臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在這環境快速變遷的時代，企業往往面臨了許多的競爭與挑戰，組織的成功與否不再只依賴個別員工傑出的績效表現。當需要多樣的技巧、判斷與經驗才能完成任務時，團隊的表現通常比個人表現來得好。然而並非所有的團隊都是高效能的團隊，在許多群體績效的研究中，往往都忽略了在群體情境下的認知因素對行為的影響，並且少有相關的實證性研究檢驗群體效能在群體績效上的影響。群體效能(group efficacy)是一種群體的共同信念，由Bandura(1977)所提出的社會認知論核心概念--自我效能延伸而來。它指群體需要執行一連串的行動來達成一個既定目標時，對於他們執行任務的能力評斷。在任務團隊的績效探討上，已有研究證實，群體效能構念可用來當作重要的認知影響因素。
本研究目的是將群體效能概念應用於電腦軟體開發團隊，並提出電腦群體效能(computer group efficacy)之心理概念。並以社會認知論(social cognitive theory)與目標設定論(goal setting theory)的觀點提出一個研究模式，以電腦軟體開發群組為對象，探討電腦群體效能、群體目標認同(group goal commitment)、結果預期(outcome expectation)對群組績效(group performance)的影響。本研究採用問卷調查法分別於學期中及學期末進行兩次的資料搜集，經由結構方程模式分析法進行資料的分析，並說明本研究模式的適配性。
於電腦群體效能對群體績效的影響模型中，本研究依據理論及過去的實證結果提出九個假說，共有七個獲得支持。實證結果指出，大學院校資訊相關科系的軟體開發團隊，其「團隊績效」會分別受到團隊的「電腦群體效能」、「群體結果預期」、「群體目標認同」因素顯著之影響。
本研究成果可分為二方面，(1)對學術上的貢獻為，提出電腦群體效能的心理概念，並建立一個群體績效的概念性模式，可供未來研究者使用，(2)在實務上之義涵，提供業界的軟體開發團隊參考，以確保軟體開發任務的成功。本研究後續努力方向，(1) 可以探討特定電腦群體效能，以了解效能和群組績效兩者之間的關係，(2)可以輔以「質性」的研究，利用參與觀察、深度訪談和文件分析…等方式探討軟體開發團隊的「效能預期」、「結果預期」及「目標認同」改變的歷程，以強化「量化」研究之不足。

Although increasing emphasis is being placed on team-based activities, an incomplete understanding of such activities exist. Given the focus on team performance, it is quite important for us to understand group performance as a competitive tool. From a social-cognitive perspective, the construct of group efficacy as an important cognitive influence on work team performance. Group Efficacy is the collective belief in a group that it can be effective. It directly influences the extent to which group members can mobilize and coordinate their skills, the amount of effort they will put into the task, and their persistence when group efforts fail to produce results.
The purpose of the present study is to discusses the role of groups’ beliefs about their abilities to competently use computers to achieve task (computer group efficacy). A research model based on the Social Cognitive Theory and Goal Setting Theory was developed and a survey of members of software developing team was conducted to assess the impacts of computer group efficacy. Computer group efficacy was found to exert a significant influence on the groups’ expectation of outcome, groups’ commitment of goal, and groups’ performance of software project.

摘要I
ABSTRACTII
誌謝III
目錄IV
表目錄VI
圖目錄VIII
壹、緒論1
一、研究背景與動機1
二、研究目的與研究問題3
四、論文架構4
貳、文獻探討5
一、社會認知論5
二、目標設定理論30
參、研究模式與假說35
一、研究架構35
二、研究假說37
肆、研究方法與研究設計41
一、研究對象41
二、變數的定義與衡量42
三、問卷的前測和預試49
四、資料分析方法52
伍、資料分析53
一、信度與效度檢驗53
二、結構方程式模式分析56
陸、結論與建議73
一、研究結論73
二、研究貢獻75
三、實務上之意涵76
四、研究限制77
五、未來研究方向78
參考文獻80
一、中文部份80
二、英文部份81
附錄、調查研究問卷93

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