跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(44.201.72.250) 您好!臺灣時間:2023/10/01 16:37
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:林志忠
研究生(外文):Chih-Chung Lin
論文名稱:氫氣相關化學製程危害分析資料庫之建制與運用
論文名稱(外文):CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF DATABASE FOR HAZARD ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROGEN RELATED CHEMICAL PROCESS
指導教授:陳政任陳政任引用關係
指導教授(外文):Jenq-Renn Chen
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立高雄第一科技大學
系所名稱:環境與安全衛生工程所
學門:工程學門
學類:環境工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2002
畢業學年度:90
語文別:中文
論文頁數:121
中文關鍵詞:資料庫意外事故潛在之危害危害分析氫氣相關化學製程
外文關鍵詞:incidents and Databasepotential hazardsHydrogen related chemical processeshazard analysis
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:1
  • 點閱點閱:420
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:85
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
氫氣相關化學製程被相當廣泛地應用在化學工業之生產流程,典型的製程有不飽和碳氫化合物的氫化反應(例如烯類)、氨氣的合成及金屬氧化物之還原反應以提煉金屬。由於氫氣與氧或空氣混合氣體具有很寬廣的爆炸範圍(4~75%),且氫氣最低引火能量(MIE)只有0.03 mJ,極易導致強烈爆炸情況。另外氫氣易於擴散,其擴散速率為空氣的4倍,可在極細的間隙逸散,尤其在高溫,會透過鋼材或其他金屬材料,引起氫氣侵蝕的問題。而一般氫氣相關化學製程如烯類氫化反應,必須在較嚴苛的操作條件下進行,且是呈現放熱反應。故一旦發生製程偏離,將可能引發不預期的反應或失控反應,而導致意外事故。
本研究是藉由搜集歷年來氫氣相關化學製程之意外事故,對事故發生過程做深入分析,以了解其潛在之危害源。再利用根源分析(Root Causes Analysis)方法,由這些不期望發生的意外事故,如火災、爆炸等有系統的去追溯造成該事故之各種原因,並探討應該採取那些合適的措施及設置那些安全防範設施,以降低或消除危害源。最後再將上述這些因果關係,發展一套簡易的氫氣相關化學製程危害分析資料庫。使得不需專家的協助,即能直接應用於製程開發及工廠操作階段,可供製程安全設計、危害分析及安全操作之參考。
Hydrogen related chemical processes have been widely used in the production processes of the chemical industry. The typical processes include the hydrogenation of the unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds (for example alkenes), the synthesis of ammonia, and the reduction of metal oxide for metal refining. Hydrogen gas has very wide explosion limit (4~75%) and very low minimum ignition energy (0.03mJ) and is thus highly vulnerable to fire and explosion. Moreover, diffusion rate of hydrogen is 4 times higher than that of the air rendering the hydrogen to permeate easily even in small gaps. Hydrogen may also pass through the steel or other material, especially in high temperature, causing hydrogen attack. On the other hand, most hydrogen related chemical processes, for example alkenes hydrogenation, have to operate under rigorous condition and are also exothermic. Any process deviation may lead to unexpected reactions or runaway reactions and resulted in incident.
This study analyzes the safety of the hydrogen related chemical process by collecting a variety of relevant incidents. By using Root Causes Analysis (RCA) method, the causes and potential hazards of the incident are identified. Methods to reduce or eliminate the potential hazards are also provided. All these information are summarized and build into a database for analyzing the hazards in hydrogen related processes. The database can be used with ease even for novice engineers in assessing hazards in hydrogen related processes during process design or operation.
目 錄
頁次
中文提要Ⅰ
英文提要Ⅱ
誌謝Ⅲ
目錄Ⅳ
表目錄Ⅵ
圖目錄Ⅶ
符號說明 Ⅹ
一、緒論1
二、文獻探討3
三、研究方法6
3.1根源分析方法6
3.2事故探討7
3.3氫氣對製程設備所引起的問題探討51
四、研究結果 60
4.1氫氣相關化學製程之危害類型60
4.2氫氣相關化學製程之危害根源分析61
4.3氫氣相關化學製程危害分析資料庫之建制74
4.4氫氣相關化學製程危害分析資料庫之運用91
五、討論與結論92
5.1設備完整性93
5.2製程設計不良94
5.3操作失誤 94
5.4製程異常 95
5.5引火源之管理 95
5.6氫氣對製程設備侵蝕的防制100
5.7結論101
六、參考文獻102
附錄A .氫氣相關化學製程危害分析資料庫之使用說明105
附錄B .氫氣相關化學製程危害分析資料庫之應用範例說明111
1.王振華,2001,”設備完整性管理架構”,設備完整性與可靠度提升技術研討會講義, P.1-3,高雄,11月2.杜逸興、高振山,1994。化工製程失控反應事例分析(二)研討會講義, P.38,June3.張一岑,1999,防火與防爆,P137~148.初版,揚智文化,台北市4.A.H.Heemskerk, 1998“Explosion risk as a result from flow stagnation”, Proceeding of the 9th international symposium-Loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries, 4-7 May 5.Brain D. Kelly, 1998, “A Hydrogen Compressor Explosion “, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 11, 253-2566.Brian D. Kelly, 1998, ”A Hydrogen Heater Explosion”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 11, 257-2597.Brian E. Mellin, 1995,“Major fire resulting from under-lagging corrosion”, Loss Prevention Bulletin, No.136, P.21-238.Britton, Laurence G., 1994a, ”Loss Cases Histories in pressurized ethylene system- Case I”, Loss Prevention Symposium Volumes 289.Britton, Laurence G., 1994b,”Loss Cases Histories in pressurized ethylene system- Case J “, Loss