臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

揮發性有機物於土壤中的宿命與傳輸與其氣相吸持之行為息息相關，但大多數的研究多側重於土壤含水率對土壤吸持非極性化合物的影響。因此於本研究中發展一吸持模式，使吾人可同時考慮溫度及土壤含水率對土壤吸持揮發性有機物的影響。本研究是以批次之方式，選用乙月青、甲苯、三氯乙烯及四氯乙烯在溫度於0℃、10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃，土壤含水率於0%、1.1%、2.3%、3.4%、5.8%、11.4% 之條件下，進行氣相吸持實驗；而本研究以HP 5890配備火焰離子偵檢器之氣象層析儀進行定量分析，最後將所得之氣/固相分配係數以多變量分析之方法進行迴歸。結果顯示較高之溫度及土壤含水率對新竹土吸持揮發性有機物有負面之影響。本研究亦將氣/固相分配係數、溫度及土壤含水率進行擬合，得一相關係數大於0.955之模式，而該模式可為吾人預測揮發性有機物於不飽和層中的傳輸，提供吸持相關行為之預測。

Although the fate and transport of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soils heavily depend on their vapor-phase sorptive behavior, most studies involving the sorption of VOCs have focused only on soil moisture and nonpolar compounds. Therefore, this work presents a nevel sorption model that simultaneously considers temperature and soil moisture can be developed. To do so, the sorption experiments are carried out using a batch-equilibrium apparatus. Next, vapor-sorption of acetonitrile, toluene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene are determined at five temperature conditions ranging from 0 to 40oC and six soil moisture conditions ranging from 0 to 11.4%. Additionally, a Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II GC-FID is employed in analysis of VOCs. Moreover, an ANOVA statistical evaluation of adsorption data for organic vapors on Hsinchu soil is conducted. In this study ,the results indicate that higher soil moisture and temperature affect the VOCs adsorption by decreasing the retention of these compounds on Hsinchu soil. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model predicts the partition coefficient of VOCs from vapor phase to soil surface within an accuracy of 0.955 for the relation coefficient value. Furthermore, the proposed model can accurately estimate the sorptive behavior, thus providing further insight into the transport of VOCs in the vadose zones.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
符號說明 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 揮發性有機物之來源 4
2.1.1 地下儲油槽或管線洩漏 4
2.1.2 工業製程的使用 5
2.2 揮發性有機物之危害性及法規管制標準 7
2.2.1 揮發性有機物之危害 7
2.2.2 揮發性有機物法規管制標準 7
2.3 土壤特性對吸附之影響 10
2.3.1 土壤組成 10
2.3.2 礦物類型對吸附之影響 11
2.3.3 土壤有機質對吸附之影響 15
2.4 吸附質（SORBATE）差異對氣相吸附之影響 17
2.5 相對濕度及土壤含水率對氣相吸附之影響 18
2.6 溫度對氣相吸附之影響 20
2.8 吸附機制探討 24
2.9 揮發性有機物於不飽和含水層之傳輸 31
2.9.1 揮發性有機物於不飽和含水層之傳輸機制 31
2.9.2 揮發性有機物於不飽和含水層之擴散傳輸 32
2.10 氣相吸附於熱力學上之研究 34
第三章 實驗方法 36
3.1 實驗內容概述 36
3.2 吸附質與吸附劑之基本特性 38
3.2.1 吸附質之選定 38
3.2.2 吸附劑之選定與基本分析 39
3.3 實驗裝置 40
3.4 實驗參數設計 41
3.5 分析方法 42
3.5.1 氣相揮發性有機物分析方法 43
3.5.2 土壤吸附之揮發性有機物分析方法 44
3.6 品質保證與品質管制（QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL） 45
3.6.1 土壤吸附之揮發性有機物檢量線製備與確認 45
3.6.2 吸附瓶中氣相揮發性有機物檢量線製備與確認 46
3.6.3 方法偵測極限之建立 47
3.6.4 空白樣品分析 48
3.6.5 重複樣品分析與再現性討論 48
3.6.6 添加樣品分析之準確性探討 48
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1 基本分析 50
4.2 土壤吸附揮發性有機物之模擬 53
4.3 溫度對於吸附之影響 56
4.4 土壤含水率對土壤吸附揮發性有機物之影響 60
4.5 土壤含水率對於揮發性有機物於氣相與土壤吸附相間之氣/固相分配係數之影響 65
4.6 環境溫度對於揮發性有機物與土壤間氣/固相分配係數之影響 71
4.7 變異數分析（ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE, ANOVA） 81
第五章 結論與建議 94
5.1 結論 94
5.2 建議事項 95
參考文獻 97
附錄A F分配之百分位點 103
附錄B 有機物蒸汽壓表 105
附錄C SPSS運算結果 108
附錄D 口試委員建議事項表 116

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