臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

透過網際網路支援語音服務或稱網際網路語音服務（voice over IP; 簡稱VoIP），已被視為電信產業必然的趨勢。網際網路語音服務能夠提供即時與低價的語音通訊，所以將網際網路語音服務加入現有的電信系統是必要的。而其中，如何將行動電話系統結合網際網路語音服務已成為重要的研究議題。在本論文中，我們提出並描述了數個提供行動用戶網際網路服務之機制。此外，我們也發展了數學分析模型探討其系統效能。
我們首先提出了一個方法，以支援全球式行動通訊系統（Global System for Mobile Communications; 簡稱GSM）用戶在使用者移動的情況下存取網際網路語音服務。在這個方法中，GSM網路和VoIP網路彼此之間相互獨立，網路元件的功能亦沒有大幅度的更動。為了支援使用者的移動性，GSM用戶在改變使用的終端機時，必須明確地執行註冊的動作，以通知系統目前行動終端機之位置。假使這個動作沒有執行，則用戶的受話很可能就會連接至錯誤的位置。我們提出了數學分析模型來探討在無線網路網路語音服務的系統中，因使用者移動所造成的受話錯接問題。接著，根據媒體閘道控制協定，我們設計了GSM-IP系統為GSM行動網路提供網路網路語音服務。在GSM-IP的架構下，GSM網路和VoIP網路彼此緊密的結合，但標準的GSM和MGCP通訊協定卻不需要更改。我們提出了GSM-IP註冊、撥話、受話、斷話和跨系統交遞程序之訊息流程，以證明其架構之可行性。
根據發展GSM系統支援網際網路語音服務的經驗，我們針對一般封包式無線電服務（General Packet Radio Service; 簡稱GPRS）網路提出了網際網路語音服務的機制，稱為vGPRS。在這個機制中，一個新的網路元件「網際網路語音行動交換中心」被提出以取代現有的GSM行動交換中心。標準的GSM和GPRS行動終端機（不需具備VoIP終端機之能力）皆可用來接受即時的網際網路語音服務。vGPRS的方法使用標準的H.323、GPRS和GSM通訊協定來實行，因此現有的GPRS和H.323網路元件不需要做任何的修改。最後，我們描述了第三代通用行動電信服務系統的all-IP方法。這個方法結合了無線與IP的技術，以提供第三代行動用戶即時的多媒體通訊服務。

Supporting telephony services over Internet Protocol (IP) network or the so called voice over IP (VoIP) is considered as a promising trend in telecommunication business. VoIP services can provide real-time and low-cost voice communications over the IP network. Thus, incorporating VoIP servicesinto the existing telecommunication system is essential. Particularly,
integrating mobile phone services with VoIP becomes an mportant research issue. In this dissertation, we propose and describe several mechanisms to provide VoIP services for mobile subscribers, and develop analytic models to investigate their performance.
We first propose an approach to enable Global System
for Mobile Communications (GSM) subscribers to access VoIP services. In this approach, a subscriber can use a GSM mobile station (MS) or a VoIP-capable terminal. To support user mobility, when a subscriber switches from one type of terminal to another, he needs to explicitly register the terminal he uses and the location of the terminal. If the subscriber forgets to take this action, call deliveries to the subscriber may be mis-routed. We propose an analytic model
to study the mis-routing problem caused by user mobility in the wireless VoIP system. Then based on the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP), we propose GSM-IP, a VoIP service for GSM mobile network. In the GSM-IP architecture, the GSM and VoIP networks are tightly integrated without modifying the standard GSM and MGCP protocols. The message flows for GSM-IP registration, call origination, call delivery, call release and inter-system handoff procedures are presented to show the feasibility of integrating GSM with the MGCP-based VoIP network.
Based on our experience of GSM support for VoIP , we propose vGPRS, a VoIP mechanism for General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. In this approach, a new network called VoIP mobile switching center (VMSC) is introduced to replace the standard GSM MSC. Both standard GSM and GPRS MSs which need not equipped with the VoIP terminal capabilities can be used to receive real-time VoIP service. The vGPRS approach is implemented using
standard H.323, GPRS and GSM protocols. Thus, existing GPRS and H.323 network elements are not modified. Finally, we describe the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) all-IP approach for third generation (3G) mobile systems, which integrates the wireless and IP technologies to provide real-time multimedia communications for 3G subscribers.

