在網際網路興盛，電子商務逐漸昂頭的世紀，資訊傳遞的成本降低，在各式的物流，資訊流…中，對於網路付款機制所處理的金流，已有許多的建議和方案以及相關的實驗和產品(如:Millicent，Ecash…等等)的提出，但對於現金的e化，以及在實際生活中使用現金的習慣，諸如人際之間的現金給付的行為，應如何在網際網路和使用相關的資訊技術和工具作一個對應的詮釋？
本篇”以智慧卡建構網際網路人際間支付之小額付款系統”，其目的在於提供使用者利用安全的硬體設施--智慧卡，在網際網路中詮釋現實生活對於小量現金使用的行為。本系統由使用者在仲介者處申請與註冊，並取得仲介者發行的智慧卡後，即可利用仲介者所提供的網路服務，對於參與本系統的其他使用者進行電子現金的支付(包含計價和非計價服務的現金支付)；使用者也可以搭配仲介者提供使用者的網路元件(配合仲介者所發行智慧卡與網站應用軟體元件)提昇成為服務提供者( Service Provider )，提供服務給其他的使用者，並藉此以收取小量的付款(如此，也是一種同儕對同儕的服務─person-to-person service)。
本系統在提昇收款實現的時效性(即時性)方面，使用者可以即時的利用所收到的電子現金，不會有時間差的問題，甚而可利用此機制與實體店家的付款機制結合，如此，對於實際生活中，現金的e化會有所助益，也算能改善現今偽鈔盛行的問題。

For the prevalence of Internet , the Electronic Commerce is toward a wide range of application and the cost of information transmission is much lower. For the processing of electronic payment, there have been many solutions and products, such as Millicent , Ecash…ect. How do we know about and provide the implement of related information technology and tools for the processing of person-to-person payment in the network just like the personal usage of money in the real life?
This article explains the current person-to-person small payment mechanism in the Internet and provides a smart card-based person-to-person small payment system. After user’s registration from the Broker, not only can he use the Broker’s Web application for payment. But also the user of this system can become a service provider with the help of web site package from the broker and can accept other user’s payment. Such application is a kind of person to person service.
This article introduces the current person-to-person payment mechanism , ” Paypal” . Meanwhile, this system use the characters of Smart Card’s restricted access and secretly storage and calculation inside the card. This would significantly decrease the chance for hackers to tamper and forge the transaction message, thus provide a strongly security payment system and raise the confidence of the user for paying in the Internet.
At the same time , user of the system can accept money in a real time mode. After receiving e-money , he could use it for the next transaction without any other processing. Besides, we could use the mechanism to combine the physical payment solution, such as the 7-11 or physical store .For the occurring events of money forging nowadays, our system can give a guide for dealing with this problem.

第一章緒論..........................................................................................1
第一節研究動機................................................................................1
第二節研究目的................................................................................3
第三節研究範圍與限制................................................................3
第一項研究範圍................................................................................3
第二項研究限制................................................................................4
第四節研究方法與架構................................................................4
第一項研究方法................................................................................4
第二項研究架構................................................................................5
第三項章節安排................................................................................6
第二章文獻探討..............................................................................7
第一節密碼學.....................................................................................7
第一項加密與解密............................................................................7
第二項對稱鑰加密............................................................................8
第三項非對稱鑰加密.....................................................................11
第四項訊息摘要與訊息認證碼...................................................12
第二節智慧卡...................................................................................14
第一項何謂智慧卡及其類別與優點.........................................14
第二項智慧卡的存取認證模式...................................................17
第三項智慧卡的標準趨勢............................................................18
