臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在衍生音韻學的早期，音節在理論中並未給予一個重要的地位。然而，在最近的一、二十年間，音節已被證明有其重要的功能。音節被視為基本的構音單位及音韻規則所應用的範疇。

本文的主要目的是探討框架莫拉音節結構在閩南語中的應用，以便於處理先前的音節理論所遺留下來的問題。本文首先回顧之前用來表示閩南語音節的音節理論：傳統音節結構、框架音節理論與莫拉音節理論。其次，進一步討論這些音節理論所遺留下的問題。大部分的音節理論都無法解釋VG與VC的不同，同時也對閩南語中的重要音韻現象 — 秘密語的形成，鼻音化與鼻音異化，與唇音異化 — 產生了解釋上的困難。

接著，本文呈現框架莫拉音節結構。首先，本文討論這個具有四個層次（音節、莫拉、框架、及個別單音）的音節結構之理論基礎。每個閩南語音節包含兩個莫拉，其中第一個莫拉控管兩個框架。第一個莫拉下的框架數量決定於音韻延長現象。再者，本文中也探討元音前與原音後介音的地位問題，其中元音前介音屬韻，而非屬聲。接著，本文中提供了一套分音節的程序。此音節結構適當地解決先前的音節理論所留下的問題。

最後，本文後半部將框架莫拉音節結構運用到秘密語的形成、鼻音化與鼻音異化、及唇音異化上。在這些閩南語的音韻現象中，莫拉在於規範音韻範疇上扮演著重要的角色。在秘密語形成中，所被複製的部分可以用莫拉來加以定義。再者，莫拉在劃分鼻音化與鼻音異化，及唇音異化與OCP[back]所應用的音韻範疇上也極為有用。

In early generative phonology, the syllable was not given a place in the theory. However, during one or two decades recently, syllables are proven to possess significant functions. Syllable is viewed as the basic phonotactic unit and the domain of phonological rules.

The purpose of the study is to explore segmental-moraic syllable structure in Southern Min (SM) in order to deal with the inadequacies left by previous syllable theories. In the thesis, previous syllable theories in representing SM syllables — traditional syllable structure, segmental syllable theory and moraic syllable theory — are first reviewed. Then, I further discuss the problems left by these syllable theories. With some specific inadequacies, most syllable theories fail to account for the difference between VG and VC structures. Such failure causes a great difficulty in explaining significant phonological behaviors — secret language formation, nasalization and nasal dissimilation, and labial dissimilation — in SM.

I, then, present the segmental-moraic syllable structure. I first discuss the theoretical foundations of this syllable structure, represented as a four-level structure: syllable, mora, skeleton and segment. Every SM syllable contains two moras, the first of which dominates either one or two skeletons. The number of skeletons under the first mora is determined by universally phonological lengthening. Moreover, I explore the status of pre- and postvocalic glides, the former of which belongs to part of the rime, not the onset. Then, I provide a syllabification procedure to represent SM syllables by segmental-moraic syllable structure. This structure properly solves some of the problems left by previous syllable theories.

Finally, I apply segmental-moraic syllable structure to secret language formation, nasalization and nasal dissimilation, and labial dissimilation. Within these phonological phenomena in SM, mora plays a significant role in defining the phonological domains. What is indeed reduplicated in secret language formation can be defined in terms of mora. Moreover, mora is also useful to demarcate not only the domain of nasalization and nasal dissimilation but also the domains to which labial dissimilation and OCP [back] are applied.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT iii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 ~ 7
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Phonology of Southern Min 1
1.2 Issues of the Study 4
1.3 The Significance of the Study 6
1.4 Outline of the Study 6

CHAPTER TWO: PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON SOUTHERN MIN SYLLABLE
STRUCTURE 8 ~ 33
2.0 Introduction 8
2.1 Traditional Syllable Structure 8
2.1.1 A Brief Sketch of Traditional Syllable Structure 8
2.1.2 Inadequacies of Traditional Syllable Structure 10
2.1.3 Summary 11
2.2 Segmental Theory 11
2.2.1 A Brief Sketch of Segmental Theory 12
2.2.2 Application of Segmental Theory in Southern Min 15
2.2.3 Weaknesses of Segmental Theory in Southern Min 23
2.2.4 Summary 25
2.3 Moraic Theory 26
2.3.1 A Brief Sketch of Moraic Theory 26
2.3.2 Application and Problems of Moraic Theory in SM 28
2.3.3 Summary 31
2.4 Summary of Chapter Two 32

CHAPTER THREE: SEGMENTAL-MORAIC SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 34 ~ 66
3.0 Introduction 34
3.1 Segmental-Moraic Syllable Structure 35
3.1.1 Every SM syllable is heavy 36
3.1.2 Vowel Lengthening 39
3.1.3 Summary 40
3.2 The Status of Prevocalic Glides 42
3.2.1 Prevocalic Glides are Part of the Onset: Duanmu’s
Proposal 43
3.2.2 Problems with Duanmu’s Analysis 45
3.2.3 Prevocalic Glides are Part of the Rime 46
3.2.4 Summary 49
3.3 Discrepancies between VG and VC 50
3.3.1 Correspondences of Rime Changes Between Literary Reading
and Colloquial Reading 51
3.3.2 OCP [back] 54
3.3.3 Secret Language Formation 55
3.3.4 Nasalization and Nasal Dissimilation 56
3.3.5 Labial Dissimilation 57
3.3.6 Summary 58
3.4 Syllabification Rules and Syllabification Algorithm in
SMSS 58
3.5 Summary of Chapter Three 65

CHAPTER FOUR: SOUTHERN MIN, MORA, AND SMSS 67 ~ 101
4.0 Introduction 67
4.1 La-mi Secret Language Formation 69
4.1.1 Introduction 69
4.1.2 A Brief Literature Review of Secret Language Formation 70
4.1.2.1 The Analysis of Yip (1982) 71
4.1.2.2 The Analysis of Li (1985) 73
4.1.2.3 The Analysis of Bao (1990) 74
4.1.3 Our Analysis of Secret Language by SMSS 75
4.2 Nasalization and Nasal Dissimilation 80
4.2.1 Introduction 80
4.2.2 A Brief Literature Review on the Status of Nasal
Feature 82
4.2.2.1 [Nasal] is a Segment Feature(Tung, 1957; Zhang, 1993) 82
4.2.2.2 [Nasal] is a Syllable Feature(Li, 1992; Wang, 1995) 83
4.2.2.3 [Nasal] is a Morphemic Feature (Chung, 1995, 1996) 85
4.2.3 Our Analysis of Nasalization and Nasal Dissimilation by
SMSS 87
4.3 Labial Dissimilation 92
4.3.1 Introduction 92
4.3.2 A Brief Literature Review on Labial Dissimilation 94
4.3.2.1 The Analysis of Duanmu (1990) 94
4.3.2.2 The Analysis of Chung (1992, 1996) 95
4.3.3 Our Analysis of Labial Dissimilation by SMSS 97
4.4 Summary of Chapter Four 102

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 104~107
5.0 Introduction 104
5.1 Contributions of the Study 105
5.2 Potential Issues for Further Study 106

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