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研究生:王福泉
研究生(外文):Wang Fu-Chung
論文名稱:木瓜乳汁之採集與木瓜酵素活性的研究
論文名稱(外文):Studies on collection papaya latex and papain activity
指導教授:鄭寶樹鄭寶樹引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:化學系
學門:自然科學學門
學類:化學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2002
畢業學年度:90
語文別:中文
論文頁數:74
中文關鍵詞:木瓜酵素
外文關鍵詞:papain
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:6
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中文摘要
本論文係鑑於木瓜酵素對人類生活有莫大的貢獻,因此企圖從木瓜株體或青碩果粒中,找出最佳的採乳方法,得到價廉而且量多的木瓜乳汁,進而研究乾燥、儲存以及純化的方法,製成保有高活性的木瓜酵素。
結果發現,目前台灣栽種的木瓜品種中,以紅妃品種採乳量最多,約為日陞種的3.8倍,其他品種的1.5倍以上;以開花結果後二到三個月生長中的深綠色碩實果粒刻劃取乳為主。取乳時機以下雨或灌溉後的清晨(04~08時)最好,產乳量約為正午(10~14時)的1.5倍以上,而在青果的刻劃深度以0.2~0.3公分,刻劃間距以2.0~3.0公分較為理想,產乳量最多。新鮮木瓜乳汁,加入濃度約為250ppm的活化劑(HOCH2CH2SH)可提升約20﹪的酵素活性,若加入0.5﹪的亞硫酸氫鈉(NaHSO3)與0.5﹪的麝香草酚(Thymol),用90℃熱空氣循環烘箱烘乾到含水分6﹪以下的粗木瓜酵素,顯現出較佳的儲存安定度。另外本研究對青碩木瓜果粒的果皮與果肉進行搾汁,得到黃綠色的溶液,用約1.0-4.0﹪的活性碳進行脫色發現其酵素活性無顯著下降。
粗木瓜酵素溶液加入35~40﹪硫酸銨進行鹽析處理後,其相對活性可提高86倍之多。又粗木瓜酵素溶液用矽膠管柱層析或陽離子樹脂管柱層析進行分離,純化的酵素相對活性約可提高一、二百倍;用酪蛋白為基質作性質檢測,發現在70℃溫度時及pH為7.0時水解活性較好。
Abstract
In view of the papain have greatest contribution to mankind, the study attempts to find out the best method of taking milk from the papaya trunk or its green fruit. As the low price and a large quantity of papaya latex are collected, the further study focuses on the method of drying、storage and purification, in order to obtain the high enzyme activity of papain.
The growing papaya plants in recent Taiwan, the study first found that the〝red-lady〞species produces the most quantity of papaya latex, almost equal to 3.8 times of the〝sun-rise〞species, above 1.5 times of other species. Secondly, the best fruit for collecting milk is the full size and deep green fruit, within two to three months after blossom and bear fruit. The best time to take milk is the next morning (at AM 04~08 ) after raining or irrigating, the produced quantity of milk is above 1.5 times of noon (AM.10~ PM.14 ). The ideal condition of engraving to produce the most quantity of milk:the depth is 0.2~0.3 cm in the fruit, and to be apart with 2.0~3.0cm in each engraving.
Add 250ppm activator (HOCH2CH2SH) into the fresh papaya latex, it lifts about 20% activation of papain. If add 0.5% of sodium sulfite (NaHSO3) and 0.5% of musk grass anthranol (Thymol) into the fresh papaya latex, in the 90℃ hot airs circulating oven to dry the crude papain until it contains below 6% H2O , the crude papain presents the best stability of storage. In addition, this study extracted the juice from the peel and flesh of deep green papaya, using the 1.0~4.0% of active carbon to decolor the yellow-green papaya solution, it is found that the activity of papain does not descend conspicuously.
Add 35~40% ammonia sulfates into the solution of crude papaya enzyme, the relative activity of papaya enzyme increase 86 times. Besides, to separate the crude papaya enzyme using the silicon gel column or cation resins column, the relative activity of purified enzyme roughly increases 100~200 times. Finally, using casein as substrate to examine the activity of papain, the optimal temperature and optimal pH are 70℃and pH 7.0 respectively.
目錄
壹: 前言----------------------------------------------------1
1-1 緣起----------------------------------------------------1
1-2 各品種木瓜之外觀性狀------------------------------------4
1-3 研究動機及其重要性--------------------------------------9
1-4 研究目的------------------------------------------------14
1-5 研究範圍與內容------------------------------------------15
貳 理論基礎與文獻探討--------------------------------------15
2-1 理論基礎-----------------------------------------------15
2-2 文獻探討:---------------------------------------------25
參 研究方法、過程及進度------------------------------------32
3-1 實驗材料、試藥及儀器------------------------------------32
3-2 實驗方法------------------------------------------------34
3-3實驗步驟------------------------------------------------35
肆:結果與討論----------------------------------------------42
4-1木瓜乳汁的採集------------------------------------------42
4-2木瓜乳汁的處理與分析------------------------------------47
伍:結論-----------------------------------------------------67
陸:參考文獻-------------------------------------------------69
陸:參考文獻:
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