臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

河川底泥在河川中扮演著儲存槽的角色，許多疏水性有機污染物如多環芳香族碳氫化合物(polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)，最終都會沉積在底泥中。河川底泥受到有機性毒性物質的污染愈來愈受到重視。對疏水性有機污染物而言，由於它們較易被底泥所吸附，在環境中不易分解、具有毒性與高生物累積性，因此，吸附行為成為影響其在環境中傳輸宿命的重要機制，本研究以前鎮河底泥為材料，探討吸附於底泥之PAH化合物在受溫度及共同溶劑效應影響下於固/液相中分佈之現象。
本研究第一階段實驗在了解前鎮河底泥的污染分佈特性，結果顯示底泥中主要的PAHs污染物為 phenanthrene和anthracene。其中以近高雄縣、市交界處之媽祖港橋採樣點污染物含量phenanthrene（168.1mg/Kg, dry wt.）和anthracene（139.0mg/Kg,dry wt.）要比其餘四處採樣點平均含量phenanthrene（26.08mg/Kg,dry wt.）和(anthracene20.16mg/Kg,dry wt.）高很多。
由於水環境因子往往會主控PAHs在底泥及一般水體中的表現。因此，在本研究第二階段探討溫度對底泥中phenanthrene和anthracene兩種PAHs於甲醇/水混合溶液之共同溶劑系統中吸附/脫附情形之影響。實驗結果顯示phenanthrene和anthracene的溶解度和溫度與共同溶劑有關。其中，共同溶劑的體積分率愈大，phenanthrene和anthracene溶解度愈大，而Kp值則趨小。實驗控制的溫度為10℃、20℃、30℃及40℃，結果顯示phenanthrene和anthracene的σ值（共同溶劑效力）會隨著溫度增高而趨小，但其增溶效果仍增大，故溫度增高時，溫度效應較共同溶劑效應為強，本研究結果可作為前鎮河復育策略擬定之重要參考依據。

River sediment can act as a reservoir of the pollutants in the river.Hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs) such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), will be finally deposited in the sediment.
Hydrophobic organic contaminants are generally characterized as high toxicity, long environmental half-life and high bioaccumulation. Due to their hydrophobicity, HOCs tend to sorb onto particles in the environment.
The objective of this study is to determine the phase distribution of 16 PAHs in the sediments of Chien-Chen River. The temperature and cosolvent effect onto the sorbed PAHs of contaminated sediments was evaluated. The result showed that the main PAH compounds in the sediment were phenantracene and anthracene. The highest PAHs concentrations were found in the upper stream section of Ma-Ju Bridge with phenanthrene of 168.1 mg/Kg (dry wt.) and anthracene of 139.0 mg/Kg.
The effect of temperature on sorption is performed by desorption experiments of sediment at various temperature from 10℃ to 40℃. The cosolvent effect is evaluated by employing various volume fractions of methanol/water (i.e., 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9, respectively) into sediment/water systems. The results indicated that the increase of temperayure and volume fraction of cosolvent facilitate the desorption of phenanthrene and anthracene in sediment. In general higher volume fractions of cosolvent resulted in significant increase of solubilities of PAHs and decrease of sorption (partition) coefficient (Kp). The cosolvent is less effective under high temperature condition. The results of this study will assist the strategy design of Chien-Chen River restoration.

中文摘要----------------------------------------------------i
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------ii
壹、緒言----------------------------------------------------1
一、研究動機---------------------------------------------1
二、研究目的---------------------------------------------2
貳、研究背景------------------------------------------------4
一、底泥的形成-------------------------------------------4
二、疏水性有機污染物-------------------------------------4
1、疏水性有機污染物基本性質--------------------------4
2、多環狀芳香族碳氫化合物----------------------------8
三、疏水性有機污染物之吸附行為---------------------------9
1、吸附基本理論--------------------------------------9
2、吸附分配作用--------------------------------------9
3、水環境因子之影響---------------------------------11
四、共同溶劑 -------------------------------------------12
1、共同溶劑基本特性---------------------------------12
2、共同溶劑效應-------------------------------------12
五、氣相層析儀的原理------------------------------------16
參、材料與方法---------------------------------------------17
一、實驗流程--------------------------------------------17
二、儀器設備--------------------------------------------17
1、氣相層析儀 ------------------------------------17
2、恆溫震盪培養箱 --------------------------------20
三、實驗材料--------------------------------------------20
1、試驗材料的取得與保存---------------------------20
2、選定目標污染物---------------------------------24
3、選定化學溶劑-----------------------------------24
4、萃取溶劑---------------------------------------24
四、實驗步驟--------------------------------------------27
1、底泥基本特性的分析-------------------------------27
2、製作PAHs 化合物之檢量線--------------------------27
3、底泥中目標污染物PAHs 含量之測定------------------28
4、不同溫度下PAHs 在底泥與共同溶劑間之分佈係數之測定29
肆、結果與討論---------------------------------------------31
一、實驗底泥之物性與化性--------------------------------31
二、PAHs在底泥與液相(共同溶劑與水)間之分佈係數測定------35
三、phenanthrene 和anthracene 在底泥與液相(共同溶劑與水)
間之分佈係數----------------------------------------42
四、不同溫度下共同溶劑體積分率fc 與Kp 的關係------------47
五、共同溶劑不同體積分率下溫度與Kp 的關係---------------53
六、不同溫度下共同溶劑體積分率fc 與溶解度的關係---------59
伍、結論與建議---------------------------------------------65
陸、參考文獻-----------------------------------------------67
柒、附錄---------------------------------------------------72

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