Prevention Symposium Volumes 2810.Center for Chemical Process Safety of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1992, Guideline for Hazard evaluation procedures, 2nd. Edition P.51, New York 11.Center for Chemical Process Safety of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1993, Guideline for Engineering Design for Process Safety, P.166~172, New York 12.Center for Chemical Process Safety of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1993, Guideline for Engineering Design for Process Safety, P.327, New York13.Crowl, Daniel A. and Joseph F. Louvar, 1990, Chemical process safety:Fundamentals with application , P.222-22814.Crowl, Daniel A. and Joseph F. Louvar, 1990, Chemical process safety:Fundamentals with application , P.170-17115.Gano,D. L., 1999, Apollo Root Cause Analysis-A New Way of Thinking, 1st Edition, Apollonian Publications, Yakima, Washington.16.Erwin, W. E. and J. G. Kerr, 1982, ”The use of quenched and tempered 2-1/4Cr-Mo steel for thick wall reactor vessels in petroleum refinery process:an interpretive review of 25 years of research and application”.17.Khan, Faisal I. and S.A. Abbasi, 1998, ”Techniques and methodologies for risk analysis in chemical process industries”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 11, 261-27718.F.C. and K.E. Coulter, 1977, ”Experiences in operation of high pressure furnaces”, Loss Prevention Symposium, Volumes 1119.G.J.T. North and J. A MacDiarmid, 1988, ”Lessons learned from a hydrogen explosion in a process unit “,Loss Prevention Symposium Volumes 2220.G.R. Prescott and Brian Shannon, 2001, ”Process equipment problems caused by interaction with hydrogen”, Process Safety Progress(Vol.20,No.1)March 200121.John Oscar Pande and Jan Tonheim, 2001, “Explosion of hydrogen in a pipeline for CO2“, Process Safety Progress, Vol.20, No.1, March 22.Johnson, H.H., J.C. Morlet, and A.R. Troiano, 1957, WADC-TR-262, May23.Paine K. Ann, 2000, ”Lessons learned from an on-plot refinery tank explosion”, Process industry incident: investigation protocols case histories lessons learned, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York.24.Kletz, Trevor A., 1994, What Went Wrong? 3rd ed., p113-115.25.Kletz, Trevor A., 1994, What Went Wrong? 3rd ed., p255-256.26.Kletz, Trevor A., 1994, What Went Wrong? 3rd ed., p158-161.27.Kletz Trevor A., 1995, “Some Loss Cases Histories(3)”, Loss Prevention Symposium Volumes 2928.Kletz, Trevor A., 1999, Identifying and assessing process industry hazards, Institution of Chemical Engineers, UK, P.3429.Naumann, F.K., 1937, ”Effect of H2 under high pressure on carbon and alloy steels”, P.57.30.Halle, R. T. and M. Vadekar, 1991, ”Rust catalyzed ethelylene hydrogenation causes temperature runaway”, Oil and Gas Journal, June 17.31.Takahashi, E., and K. Iwai, 1982 ,”Omission of Intermediate Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) by Utilizing Low-Temperature PWHT for Welds in Pressure Vessels”, STP 755, ASTM32.“Unwanted chemical reaction in a heat exchanger”, Loss Prevention Bulletin, 1985, No.75, P.2233.Vansina P. and Van Gils E., 2001, ”A methodology for the progressive analysis and optimization of the protection layers of a process installation”, Proceeding of the 10th international symposium-Loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries,19-21, June 34.Seagrave, W. R. Tong and R. L. Wiederhorn, 1977, ”3-4-Dichloroaniline Autoclave Incident”, Loss Prevention Symposia Volumes 11 35.“High pressure reactor rupture”, Loss Prevention Bulletin, No.128 ,P.3-536.“The Fuji oil Sodegaura refinery accident”, Loss Prevention Bulletin, 1992, No.116, p.9-14 37.“Hazards of piped gas supplies”, Loss Prevention Bulletin, 2 001, No. 161, p.738.“A explosion in a compressor during maintenance”, The IChemE Accident Database(Version 4.1), No.8011 39.“A fire at a knock drum of a flare”, The IChemE Accident Database(Version 4.1), No.856940.“A explosion in a hydrogenation reactor”, The IChemE Accident Database(Version 4.1), No.8764 41.“Hydrogen explosion in a spent acid tank”, The IChemE Accident Database(Version 4.1), No.984542.“Unexpected reaction in a propylene hydrogenation reactor”, The IChemE Accident Database(Version 4.1), No.10483
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top