1. Introduction
1.1 VoIP Protocols
1.2 Mobile Technologies
1.3 Motivation and Dissertation Organization
2. Modeling Mis-routing Calls Due User Mobility in Wireless VoIP
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Analytic Model
2.3 Numerical Results
2.4 Conclusions
3. GSM-IP: A VoIP Service for Mobile Network
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The GSM-IP Architecture
3.3 GSM-IP Message Flows
3.4 Conclusions
4. vGPRS: A Mechanism for Voice over GPRS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 vGPRS Network Architecture
4.3 Registration
4.4 The MS Call Origination
4.5 The MS Call Termination
4.6 Comparing vGPRS and 3G TR21.978
4.7 Conclusions
5. All-IP Approach for Third Generation Mobile Networks
5.1 Introduction
5.2 All-IP Core Network Nodes
5.3 Registration and Call Control
5.4 Efficiency of IP Packet Delivery
5.5 Summary
6. Conclusions and Future Work
6.1 Summary
6.2 Future Work

1. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network; Feasibility Technical Reprot -- CAMEL Control of VoIP Services. Technical Report {3G TR 21.978 version 3.0.0}, {3GPP}, 1999.
2. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and Systems Aspects; Architectural for an All IP Network. Technical Report 3G TR 23.922 version 1.0.0 (1999-10), 1999.
3. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Core Network; Subscriber Data Management; Stage 2. Technical Specification 3G TS 23.016 version 4.0.0 (2001-03)}, 2001.
4. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; UTRAN Iu Interface User Plane Protocols. Technical Specification 3G TS 25.415 version 4.1.0 (2001-06)}, 2001.
5. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; UTRAN Overall Description}. Technical Specification 3G TS 25.401 version 4.1.0 (2001-06), 2001.
6. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group RAN 3; Handovers for real-time services from PS domain. Technical Report {3G TR 25.936 version 4.0.1}, {3GPP}, 2001.
7. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Series and System Aspects; Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL); Service Description (Stage 1). Technical Specification 3G TS 22.078, Version 5.1.0 (2001-01), 2001.
8. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and Systems Aspects; End-to-End QoS Concept and Architecture. Technical Specification 3G TS 23.207 version 5.0.0 (2001-06), 2001.
9. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and Systems Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service Description; Stage 2}. Technical Specification 3G TS 23.060 version 4.1.0 (2001-06)}, 2001.
10. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and Systems Aspects; IP Multimedia Subsystem Stage 2}. Technical Specification 3G TS 23.228 version 5.1.0 (2001-06)}, 2001.
11. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and Systems Aspects; Network Architecture}. Technical Specification 3G TS 23.002 version 5.3.0 (2001-06)}, 2001.
12. American National Standard for Telecommunications - Signaling System Number 7: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part, Issue 2 Rev. 2}. Technical Report {ANSI T1.113}, {ANSI}, 1992.
13. American National Standard for Telecommunications - Signaling System Number 7: Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP), Issue 2 Rev. 2. Technical Report {ANSI T1.114}, {ANSI}, 1992.
14. Arango, M., Dugan, A., Elliott, I., Huitema, C., Pickett, S. Media Gateway Control Protocol}. RFC 2705, Internet Engineering Task Force, 1999.
15. Bos, L., and Leroy, S. Toward an All-IP-based UMTS System Architecture. IEEE Network, 15(1):36-45, 2001.
16. Cho, Y.-J., Lin, Y.-B., and Rao, C.-H. Reducing the Network Cost of Call Delivery to GSM Roamers. IEEE Network Magazine, 11(5):19-25, September/October 1997.
17. Cuervo, F., Greene, N., Huitema, C., Rayhan, A., Rosen, B., Segers, J. Megaco Protocol. draft-ietf-megaco-protocol-08.txt, Internet Engineering Task Force}, 2000.
18. Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON): Description of Technical Issues. Technical Report {TR 101 300 V1.1.5}, {ETSI}, 1998.
