臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

法國大革命的社會氛圍促使公眾博物館轉化，博物館遂藉由平民步入昔日宮殿─舊政制的儀式，象徵權力移轉。博物館提供市民權的內涵，而毋須對實質權力復行指派，厥為傳載工具，將物質財富和社會地位轉兌精神象徵。十九世紀，工業化熾盛，社會陷入騷動，權力依此漸歸地方，用以維護社會秩序，而日漸擴大的市民權也加重了地方當局的影響。社區博物館際此多元文化的衝擊下，更顯其地位的可貴，其亦扮演住民教育服務的角色。二十世紀，當代博物館衍化數種樣貌，網路的崛起，改變了參訪的定義。續以大眾文化興起，博物館也因之嘗探實作與戲劇的展演方式，而行銷亦是今日博物館觀注的焦點與生存之道，也是博物館結構變化的主因之一。文末探討歐洲共同遺產與歐盟文化政策的關係，據此論證博物館是形塑歐洲精神與歐洲市民權過程中的重要元素。

The social milieu of French Revolution promoted the tran-sition of public museum. Museum, therefore, symbolised the transfer of rights with the ritual of plebeian entering the past palace─ancien régime. Museum provided the content of citi-zenship, it didn’t have to re-designate the substantial rights, and it was an agent, transformed material welfare and social status into spiritual symbol. In 19th century, it was prosperous in industrialisation, and the society was in a turmoil that leaded rights to community in order to preserve public order. Moreover, the ever-enlarged citizenship enhanced the influence of local authority. In the impact of multi-cultural, local mu-seum seemed more significant; it played the role of inhabitant’s educational service as well. Contemporary Museum produces variable figure; the emergence of Internet changes the defini-tion of visit. Popular Culture arises, hence museum has tried to adopt hands-on and dramatic mode. Marketing is the focus of present museum and subsistence; it is also a primary cause that makes the structure of museum change. In Conclusion it is discussed about the relationship between European Common Heritage and European Cultural Policy, and it demonstrates that museum is the major element during the process shaping European Spirit and European Citizenship.

摘 要 i
Abstract iii
誌 謝 v
圖表目次 ix
第 1 章 緒 論 1
1. 1 研究緣起 3
1. 1-1 研究背景 3
1. 1-2 研究目的 5
1. 2 研究架構 6
1. 2-1 研究範圍 6
1. 2-2 研究方法與限制 6
1. 2-3 章節結構 7
1. 3 基本概念 8
1. 3-1 博物館(museum) 8
1. 3-2 社會排除(social exclusion) 9
1. 3-3 認同(identity) 10
第 2 章 博物館的出現與公眾博物館的功能 11
2. 1 現代博物館精神意義探源 13
2. 1-1 希臘化文化的背景 13
2. 1-2 博物館一詞的出現 14
2. 1-3 世上首座以博物館為名的展示機構 16
2. 2 公眾博物館的產生背景與意義─以羅浮宮為例 19
2. 3 公眾博物館時期衍生的文物歸屬問題：以帕德嫩石雕事件為例 25
第 3 章 社區博物館的產生與發展 49
3. 1 社區居民的認同及參與 51
3. 2 多元文化的背景：以英國社會為例 57
3. 3 社區博物館在組織與社會轉型方面的需求 63
第 4 章 博物館的全球化現象 71
4. 1 實體博物館與數位博物館的結合 73
4. 1-1 新的資訊與通訊科技環境 73
4. 1-2 新型態的虛擬參訪模式 77
4. 1-3 數位博物館對大眾生活的影響 79
4. 2 博物館的大眾化 87
4. 2-1 朝向大眾化的發展方向：提供休閒與娛樂的場所 87
4. 2-2 博物館的新溝通與展示模式 91
4. 2-3 展品在社會中意涵的轉變 94
4. 3 博物館的行銷化 97
4. 3-1 文化行銷觀念的出現 97
4. 3-2 博物館可能的參與者 100
4. 3-3 博物館的資金來源 106
第 5 章 歐洲博物館與歐洲文化的重塑 109
5. 1 博物館歐洲遺產與文化政策的實質特徵 111
5. 2 博物館在歐洲市民權的界定與發展中扮演的角色 115
第 6 章 結論：歐洲價值在新博物館文化中的重建 121
書 目 127
中文 127
外文 130
網際網路與數位資料 137
索 引 141

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