are constructed under distributed object-oriented environment. Software systems constructed with object-oriented techniques and client-server architecture not only have the advantages of accessibility, modularization, flexibility and easy maintenance, but also their components can be viewed as a group of cooperative object-oriented applications. Hence, distributed object-oriented technology can enhance the application of software systems with flexibility and efficiently solve the problems that need complicated computing. However, testing and debugging in the later stage of software development demand great deal of resources, and open-environment architecture of general distributed systems tends to increase the complexity of testing. To resolve the problems mentioned above, this work presents a software testing mechanism that is applicable to the architecture of distributed object-oriented systems by employing the procedures and tools used during software development. This software testing mechanism is generic. It is adaptable to an individual component or module and even the whole distributed object-oriented systems, as long as the functions and operations of the systems can be presented with only class diagram and sequence diagrams. Research results of this work indicate that this testing mechanism enables an integrated planning of software development and testing, reduces testing cost, and improves overall development efficiency.

目錄 i
圖目錄 iii

第一章 緒論 1
　　1.1 緒論 1
　　1.2 應用實例 6
　　1.3 論文結構 7
第二章 理論基礎 9
　　2.1 軟體測試（Software Testing） 9
　　2.2 分散式物件（Distributed Objects） 13
　　2.3 UML 17
　　2.4 物件導向系統發展程序（Object-Oriented Development Process） 19
第三章 供分散式物件導向系統使用之泛用型測試器 21
　　3.1 泛用型測試器之發展程序 21
　　3.2 泛用型測試器之基本需求 23
　　3.3 泛用型測試器所具有之機制及需求分析 26
　　　　3.3.1 使用者案例敘述 26
　　　　3.3.2 Use Case 1：Input UML Diagrams 28
　　　　3.3.3 Use Case 2：Specify Reference Input/Output Data 32
　　　　3.3.4 Use Case 3：Generate Test-Plan Execution Codes 32
　　　　3.3.5 Use Case 4：Analyze Results 33
　　3.4 物件導向分析 34
　　　　3.4.1 Use Case 1：Input UML Diagram 34
　　　　3.4.2 Use Case 2：Specify Reference I/O Data 35
　　　　3.4.3 Use Case 3：Generate Test-Plan Execution Codes 37
　　　　3.4.4 Use Case 4：Analyze Result 38
　　　　3.4.5 Class Diagram of the Generic Tester (OOA) 39
　　3.5 物件導向設計 40
　　　　3.5.1 Use Case 1：Input UML Diagram 40
　　　　3.5.2 Use Case 2：Specify Reference I/O Data 41
　　　　3.5.3 Use Case 3：Generate Test-Plan Execution Codes 41
　　　　3.5.4 Use Case 4：Analyze Result 44
　　　　3.5.5 Class Diagram of the Generic Tester (OOD) 45
第四章 實例應用 46
　　4.1 實例說明 46
　　4.2 實例應用- Input UML Diagrams 48
　　4.3 實例應用- Specify Reference Input/Output Data 55
　　4.4 實例應用- Generate Test-Plan Execution Codes 58
　　4.5 實例應用- Analyze Results 60
第五章 實作與測試 62
　　5.1 軟體實作 62
　　5.2 實例應用 63
　　　　5.2.1 單元測試 66
　　　　5.2.2 系統測試 70
　　　　5.2.3 性能測試 73
第六章 泛用型測試器涵蓋率之討論 76
　　6.1 泛用型測試器的測試效率 76
　　6.2 泛用型測試器對各種測試之支援 79
　　　　6.2.1 單元測試與系統測試 79
　　　　6.2.2 性能測試 79
　　　　6.2.3 使用者介面測試 80
第七章 總結 81
參考文獻 83

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