19. Mobile Radio Interface Layer 3 Specification. Recommendation GSM 04.08, ETSI, 1993.
20. European Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); GPRS Base Station System (BSS) - Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Interface; Gb Interface Layer 1. Recommendation GSM 08.14 Version 6.0.0, ETSI,1997.
21. ETSI/TC. GPRS Service description Stage 2. Recommendation GSM GSM 03.60 Version 7.0.0 (Phase 2+)}, ETSI, 1998.
22. ETSI/TC. GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp Interface. Recommendation GSM GSM 09.60 Version 7.0.0 (Phase 2+), ETSI, 1998.
23. ETSI/TC. Mobile Application Part (MAP) Specification, Version 7.3.0. Recommendation GSM 09.02, ETSI, 2000.
24. Granberg, O. GSM on the Net. Ericsson Review, (4):184-191, 1998.
25. Hamdi, M., et al. Voice Service Interworking for PSTN and IP Networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, pages 104-111, May 1999.
26. Handley, M., et al. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol. IETF RFC 2543, August 2000.
27. Holma, H., and Toskala, A. (edited). WCDMA for UMTS. John Wiley \& Sons, 2000.
28. ITU. Call Signalling Protocols and Media Stream Packetization for Packet Based Multimedia Communication Systems. ITU-T H.225 (Version 3), International Telecommunication Union, 1998. {ITU}.
29. ITU. Packet-based Multimedia Communications Systems. ITU-T H.323, Version 3, International Telecommunication Union}, 1999.
30. ITU. Gateway Control Protocol. ITU-T H.248, International Telecommunication Union, 2000.
31. ITU-T. Operations and Quality of Service Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT). ITU-T, 1993.
32. Liao, M., Qaddoura, E., Wurch, D. SS7-TCAP/IP Interworking. draft-liao-ss7-tcap-ip-00.txt, Internet Engineering Task Force}, 1999.
33. Lin, Y.-B., and Chlamtac, I. Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures. John Wiley \& Sons, 2001.
34. Lin, Y.-B. and DeVries S.K. PCS Network Signaling Using SS7. IEEE Personal Commun. Mag., pages 44-55, June 1995.
35. Lin, Y.-B. and Lin, P. Performance Modeling of Location Tracking Systems. ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 2(3):24-27, 1998.
36. Lin, Y.-B., Haung, Y.-R., Chen, Y.-K., and Chlamtac, I. Mobility Management: From GPRS to UMTS. Wireless Communiations and Mobile Computing, 1(4):339-360, 2001.
37. Loughney, J., Sidebottom, G., Mousseau, G. and Lorusso, L. SS7 SCCP-User Adaptation Layer (SUA). draft-ietf-sigtran-sua-00.txt, Internet Engineering Task Force}, 2000.
38. Ong, L., Rytina, I., Garcia, M., Schwarzbauer, H., Coene, L., Lin, H., Juhasz, I., Holdrege, M., Sharp, C. Framework Architecture for Signaling Transport. RFC 2719, Internet Engineering Task Force, 1999.
39. Rao, H. C.-H., Lin, Y.-B., and Chou, S.-L. iGSM: VoIP Service for Mobile Networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 4(38):62-69, 2000.
40. Rao, Herman C.-H., Lin, Y.-B. and Chou, S.-L. iGSM: VoIP Service for Mobile Network. IEEE Communications Magazine, pages 62-69, April 2000.
41. Schulzrinne, H., and Rosenberg, J. The IETF Internet Telephony Architecture. IEEE Communications Magazine, pages 18-23, May 1999.
42. Schulzrinne, H., et al. RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications. IETF RFC 1889, January 1996.
43. Svanbro, K. Voice over IP over Wireless: Performance and Principles. Contact: krister.svanbro@epl.ericsson.se.
44. UMTS Forum. Enabling UMTS/Third Generation Services and Applications. Technical Report, UMTS, 2000. see www.umts-forum.org.
45. UMTS Forum. Shaping the Mobile Multimedia Future - An Extended Vision from the UMTS Forum. UMTS, 2000. see www.umts-forum.org.
46. UMTS Forum. The UMTS Third Generation Market -- Structuring the Service Revenues Opportunities}. UMTS, 2000. see www.umts-forum.org.