臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
這篇論文提出了一個可行的小波浮水印方法，這個方法的設計理念是希望能從小波次頻帶中較穩定的分佈趨勢來判斷所要擷取的浮水印。浮水印嵌入的方式是根據係數能被修改的能力來修改同一頻帶的所有係數。係數修改方式的設計則是基於數位影像離散小波轉換係數的觀察與實作。
文中並提到各種不同的影像攻擊方式是如何影響影像的離散小波轉換係數及如何從未被破壞的頻帶中擷取出浮水印。另外我們也發現：即使是使用同一種嵌入方式，不同的取出方法會有不同的效果。
實驗結果顯示這個方法的設計理念是正確的，而它的強健性也足以抵抗大部分的影像處理破壞，而我們對小波係數和影像破壞的觀察分析及浮水印的取出策略將可提供未來相關研究的重要參考。

Abstract
A feasible DWT-based watermarking scheme is proposed in this thesis. The scheme is designed based on the idea of extracting watermark from those stable trends of DWT subbands’ distribution. The watermark is embedded by modifying all coeffi-cients of each subband according to their modifiable capacity. The modification of coefficients is based on aspect of implementation and observation on DWT in digital image.
It is also mentioned that how different attacks influence the ability of watermark scheme under similar structure and how the watermark extracted from those undam-aged subbands. In addition, even using the same embedding process, different ex-tracting steps would make different results.
Experimental results demonstrate that the idea is accurate. The proposed method is robust enough to tolerate most of image-processing operations. Besides, the obser-vation and analysis of DWT coefficients and attack behaviors are import reference to relate research work.

Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………1
1.1 Motivation…………………………………………………………1
1.2 Digital Watermarking Classification…………………………2
1.3 Thesis Organization………………………………………………5
Chapter 2 Background…………………………………………………6
2.1 Watermarking Requirements………………………………………6
2.2 Structure of An Invisible Robust Watermarking System…9
2.3 Performance Measurement………………………………………11
Chapter 3 Observation on DWT Coefficients……………………13
3.1 The Range of Haar DWT Coefficients…………………………13
3.2 Base Amount of Modification…………………………………15
3.3 Modifiable Capacity of Coefficients………………………18
Chapter 4 The Proposed Watermarking Scheme……………………23
4.1 Watermark Embedding Algorithm………………………………25
4.2 Watermark Extracting Algorithm………………………………30
Chapter 5 Experiment Analysis……………………………………34
5.1 JPEG Compression…………………………………………………44
5.2 Noise………………………………………………………………45
5.3 Blur and Sharpen…………………………………………………46
5.4 Histogram Distribution…………………………………………47
5.5 Edge Detections and Invert……………………………………49
5.6 Geometry Distortions and Tamper……………………………50
5.7 Summary of Experiment…………………………………………50
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Works…………………………52
References………………………………………………………………53
Appendix……………………………………………………………56

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