第四項智慧卡的應用.....................................................................26
第三節電子付款系統...................................................................30
第一項現有的電子付款系統.......................................................30
第二項付款系統的分析評估與分類.........................................45
第三項具防止竄改機制的微付款系統.....................................54
第四項人際間支付之付款系統...................................................60vii
第三章以智慧卡建構網際網路人際間支付之微
付款系統.................................................................................................63
第一節系統概觀..............................................................................63
第二節系統架構與設計..............................................................65
第四章系統實作............................................................................75
第一節工具與開發環境選用...................................................75
第一項智慧卡...................................................................................75
第二項智慧卡讀卡機.....................................................................76
第三項開發工具..............................................................................76
第二節相關系統技術...................................................................85
第一項系統環境..............................................................................85
第三節系統雛型..............................................................................87
第五章結論與建議......................................................................92
第一節結論........................................................................................92
第二節系統比較..............................................................................96
第三節後續研究及建議............................................................100
參考文獻……… …………………… …… … … … … … 101
附錄一智慧卡卡端程式… … … … … … … … … …106
附錄二智慧卡主機端程式… … … … … … … … 108
附錄三仲介者提供服務之程式… … …… … … … … 124

參考文獻英文部分1. Anderson, Ross, Charalampos Manifavas, Chris Sutherland, ”NetCard - A practical electronic cash system”, Technical report, Cambridge University, Computer Laboratory, 1995 http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/168207.html2. Berst, Jesse, “The Check''s in the Email P2P Payments Come of Age”, ZDNet AnchorDesk , Oct 2002 http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/stories/story/0,10738,2635392,00.html3. Burstein, Jeffrey ,"An Implementation of MicroMint", Massachusetts Institute Of Technology , May 1998 http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/burstein98implementation.html4. Cheng, Chang Yu, Kamarazzaman Seman , Jasmy Yunus, "Cryptographic Protocol for Payment Transaction" , TENCON 2000 Proceedings, IEEE 20005. Cox, Benjamin, J. D. Tygar, and Marvin Sirbu ,“Netbill security and transaction protocol”, Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce, July 19956. Chaum, David , "An Introduction to ecash", DigiCash, http://www.digicash.com, 1995.7. Chapman, Davis , “Developing Secure Application with Visual Basic”, SAMS , 20008. Chi, Ellis,”Evaluation of Micropayment Schemes”, HPL-97-14, January 20, 19979. Demaray, Matt, et al., "The Payment Paradox New Opportunities for Value Exchange", Kellogg Graduate School of Management, 200010. Diffuse, "Guide to Electronic Payment" , July 2001, http://www.diffuse.org/payguide.html11. Elliot, Steve, Claudia Loebbecke, ”Smart-card based Electronic Commerce: Characteristics and Roles”, Proceedings of the Thirty-First, HICSS January 1998, pp. 242-25012. e-Payplacehttp://www.e-payplace.com/13. Evans, David ,Richard Schmalensee, "Paying with Plastic: The Digital Revolution in Buying and Borrowing" ISBN: 0262050625 The MIT Press 199914. Fenn, J. , A. Linden , “2000 Hype Cycle of Emerging Technologies”, Garner Technology, T-11-1009, June 2000,http://www.siventures.com/portfolio/ pdf/2000%20Hype%20Cycle.pdf15. Ferreira, Lucas de Carvalho , Ricardo Dahab, “A Scheme for Analyzing Electronic Payment Systems” In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. , Dec. 1998http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/decarvalhoferreira98scheme.html16. Franklin , Carl : Visual Basic Internet