中文部分
1. 王文科(1991):認知發展理論與教育。台北:五南書局。
2. 王文科(1996):教育研究法。台北:五南書局。
3. 王念慈(1999):國小一、二、三年級學童液體量與重量守恆概念發展之教學效果的研究。國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。4. 王龍錫(1991):我國學生自然科概念發展與診斷教學之研究(一):小學生浮力概念發展之結構圖研究。國科會專題研究計畫成果報告(NSC-79-0111-S-153-02-D)。
5. 王靜如(1997):科學概念形成之教學改革。國教天地,第1221期,20頁。6. 方書春譯,<<物性論>>盧克萊修著,商務印書館,1997。
7. 田芬華(1999):兒童牛頓第三運動定律概念發展的研究。國立高雄師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文。8. 江新合、許榮富、林寶山(1991):我國學生自然科概念發展與診斷教學之研究(一):中學生浮力相關概念發展及其相關迷思概念的分析研究。國科會專題研究成果報告(NSC79-0111-S-017-07-D)。
9. 何意中(1988)國小三、四、五年級學生比例推理之研究,花蓮師院學報,2期,頁387-433。10. 李昌汶(1997):國中學生密度概念的診斷與探討。國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。11. 李明中(1993):從基模理論探討學生對氣體粒子行為的批判思考。國立台灣師範大學物理研究所碩士論文。12. 林振霖(1991):我國學生分子概念發展與診斷教學研究。國科會專題研究計劃(NSC80-0111-S018-02D)。
13. 林財庫(2002):中小學生物質微粒理論之謎思概念及概念圖示的診斷工具和分析方法,審查中
14. 林福來、林光賢、郭分派 (1985):國中生的比例概念發展。國科會專題研究成果報告(NSC74-0111-S003-02)。
15. 林顯輝、黃嘉崑、王靜如(1992):國小兒童水循環概念之研究。國立屏東師範學院,國小自然科教育學術研討會抽印本。頁99-122。
16. 林顯輝(1996):國小兒童蒸發和凝結概念之研究。國科會專題研究計畫成果報告(NSC-83-0111-S-153-02-D)。
17. 吳明隆(2000):SPSS統計應用實務。台北:松崗電腦圖書資料股份有限公司。
18. 洪振方(1987): 學生空氣體積及壓力之粒子模型概念與推理能力之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。19. 馬文蔚、唐玄之、周永平(1996):物理學發展史上的里程碑。新竹:凡異出版社。
20. 莊麗娟(1996) 國小六年級浮力概念動態評量的效益分析。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。21. 郭奕玲、林木欣、沈慧君(1996):近代物理發展中的重要實驗。新竹:凡異出版社。
22. 郭重吉 (1988):從認知觀點探討自然科學的學習。教育學院學報,第十三期。23. 郭重吉(1990):學生科學知識認知結構的評估與描述。彰化師範大學學報,第一期,頁273─319.24. 郭重吉、許玫理(1992):從科學哲學觀點的演變探討科學教育的過去與未來。彰化師範大學學報。25. 郭重吉(1988):從認知的觀點探討自然科學的學習。教育學院學報,V13,頁335─36226. 郭重吉(1990):學生科學知識認知結構的評估與描述。彰化師範大學學報第一期,273─319。27. 郭重吉(1992):從建構主義的觀點探討中小學數理教學的改進。科學發展月刊,第20卷,第五期。28. 郭重吉(1990):學生科學知識認知結構的評估與描述。彰化師範大學學報第一期,273─319.29. 郭重吉(1988):從認知的觀點探討自然科學的學習。教育學院學報,V13,頁335─362.30. 郭重吉、許枚理(1992):從科學哲學觀點的演變探討科學教育的過去與未來。彰化師範大學。
31. 郭重吉(1992):從建構主義的觀點探討中小學數理教學的改進。科學發展月刊,第20卷,第五期。32. 許榮富、黃芳裕(1995):當今科學概念發展研究賦予科學學習的新意義,科學教育月刊,V178, P2─13。33. 許榮富、楊文金、洪振方(1990):學習環的理論基礎及其內涵分析──物理概念教學理念的新構思, 物理會刊,12卷五期,P375─398.34. 許榮富(1990):科學概念發展與診斷教學研究合作計畫芻議。科學發展月刊,18(2),150─157。35. 許榮富、楊文金、洪振方(1990):學習環的理論基礎及其內涵分析──物理概念教學理念的新構思, 物理會刊,12卷五期,P375─398.36. 許榮富、黃芳裕(1995):當今科學概念發展研究賦予科學學習的新意義,科學教育月刊,V178, P2─13。37. 教育部,國民教育階段九年一貫課程總綱綱要,1998(9/30).
