臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文發展出一套可應用於交通監測之即時影像追蹤系統。為了實現影像追蹤的即時性，文中設計一影像前置處理卡及影像擷取卡，可達成每秒60個圖場(frame)之320 240像素CCD影像邊緣抽取。配合主動式輪廓模型及卡曼濾波器技術，成功發展出一套即時影像追蹤系統，達成即時追蹤車輛之目的。本論文已完成即時取得二項交通資訊的研究，一為交通參數如車速、車輛數目、車輛密度…等，二為即時車輛碰撞意外之偵測。我們以播放路況影像驗證追蹤車輛及機車的效果。另一方面，於實驗室中建構一模擬路況利用CCD擷取影像，驗證即時偵測車禍發生的功效。

In this thesis, we developed of a traffic monitoring　system based on real-time image tracking. To realize the real-time image tracking system, we successfully developed an image grabbing card and an image processing card. These image card together with an industrial PC (IPC) construct a stand-alone vision system for traffic monitoring. Frame rate edge detection for 320 240 pixels image can be obtained using the image processing card. Adopting active contour models and Kalman filtering techniques, we successfully achieve real-time image tracking of moving vehicles using the vision system. This system provides two pieces of information of the traffic monitoring based on real-time image tracking as follows: Firstly, the traffic parameters like velocity and numbers of vehicles would be thus acquired. Secondly, the accident detection of the real-time image tracking. The system demonstrated that the real-time vehicle and motorcycle tracking of the broadcasted video of traffic. We established an imitative lane to demonstrate the effectiveness of the accident detection.

目錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖列 vi
表格 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 介紹 1
1.2 相關研究回顧 1
1.3 問題描述 4
1.4 章節描述 5
第二章 系統架構設計 6
2.1 系統架構簡介 6
2.2 交通資訊 7
2.3 影像擷取及即時前置影像處理單元架構 8
2.4 影像追蹤法則系統架構 10
第三章 即時影像處理單元 11
3.1 即時影像處理單元 11
3.2 影像擷取模組 14
3.3 I2C-Bus介面設計 15
3.4 影像擷取控制電路 18
3.5 背景移除控制電路 19
3.6 影像邊緣偵測法則設計及控制電路設計 20
3.6.1　邊緣影像運算處理單元 23
3.6.2　運算資料匯集單元 25
3.6.3　邊緣影像輸出單元 27
3.7 PCI-Bus介面設計 28
第四章 影像追蹤法則設計 32
4.1 簡介 32
4.2 初始輪廓模型建立 32
4.2.1　初始追蹤設定 32
4.2.2　主動式輪廓模型 39
4.2.3　曲線特徵點搜尋 38
4.2.4　最佳曲線擬合 39
4.3 動態追蹤模型 44
4.3.1　動態預測模型 44
4.3.2　主動式輪廓模型、特徵點搜尋及最佳曲線擬合 48
4.3.3　動態輪廓追蹤 49
4.4 車禍偵測法則 53
第五章 實驗結果 58
5.1 前置影像處理結果 58
5.2 初始輪廓成長 60
5.3 車輛動態追蹤 62
5.4 即時多車道車輛追蹤 66
5.5 即時機車追蹤 69
5.6 交通參數效能與評估 71
5.7 車禍發生偵測 73
第六章 結論與未來展望 80
6.1 結論 80
6.2 未來展望 80
參考文獻 82

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