Programming, Wiley,199917. Glassman, S,. et. al. “ The Millicent protocol for inexpensive electronic commerce” , Proc. of 4th Int. World Wide Web Conf., December 1995, pp. 603-618http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/246/18. Gabber, Eran, Abraham Silberschatz, "Agora: A Minimal Distributed Protocol for Electronic Commerce", The Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce, Oakland, CA, 199619. Hamann, E. M., H. Henn，T. Schack，F. Seliger, "Securing e-business applications using smart cards" IBM System Journal, Vol. 40, No. 3, 200120. Hauser, R., Steiner, M., and Wainder, M.: “Micro-payments based on iKP”, Technical repor,t RZ 2791, IBM Research , February 1996 http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/hauser96micropayment.html21. Hwang, Min-Shiang, Iuon-Chang Lin, Li-Hua Li, “A simple micro-payment scheme,” International Journal of Systems and Software, 200122. Jones, Russ, "Common Merchant Payment Toolkit Solving an Ever-Growing Need in Alternative Payments", CommerceNet Security and Internet Payments Research, July 200123. Jones, Russ, “Micropayment Architectures”, The NuVantage Group, 200024. Jones , Russ ,"Prepaid Cards An Emerging Internet Payment Mechanism",CommerceNet Security and Internet Payments Research, June 14,2001 http://www.commerce.net/research/ebusiness-strategies/2k1/2k1_10_r.html25. Jones, Russ, “The PayPal Phenomenon： Lessons from the Leading Edge of Online Payments”, CommerceNet Security and Internet Payments Research, 2001 http://www.commerce.net/research/ebusiness-strategies/2k1/2k1_14_r.html26. Joy ,Bill ,"Projects:JXTA Book", ISBN 0735712344 , 2002 www.brendonwilson.com/projects/jxta27. Jung, Wook ,Andrew Kirby,Rajesh Kolluri,Kenneth Shannon,Yeo-won Yoon,"A Comparison Of Electronic Cash Schemes and Their Implementations",ECE 646 AS-3 Group ProjectGeorge Mason University, 199928. Khanh, Quoc Nguyen, Yi Mu, Varadharajan, V. “Micro-Digital Money for Electronic Commerce”, Proceedings of the 13th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC ''97) , 1997 http://www.computer.org/proceedings/acsac/8274/82740002abs.htm29. KILICLI, Tolga , "Smart Card HOWTO" , Sep 2001, http://www.linuxvoodoo.com/howto/HOWTO/Smart-Card-HOWTO30. Faulkner, Lawrence, Mike Watson,"Infrared Data Association (IrDA) Demonstrates Future of Payment Technology at 2001 CES Show", Infrared Data Association ,January 4, 200131. Lee, Hyung-Woo ,Tai-Yun Kim,“Smart Card Based Offline Micropayment Framework Using Mutual Authentication Scheme”, Dept of Computer Science & Engineer , Korea University, 199832. Lilge , Manfred "Evolution of prepaid service towards a real-time payment system", IEEE Intelligent Network Workshop, 200133. Lim, Chae Hoon, "Message Encryptin and Authentication Using One-Way Hash Functions"34. Lüttge, Karsten , "E-Charging API:Outsource Charging to a Payment Service Provider", Intelligent Network Workshop, 2001 IEEE35. Malaba , Amkela N. and Bruce W.N. Lo, “User Perceptions of MicroPayment Methods in Electronic Commerce”, Proceedings of the Twelfth Australasian Conference on Information Systems,2001 http://infotech.scu.edu.au/ACIS2001/Proceedings/Table_of_Contents.htm36. Medvinsky, Gennady , B. Clifford Neuman, "Netcash: A Design for Practical Electronic Currency on the Internet" , First ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ACM Press, 1993, pp. 102-106. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/medvinsky93netcash.html37. N. Asokan Phillipe A. Janson,Michael Steiner, Michael Waidner, "The State of the Art in Electronic Payment Systems", IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,IEEE Computer ,1997 www.semper.org/sirene/publ/AJSW_97PayOver.IEEE.pdf38. Niemi , Peik ,"Electronic payment systems",39. O''Mahony, Donal, Michael Peirce and Hitesh Tewari:Electronic Payment System, ISBN 0890069255 Artech House ,199740. Peirce , Michael , Donal O''Mahony “Scaleable, Secure Cash Payment for WWW Resources with the PayMe Protocol Set” , 1998 http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/228/41. Peirce, Michael, “Payment