38. 教育部,教育改革行動方案,1998(5/29).
39. 陳正昌(2000):行為及社會科學統計學:統計軟體應用。高雄:巨流圖書公司。
40. 陳世雄 (1992):利用示範式實驗群測法探究國中學生的物質變化概念與重量守恆推理。國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。41. 陳瓊森 (1998):從建構觀點談概念形成及概念轉變。國民中學學生概念學習學術研討會。
42. 陳瓊森、汪益 譯(H.Gardner著)(1995):超越教化的心靈。台北:遠流出版社。
43. 程樹德等譯(1994):科學革命的結構。台北:遠流出版社。
44. 張州甫(1999):學童等時性概念和液體守恆概念發展的研究。國立台灣師範大學物理研究所碩士論文。45. 張春興(1994):教育心理學。台北:東華書局。
46. 張春興、林清山(1992) :教育心理學。頁76-83,132-136。台北:東華書局。
47. 張瓊、于祺明、劉文君(1994):科學理論模型的建構。台北:淑馨出版社。
48. 黃台珠(1984):概念的研究及其意義。科學教育月刊,第66期,頁44-56。
49. 黃湘武、黃寶鈿(1996):學生推理能力與概念發展。認知與學習基礎研究第一次研討會。
50. 黃寶鈿(1980):溶液相關概念之認知發展層次的研究(Ⅱ)。國科會專題研究計劃報告(NSC-78-S003-18D)。
51. 黃寶鈿(1991):學生對化學分子式及反應式概念之研究。國科會專題研究計劃(NSC-81-0111-S003-19D)。
52. 葉重新(2000):心理學。台北:心理出版社。
53. 劉元生(1994):實驗教學對於國中學生溶液概念改變的影響。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文。54. 樊春雪(1992):國中國小學生解彈簧問題與排水體積問題之法則分析-法則評鑑取向。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
55. 賴篁川(1994):年長孩童的水循環概念和物質組成模式。國立台灣師範大學地球科學研究所碩士論文。56. 鍾聖校(1990):認知心理學。頁165-177。台北:心理出版社。
57. 關文運譯,<<哲學原理>>笛卡爾著,商務印書館,1960。
英文部分:
1. Andersson, B. (1980) .Some aspects of children’s understanding of boiling point, in Archenhold, W.F., Driver, R., Orton, A. and Wood-Robindon, C. (eds), Cgnitive Development Research in Science and Mathematics, Proceedings of an International Seminar, 17-21 September 1979, University of Leeds.
2. Andersson.B.(1990):Pupils conceptions of matter and its transformations (age 12-16). Studies in Science Education, 18, p53-85.
3. Ausubel,P.D(1978).Educational psychology:A cognitive view. New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston.
4. Bar, V., & Travis, A.S. (1991). Children’s views concerning phase changes, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, V28, p363-382.
5. Beeth, M.E. (1998). Teaching for conceptual change: Using status as a metacognitive tool. Science Teacher Education, p343-p362.
6. Biddulph, F., & Osborne, R. (1984) .Children’s questions and science teaching: An alternative approach. Floating and sinking: Some teaching suggestions. Learning in science project (Primary). Working Paper No.117[February 1984 and November 1983 versions].
