臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的為依據Posner, Strike, Hewson, and Gertzog (1982)的概念改變模式發展分析架構以及分析方法，並以此架構來分析國小自然科教科書，以瞭解各版本之教科書內容符合概念改變的情形。
本研究的分析架構分為不滿足、理解、合理以及適用範圍較廣等四個類目，本研究利用此分析架構來分析82年版四個版本之國小自然科教科書，並從中挑選出「光的色散與組合」、「金屬氧化」、「光合作用」以及「晝夜和四季」此四個單元來分析，結果發現：
1.本研究所發展之分析方法具體可行，而分析架構亦通過信度檢定。
2.沒有一個版本的教科書能在四個單元以及四個類目均表現良好。
3.由於「光的色散與組合」、「金屬氧化」、「光合作用」是日常生活上所常見的現象，因此表現較好，「晝夜和四季」的概念較抽象，因此表現較差。
4.在「不滿足」、「合理」以及「適用範圍較廣」類目中，教學指引符合的次數大約佔總和的 ，而課本、習作則佔總和的 ，教學指引的比例大於課本、習作的比例，而且前者大約為後者的兩倍，但是教學指引通常為教師所閱讀，課本、習作才是學生所閱讀，因此教師應能善用教學指引，幫助學生達成概念改變。
5.教科書在「理解」類目表現與其他三個類目以及是否為課本、習作、教學指引沒有強烈的關係，「理解」表現的好壞與教科書的編排及文字敘述有很大的關係，因此在不同版本間將會產生差異。
6.各版本教科書對於文獻中常被探討的兒童迷思概念，均有一定程度的呈現與處理。

This study intends to develop a framework and methodology based on conceptual change model (Posner, Strike, Hewson, & Gertzog, 1982) for analyzing elementary science textbooks (including teachers'' guide, text, and students'' work sheets). In order to understand whether the content of current elementary science textbooks fitting in with the conceptual change model, this study also performed a content analysis by using this framework.
Categories of the framework this study developed are dissatisfaction, intelligibility, plausibility, and fruitfulness. This study selected four units (including “chromatic dispersion and combination”, “oxidation of metal”, “photosynthesis”, and “day and night; the four seasons”) as samples from four editions of the current elementary science textbooks and used the framework to perform content analysis. The results are as follows:
1.The methodology that this study developed is specific and practicable, and the framework has passed through reliability assessment.
2.Not any edition of textbooks can perform best in all four units and categories.
3.Because “chromatic dispersion and combination”, “oxidation of metal”, and “photosynthesis” are the common events in everyday life, the content in these units performed better. The concept of “day and night; the four seasons” is more abstract, therefore the content in this unit performed worse.
4.In “dissatisfaction”, “plausibility”, and “fruitfulness” categories, the frequencies of fitting in teachers'' guides are 2/3 of total frequencies. The frequencies of fitting in texts and students'' work sheets are only 1/3 of total frequencies. These results imply that teachers should carefully read the teachers'' guide in preparing their teaching task.
5.The goodness of fitting in “intelligibility” category does not related to that of other categories. It has no difference among teachers'' guides, texts, and students'' work sheets. However, the goodness of fitting in “intelligibility” category is related to layout, organization, and character description of textbooks. It has difference among different editions of elementary science textbooks.
6.All four editions of elementary science textbooks have handled the misconceptions found in literature of science education to some extent.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………….………….Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………...………………...……………………Ⅱ
目錄……………………………...…………………………………………………...Ⅲ
表目次………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅴ
圖目次………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅶ
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………..1
第一節 研究動機………………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………………4
第三節 待答問題………………………………………………………………5
第四節 研究範圍與限制………………………………………………………6
第五節 名詞解釋………………………………………………………………8
第二章 文獻探討………………..………………………………………9
第一節 Posner等人的概念改變模式……………………………………….…9
第二節 概念改變與科學教科書……………………………………………..14
第三節 科學教科書內容分析的相關研究…………………………………..19
第三章 研究方法………………………………………………………29
第一節 研究流程與設計……………………………………………………..29
第二節 樣本資料……………………………………………………………..34
第三節 分析架構……………………………………………………………..36
第四節 信度與效度…………………………………………………………..38
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………….43
第一節 國小自然科教科書概念改變分析架構與實施方法………………..43
第二節 「不滿足」類目之分析結果…………………………………………49
第三節 「理解」類目之分析結果……………………………………………62
第四節 「合理」類目之分析結果……………………………………………73
第五節 「適用範圍較廣」類目之分析結果…………………………………86
第六節 總結…………………………………………………………………..96
第五章 結論與建議………………………………………………...…101
第一節 結論…………………………………………………………………101
第二節 建議…………………………………………………………………105
參考文獻………………………………………………………………109
一、 中文部分……………………………………………………………109
二、 英文部分……………………………………………………………111
附錄……………………………………………………………………119
附錄一、國小自然科教科書概念改變分析表……………………………….119
附錄二、兒童常見的迷思概念……………………………………………….123
附錄三、國小自然科教科書概念改變分析之訓練手冊……………………127
附錄四、研究者第一次分析之結果………………………………………….134
附錄五、評分員甲分析之結果……………………………………………….142
附錄六、評分員乙分析之結果……………………………………………….150
附錄七、研究者第二次分析之結果…………………………………………158

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