mechanisms designed for the Internet”, 2001 http://ntrg.cs.tcd.ie/mepeirce/Project/oninternet.html42. Petersen, Holger, "MacPay – Macropayment scheme for Uncorrelated Payments",Entrust Technologies Europe ,1999/12 http://cui.unige.ch/OSG/projects/SmartPay/MacPay.html43. Phillip M. Hallam-Baker , “Micro Payment Transfer Protocol (MPTP) Version 0.1”, W3C Working Draft, November 1995, http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/WD-mptp44. Pilioura, Thomi, "Electronic Payment Systems on Open Computer Networks A Survey" , 1997http://wwwi.wu-wien.ac.at/public/ehandel/45. Pohlmann, Norbert , "Smart Cards: The Authentication Solution For the E-business User",Managing network security, Utimaco Safeware , April 200146. Richard Bondi: Cryptography for Visual Basic, Wiley, 200047. R. Rivest and A. Shamir,“PayWord and MicroMint: two simple micropayment schemes.” Proceedings of the 4th Security Protocols International Workshop (Security Protocols), pp. 69-87, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 1189. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 199648. Schofield, Jack, Victor Keegan and Neil McIntosh, "The hype cycle", The Guardian , January , 2002 http://www.guardian.co.uk/Print/0,3858,4328259,00.html49. Schneier , B. and J. Kelsey , "A Peer-to-Peer Software Metering System", The Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce Proceedings, USENIX Press, November 1996, pp. 279-286 http://www.counterpane.com/meter-pp.html50. Schmidt , Carsten, Rudolf Müller, “A framework for micropayment evaluation “, Berlin Internet Economics Workshop, October 1997http://mmm.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/~rmueller/paper/micro_final.ps.gz. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/172517.html51. Semyon, Dukach ,"SNPP:A Simple Network Payment Protocol", Proceedings of Computer Security Applications Conference, November 1992, pp. 173-179.52. Sin, Derek W.M. and Henry C.B. Chan, "JOBS：Javacard-based Online-ticket Booking System", Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,199953. Stallings, William:Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice (2nd Edition) , Prentice Hall , 199954. Stern, Jacques, Serge Vaudenay, “SVP: a Flexible Micropayment Scheme,” Laboratoire d''Informatique de l, 199655. Sze, Ieong , Chung Ricci :Guide to Smart Card Handbook , Sir Company Limited,199956. Thierry, Michel , “Common Markup for micropayment per-fee-links W3C Working “ , 25 August 1999http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-Micropayment-Markup/57. VerFone Payment Solution , http://www.verifone.com/news/press_rel/html/032201_EHPT.html58. Yang, Chung-Huang, Shy-Ming Ju, and T.R.N. Rao, "A Smartcard-based Framework for Secure Document Exchange," Proc. of IEEE 32nd Annual 1998 International Carnahan Conf. On Security Technology, Washington D.C., USA, October 1998, pp. 93-9659. Weber , Ricarda ,"Chablis - Market Analysis of Digital Payment Systems",Aug 199860. Windows Smart Card SDK On - Line Help中文部分61. 中華電信小額付款收費機制http://www.hinet.net/hiproduct/aaa/aaa.htm62. 全球卡訊 http://www.nccc.com.tw/plan/news/oldnews.htm#oldd63. 李宗政,鍾文榮，"電子金融支付工具中Micropayment機制之交易成本與效率分析"，資訊管理展望第3 卷第2 期，Sep 200164. 李俊岳：智慧卡安全機制之探討，May 2002 http://www.mem.com.tw/serial/2002-2-191/m19102.html65. 汪若文：資訊安全與密碼學的應用，精儀中心簡訊第三十六期，April 2000 http://www.pidc.gov.tw/Publication/Newsletter/no36/p12.html66. 林詠章，"網路服務安全之研究"，朝陽大學，碩士論文，200067. 林明信，"一個具實用性及安全性的線上軟體交易協定"，靜宜大學，碩士論文，200068. 何永顯，"具公平性的高效率小額付款系統"，國立臺灣大學，碩士論文，200069. 邱筱雅，"電子商務中的付款機制：研究文獻回顧與評述"，國立交通大學，碩士論文，199770. 周利欽，翁御舜：智慧卡技術實務─使用Java Card，□峯，200171. 侯克明，"具風險控管的網路認證機制"，中華大學，碩士論文，199972. 徐鵬雲，"網際網路資訊商品交易協定之研究"，朝陽大學，碩士論文，200073. 陳金岳，"交易付款模式之資訊流分析"，國立東華大學，碩士論文，200074. 陳維魁，"單向雜湊函數在數位現金及電子選票上之應用"，國立交通大學資訊工程系，碩士論文，199775. 葉文熙，"預付卡式付費系統─流程、實作與安全分析"，國立交通大學 ，碩士論文，200076. 電子商務導航，第四卷第一期，第二期Feb 2002 http://www.ec.org.tw77. 曹壹登，"多樣化網際網路付款機制之設計與實作 "，國立臺灣大學 ，碩士論文，200078. 薛夙珍：電子商務經濟學，和碩科技，200079. 蔡孟哲：COM /ActiveX 完全實作寶典 ，松崗科技80. 盧銘仁，"信用卡安全交易伺服系統在電子商務之廣用性設計與研究"，中原大學 ，碩士論文，200081. 羅家德，查修傑：電子交易--觀念啟蒙篇，和碩科技，1997