7. Bruner,I.,(1960).The process of education. Cambridge. MA: Harvard Univ.Press.
8. Carey,S.(1985), Coceptual Change in Childhood (MIT Press, Canbrudge, Mass)
9. Carey,S.(1985).Conceptualchange in childhood . Cambridge,MA : Mit Press.
10. Carey, S. (1988), Conceptual differences between children and adults, Mind Language, Vol. 3. No. 3, p167-181.
11. Chang, J.Y. (1997). Intermediate students’ views concerning evaporation, condensation and boiling, Chinese Journal of Science Education, V5, p321-346.
12. Cosgrove, M. and Osborne, R. (1980) Physical changes, LISP Working Paper 26, Science Education Research Unit, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
13. de Vos, W., & Waarki,A.J.(1990). Relating macroscopic phenomena to microscopic particles. Utrecht, The Netherlands: University of Utrecht.
14. Dow, W.M., Auld, J. and Wilson, D. (1978). Pupils’ concepts of gases, liquids and solids, Dundee College of Education.
15. Duit, Treagust, Mansfield (1996). Investigating student understanding as a prerequisite to improving teaching and learning in science and mathematics, In
16. Duschl,R.A.(1990).Restructuring science education : The importance of theories and their development. New York : Teacher College Press.
17. Gange. R., (1988). Principles of instructional design, 3rd edition. New York. Holt,Rinehart and Winston.Glover, J.A., Ronning, R.R. & Brunnung, R.H. (1990). Cognitive Psychology for Teachers. NEW York: Macmillan.
18. Glynn, S.M., Yeany, R.H., &Britton, B.K. (1991). The Psychology of Learning Science, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
19. Golberson, T., & Mintz, R. (1983). The influence of training for the atomistic schem on the development of the density concept among gifted and nongifted children. Journal of Applied
20. Hewson, M.G., & Hewson, P.W. (1983). Effect of instruction using student’s prior knowledge and conceptual change strategies on science learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20(8), 731-743.
21. Holding, B. (1987) .Investigation of school children’s understanding of the process of dissolving with special reference to the conservation of matter and the development of atomistic ideas, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds.
22. Jones, B.L. and Lynch, P.P. (1989) .Children’s understanding of the notions of solid and liquid in relation to some common substances, International Journal of Science Education ,11(4):417-27.
23. Kuhn,T.S.(1972):The Structure of Science Revolution。Univ. of Chicago Press。
24. Kuhn,T.S.(1977):The Essential Tension, Slected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change。The University of Chicago Press。
25. Kuhn,T.S.(1989):Possible worlds in History of Science。Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 65。
26. Lawson,A.E., Abraham,M.R.&Renner,J.W.(1989). A theory of instruction : Using the learning cycle to teach science concepts and thinking skills. NARST Monograph. No1.
27. Martin,R.et al. (1998). Science for all children: methods for constructing understanding. Allyn and Bacon.
28. Metz, K.E. (1995). Reassessment of developmental constrains on children’s science in struction. Review of Educational Research, V65, p93-127.
29. Mintzes,j., Wandersee, J., & Novak, J. (1998). Meaningful learning in science: The Human Constructivist perspective. In G.D. Phye (ed.). Handbook of Academic Learning. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
30. Nakhleh,M.B.(1994).Students’ models of matter in the context of acid-base chemistry, Journal of Chemical Education, 71, p494-499.
31. Nersessian,N.J.(1995):Constructive Modeling in Doing and Learning Physics。Science and Education 4, 203-226。
32. Nakhlem, M.(1992). Why some students don’t learn chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 69(3). P191-196
33. Newton, I., Unpublished Scientific Papers, edited by Hall A.R., Cambrigde,1978.
34. Newton, I. Opticks, London, 1730.4th editions of1930, p268.
35. Nersser,U.(1987):Introduction: The ecological and Intellectual bases of cognitive psychology。Cambridge: Cambridge University Press。
36. Novick, S. and Nussbaum, J. (1978) .Junior high school pupils’ understanding of the particulate nature of matter: An interview study, Science Education 62(3):273-81
37. Nussbaum, J. (1985) .The particulate nature of matter in the gaseous phrase. In Driver, R., Guesne, E. and Tiberghien, A. (eds), Children’s Ideas in Science, Open University Press, Milton Keynes, pp. 124-44.
