臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
1.甲醇的氧化產物＋偶氮試劑在紫外-可見光（UV-Vis）光譜上所得的光譜變化，確知醇類的氧化其反應機構必牽涉到碳-氧雙鍵的生成。
2.許多有機小分子（甲醇、甲醛、甲酸、乙醇、乙醛與
乙酸）的還原電位都較氧分子的還原電位來得負值，
這些有機小分子化合物都有發電的潛力，因此可以利
用這些有機小分子化合物與氧組合成燃料電池。
3.當燃料電池外接電阻時，電池的電動勢表現中所測出的電壓對電流的比值，可以發現乙酸電池有最大的內電阻，且在外接電阻越小時所產生的電池的內電阻越大，故乙酸電池最難有令人滿意的結果。相反的甲醛電池的電動勢表現最佳。
4.分別以純白金、碳膜、鍍白金碳膜及摻雜白金的碳膜作為電極，測出各種有機小分子化合物的還原電位，可以知道摻雜白金的碳膜電極因其電極表面特殊的催化作用，可使有機小分子化合物與氧所組成的電池有最大的電動勢，而碳膜電極因缺少白金的催化作用故電池的電動勢表現最差。

ABSTRACT
1. We have measured the spectrum of the oxide of methanol with 2.4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine adding at the region from ultraviolet to visible light (UV-Vis) and have found the mechanism of oxidization of alcohol would be relative to the formation of double bond of carbon-oxide.
2. Some small molecule organic (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetic acid) have smaller reduction potential than oxygen. These organic compounds have the potential of generating electricity; therefore, we can combine these organic compounds and oxygen to make fuel cells.
3. We connected a resistance to the fuel cell and measured the electron-voltage of the fuel cell. From the ratio of voltage to current, we found that the fuel cell with acetic acid had the highest inner- resistance. Besides, the smaller the external resistance was, the bigger the inner resistance was. The performance of acetic acid made fuel cell was not good in our measurement. On the contrary, the electron-voltage of formaldehyde made fuel cell had the best performance.
4. Separately, we took the platinum, carbon film, carbon film with platinum coating, and carbon film with platinum doping as the electrode to measured the reduction potential of the small molecule organic compounds. For the surface catalysis of electrode, the electrode of carbon film with platinum doping obtained the highest electron-voltage of the fuel cell made of small molecule organic compounds and oxygen. However，the carbon film electrode without platinum catalysis had the lowest performance of electron-voltage of fuel cell.

總 目 錄
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
第一節 燃料電池之發展、原理、重要性及目前之使用狀況…1
1.1 氫氧燃料電池之發展與原理………………………….1
1.2 燃料電池的重要性、目前的使用狀況與將來的願景.5
第二節 研究動機…………………………………………………9
第三節 研究目的……………………………………………….11
第四節 電化學原理……………………………………….…..12
4.1 電位儀(Potentialstat)-伏特-安培法 測量還原電位…...12
4.2 標準氫電極測量還原電位…………………………..15
4.3 甘汞參考電極(Calomel reference electrode)….18
4.4 影響電池電動勢的因素………………….………….20
4.5 有機小分子化合物的電化學反應性質…….……….27
第五節 鹽橋……………………………………………….…..29
5.1 鹽橋的製作…………………………………….…….30
5.2 鹽橋的功用…………………………………….…….31
第二章 實驗器材、實驗藥品……………………………………..32
第一節 實驗器材………………………….………………..32
第二節 藥品…………………………….…………………..32
第三節 實驗裝置………………………………….………..33
第三章 實驗過程與實驗結果………………………………………34
第一節 醇類氧化之反應機構探討……………………………34
1.1實驗步驟……………………………………….…….…34
1.2實驗結果………………………………….……….……34
第二節 有機小分子化合物還原電位之探討……………....36
2.1實驗步驟…………………………………...…….……36
2.2實驗結果……………………………….………..….…37
第三節 電極材料的改進………………….…………………..49
3.1實驗步驟…………………………………….…….……49
3.2實驗結果………………………………………………..53
第四章 實驗討論…………………………………………...87
第一節 反應機構的討論…………………………………………87
第二節 各電池的電位與輸出功率的關係…………….……..91
2.1 酸鹼環境改變對電池電位的影響……………….….91
2.2 各電池電動勢、輸出功率與負載電阻大小之關係….94
第三節 電極材質的影響………………………………….…..98
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………107
第六章 參考文獻……………………………………………………109

第六章 參考文獻
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中國科學院大連化學物理研究所 衣寶廉 張華民 明平文
23.化學災害處理手冊 張昭鼎、雷敏宏主編 科學月刊社出版