臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

藍芽是一種新的短距離無線傳輸單晶片，主要是設計提供給需要低功率的裝置所使用，因此他可被輕易的整合進 輕、薄、短、小的資訊產品裡，如手機、個人數位助理、筆記型電腦和耳機。其無所不在的無線連結，形成Ad-Hoc的網路形式。而此種由個人裝置所形成的網路形式，被稱為個人區域網路(PAN)。隨著應用服務和網路技術的不斷推成出新，多媒體已成為越來越重要的資訊存取應用，因此，服務品質之規劃與分析將益形重要，特別是在資源與頻寬匱乏的無線環境中。

本篇論文，我們主要探討與研究藍芽的服務品質確保問題，包含Inter-Piconet (Scatternet) 和Intra-Piconet課題。在藍芽網路中，換區(handoff)將是一個重要的問題，藍芽花費很長的時間在連結的建立上，在我們的模擬結果裡，當有七個slaves同時要形成一個微網路(Piconet)時，需要花費達11.84秒的連結建立時間，但即時的多媒體服務，必須快速且有效率的在不同的藍芽基地台間切換，以避免資料的遺失和確保資訊的連續性。

我們提出一個快速且有效率的方法，提供藍芽裝置能夠迅速的在不同基地台間換區，且為了提供即時性服務的資源保留確保，我們亦將我們所提出的機制套用在資源保留(RSVP)的通訊協定當中。最後，我們使用了Bluehoc模組來模擬藍芽網路中的效能評估，包含各種應用程式和MTU(Maximum Transfer Unit)值的模擬。模擬結果顯示，一個微網路中的藍芽個數，大大影響著藍芽的效能，尤其是當slave的個數多到七個時，在都是使用FTP的情況下，其每一個的平均延遲(average delay)將是一個slave時的十五倍。此外，Bluehoc模組利用DRR(Deficit Round Robin)的機制來規劃封包的傳送，其模擬結果顯示，當只有一個slave在微網路(Piconet)中時，其MTU是一千 bytes的效能將是MTU是十 bytes的三倍。

Bluetooth technology is prepared for a single chip implementation and specifically targeted for devices which require low power consumption. This enables it to be integrated into small devices, such as mobile phone, PDAs, Laptops, Headset, etc. The ubiquitous link would provide the basis for small portable Bluetooth-equipped devices to communicate together in an ad-hoc fashion; such a network of personal devices is often referred to as a Personal Area Network (PAN). Along with the development of applications and networking technologies, multimedia are playing more and more important roles in information access. Thus, the Quality of Service issues become more and more important to provide the guarantee service in the low bandwidth wireless environment.

In this thesis, we study the Quality of Service issues in the Bluetooth environment; including the Inter-Piconet (Scatternet) and Intra-Piconet. The major problem for the Bluetooth networks is handoff. It takes long time in the connection procedure. In our simulation, the results show that the connection time is up to 11.84 sec when seven slaves join a Piconet simultaneously. The real time application must fast handoff between two access points to avoid data loss and make the information continuously.

We proposed a fast and efficient handoff scheme that supports handoffs of Bluetooth device roaming between different Access Points. To provide real-time service through the use of virtual circuits, we also present the concepts for the mobile RSVP issues in Bluetooth networks with our fast handoff mechanism. Finally, we use the Bluehoc toolkit to simulate the various scenarios to understand the Bluetooth performance. The various applications and MTU scenarios are simulated. The results show that the amount of slaves greatly affects the Bluetooth performance. Especially when the amount of slaves are up to seven, the delay per slave with FTP service is fifteen times as long as the single slaves. The packet MTU also affects the Bluetooth performance when the DRR (Deficit Round Robin) scheme is used by the Bluehoc toolkit to schedule packet transfer. The performance that MTU are one thousand increases almost three times compared with the performance that MTU are ten.

Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………1
1.1 Significance of the Research……………………………………………………1
1.2 Why Bluetooth………………………………………………………………….4
1.3 Contributions…………………………………………………………………....8

Chapter 2 Background Knowledge………………………………………9
2.1 Bluetooth Links and Packets……………………………………………………9
2.1.1 Bluetooth Address........................................................................................9
2.1.2 Time Slots....................................................................................................9
2.1.3 Physical Links...........................................................................................10
2.1.4 Bluetooth Packets....................................................................................12
2.2 Bluetooth Piconet and Scatternet……………………………………………...18
2.2.1 Link Controller States…………………………………………………...18
2.2.2 Piconet......................................................................................................20
2.2.3 Master-Slave Switch……………………………………………………..21
2.2.4 Scatternet………………………………………………………………..22
2.3 IP Networking…………………………………………………………………25
2.4 Network Simulation…………………………………………………………...28
2.4.1 Ns-2 Simulator…………………………………………………………..28
2.4.2 Bluehoc Toolkit………………………………………………………….30

Chapter 3 Intra-Piconet QoS Issues……………………………………..32
3.1 QoS in Bluetooth ……………………………………………………………..32
3.1.1 Resource Control: Flow Control………………………………………33
3.1.2 QoS Request and Connection…………………………………………34
3.2 Bluetooth Quality of Service Framework……………………………………37
3.2.1 Resource Reservation…………………………………………………37
3.2.2 Resource Allocation…………………………………………………..38
3.2.3 Classification…………………………………………………………39

Chapter 4 Inter-Piconet QoS Support…………………………………40
4.1 QoS in Inter-Piconet…………………………………………………………41
4.2 RSVP in Bluetooth…………………………………………………………..42
4.2.1 Mobile IP and Cellular IP for Bluetooth………………………………42
4.2.2 Handoff Support for Bluetooth…………………………………………43
4.2.3 Proposals for Fast Handoff……………………………………………..45
4.2.4 RSVP for Bluetooth……………………………………………………..48

Chapter 5 Performance Analysis………………………………………51
5.1 Simulation Environment………………………………………………………51
5.2 Simulation Results and Discussions…………………………………………..54
5.2.1 FTP Services in a Piconet………………………………………………55
5.2.2 Telnet and Packetized Voice Service in a Piconet………………………56
5.2.3 Various MTU Packets……………………………………………………58

Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work………………………………60
6.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..60
6.2 Future Work………………………………………………………………………61

References………………………………………………………………62

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