臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為增加對台灣溪流著生性藻類之物種組成、生長速率及影響其生長量因子之瞭解，本研究自2000年12月至2001年11月，在南仁山區吧沙加魯溪（22°41''15N 120°18''05E）上游兩條支流，分別於高（80 ~ 100%）、中（40 ~ 60%）與低（0 ~ 20%）等三種不同遮蔽度比例之樣點，進行著生性藻類之培養調查。在為期一年的採樣中，共發現矽藻12屬29種，綠藻2屬2種，其中有3種僅能鑑定至屬。不論季節、河流與遮蔽度差異，所有樣點之物種組成均以矽藻為主，其中最優勢物種為Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta。培養初期藻類細胞數量不多，但物種歧異度卻顯示相對最高值。物種歧異度在不同季節均約在第11 ~ 21天出現最高值（H'' = 0.13 ~ 0.91），而後再隨生長天數增加而減少。依群集分析之物種組成枝狀圖（dendrogram）判斷，南仁山溪流著生藻類物種組成之時空變化，受到季節與遮蔽度之影響較溪流明顯。依據藻類葉綠素a含量發現，溪畔植物遮蔽溪流程度越低生長速率越快，但不論遮蔽程度之高低，最高生長量之數值均出現在固定範圍內（葉綠素a含量2.5 ~ 3μg/cm2）。經由長期（約170天）培養發現，高遮蔽度樣點下藻類達生長高峰所需天數估計約在第140天才達到最高值。吧沙加魯溪藻類生長速率受遮蔽度影響，但與本研究中所測量之環境因子相關性不大。與北美地區之溪流比較，吧沙加魯溪有明顯較高的營養鹽含量，但是，著生性藻類之最高生產量，則大致可維持穩定（2.5 ~ 3μg /cm2）。物種組成之差異或許是造成此現象之可能原因。此外，不同的底質可能影響附著藻類之物種組成，因此，利用或採集同種著生基質，在未來比較溪流藻類組成之研究上應有其必要。

Periphyton was incubated under high（80 ~ 100 %）, medium（40 ~ 60 %）, and low（0 ~ 20 %）canopy ratio in two tributaries of Pasagalu stream in Nan-jen-shan Nature Reserve from December, 2000 to November, 2001 to investigate the species composition, growth rate, and influence factors of benthic algae in lotic waters of Taiwan. Twenty-nine species in twelve genus of diatom and two species in two genus of green algae was identified in this annual study. Despite the difference in season, tributaries, and canopy types, silicon algae is dominant in species composition, with the major species of Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta. The total cell number of algae is not abundance; however, the species diversity is high during the early stage of periphyton incubation. In different seasons, the highest value of species diversity is commonly appeared in the 11 — 21 incubation days, but gradually decreases in the following collections. Based on the dendrogram of cluster analysis, the effects of season and canopy types on the spatio-temporal variation of species composition for benthic algae is more significant than tributary in Pasagalu stream. The chlorophyll a concentration is increase in accordance with the decreasing of riparian canopy. However, the maximum chlorophyll a concentration is recorded between 2.5 — 3 μg/cm2 in spite of the canopy ration. Through the observation of a long-term culture, approximately 140 incubation days is estimated for reaching the maximum chlorophyll a concentration under the condition of high riparian canopy. Although the riparian canopy is important, the other environmental factors, like flow velocity, nutrient content, did not show strong correlation with the growth rate in Pasagalu stream. Nutrient content in Pasagalu stream is higher compared to those in North America; however, periphyton production is maintained relatively stable in the former one. Difference in species composition maybe attributed to the higher nutrient but lower periphyton production in Pasagalu stream, which is varied from the studies documented from North America. Moreover, the selected materials for algal colonization will also affect the species composition and growth rate of periphyton. Thus, adopt same material for periphyton colonization for studying or comparing species composition of benthic algae in stream is necessary in the future.

中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
壹、前言……………………………………………………………………1
貳、材料與方法……………………………………………………………5
一、野外採集………………………………………………….…………5
（一）樣區特徵………………………………………………..………5
（二）樣點設定………………………………………………..………8
（三）採樣方法…………………………………………………..……8
1.季節採樣……………………………………………………….8
2.長期採樣……………………………………………………….8
二、藻類樣本分析………………………………………………………10
（一）物種計數與鑑定………………………………………………10
（二）葉綠素a測定………………………………....………………10
三、環境因子測量…………………………………..………………..…11
四、資料分析…………………………………..………………..………12
（一）物種組成與細胞數量……………..………………….………12
（二）葉綠素a含量與生長速率………..………………….………13
1.季節採樣………………………………….…………………..14
（1）河流、光照與天數之影響….…………………………..14
（2）生長速率模式及生產量…………………………..…….14
2.長期採樣……………………………………………………...15
（三）環境測項……………………………………………………....15
參、結果…………………………………………………..………………16
一、藻類樣本分析……………………………………..……….………16
（一）物種計數與鑑定…..………………………………….………16
1.物種組成變化……..…………………………..………………16
2.物種歧異度……..……………………………..………………16
3.物種組成之時間變化..………………………..………………21
4.物種組成相似度……………………..………………………..27
（二）葉綠素a含量與生長速率模式……………………………..27
1.季節採樣…………………………………………………...…27
（1）河流、光照與天數對藻類生長的影響…………………27
（2）生長速率模式及生產量…………………………………34
2.長期採樣…………………………………………….……..…44
（1）左側支流……………………………………….……..…44
（2）右側支流……………………………………….……..…45
二、影響藻類生長因子……………………………………….……..…45
（一）環境因子………………………………….……….……..…45
肆、討論…………………………………………………………………50
一、藻類物種組成………………………………………………………50
二、物種歧異度與細胞數量……………………………………………51
三、藻類生長量…………………………………………………………52
四、影響藻類生長因子…………………………………………………54
（一）著生底質……………………………………………………54
（二）營養鹽含量….………………………..…………….………54
（三）其他環境因子………………………………………………55
五、未來研究之建議……………………………………………………55
伍、結論………………………………………………………………….57
陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………………….59

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