38. Nussbaum, J.(1998).History and Philosphy of Science and the preparation for Consructivist Teaching:The case of Particle Theory,In Mintzes,Wanderness &Novak,(eds). Teaching Science for Understanding:A Human Constructivist View .Academic Press.165-194.
39. Osborne, R.J. & Gibert, J.K. (1980): A method for investigating concept understanding in science. European Journal of Science Education, 2(3), 311-321.
40. Osborne, R.(1982): Toward a framework. Learning in Science Project (Primary). Working Paper No.101. ED 252384.
41. Osborne, R. & Wittrock, M.C. (1983). Learning Science: A Generative Process. Science Education, V67(4), p489-508.
42. Osborne, R.J., & Cosgrove, M.M. (1983). Children’s conception of changes of state of water, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, V27, p825-838.
43. Osborne, R and Wittrock, M.(1985): the generative learning model and implications for science education. Studies in science education, 12, p59-87.
44. Piaget, J. & Inhelder, B.(1958) .The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence, New York: Basic Book.
45. Piaget,J.(1968):The Structuralism。University of France, Paris.
46. Piaget, J (1970). The Child’s Conception of Physical Causality. Great Britain : Redwood.
47. Piaget, J.(1972):The priciple of genetic epistemoloty。Routledge and Kegan, Paul, London。
48. Ponser, M.I. & Mitchell, R.F. (1967). Chronometric analysis of classification. Psychological Review, 74, 194-227.
49. Popper, K,R. (1968): The logic of scientific discovery, 2nd ed., Hutchinsion, London.
50. Pfundt.H.,& Duit.R. (1994). Students’ alternative frameworks and science education. Kiel, Germany Institute for science education.
51. Rowell, J.A., Dawson, C.J. and Lyndon, H. (1990) .Changing misconceptions: a challenge to science educators, International Journal of Science Education 12(2): 167-75.
52. Ryan, A.G.,&Aikenhead,G.S.(1992).Students‘ preconceptions about the epistemology of science. Science Education, 76, 559-580.
53. Stavy, R. and Stachel, D. (1984). Children’s ideas about ‘solid’ and ‘liquid’, Israeli Science Teaching Centre, School of Education, Tel Aviv University.
54. Stavy, R. (1988). Acquisition of conserbation of matter. Paper presented at the Second Conference on Misconceptions, July. Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
55. Stavy, R. (1990). Children’s conception of changes in the state of matter from liquid (or solid) to gas, Journal of Research in Science Teaching V27, p247-266.
56. Stavy, R. (1990). Pupil’s problems in understanding conservation of matter, International Journal of Science Education, V12, p501-512.
57. Stavy, R. (1991). Using analogy to overcome misconceptions about conservation of matter, Journal of Research in Science Teaching V28, p305-313.
58. Stepans, J., Dyche, S., & Beiswenger, R. (1988). The effect of two instructional models in bringing about a conceptual change in the understanding of science concepts by prospective elementary teacher. Science Education, 72(2), 185-196.
59. Sternberg R.J., & French P.A., (1996). Mechanisms of Transfer. In Detterman,
60. Thagard, P.(1992): Conceptual Revolutions, Princeton University Press.
61. Treagust.D.F. ,Duit,R. & Fraser,B.J. Improving Teaching and Learning in Science and Mathematics. Teacher college Press. 1996.
62. Treagust D.F. & Smith, C.L. (1989): secondary students’ understanding of gravity and the motion of planets. School science and mathematics, 89(5), 380-391.
63. Treagust.D.F.,Duit,R. & Fraser,B.J.Improving Teaching and Learning in Science and Mathematics. Teacher College Press. 1996.
64. Treagust (1988). Development and use if diagnostic tests to evaluate students’ misconceptions in science. International Journal of Science Education, 10(2), 159-169
65. Treisman, A.M. (1986). Features and objects in vision processiong. Scientific American, Vol. 254, No.11.
66. Varelas, M. (1996). Between theory and data in a seventh-grade science class. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33, (3), 229-263.
67. Ward, A. (1984). Middle school science notes : ideas on teaching volume and density in the primary school. School Science Review, 65(232), 553-556.