臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣位於亞熱帶，全年平均溫度甚高，尤其在熱季時，公豬因受熱緊迫之影響而降低其精液性狀。因此，在公豬之飼養管理上，如何得以降低其受高溫環境的影響，需要深入的探討。本研究之目的即在深入探討水簾式豬舍對改善公豬精液性狀及母豬繁殖性能之影響。試驗分二項：試驗一於台糖公司位於台灣北部和南部具有水簾式公豬舍之畜殖場各一處，選取12~24月齡，體形與睪丸形態相似之杜洛克公豬各12頭，逢機分成二組，每組6頭。試驗時分別飼養於同一畜殖場之水簾式豬舍(試驗組)和一般豬舍(對照組)。另選取4至5胎齡之二品種(LY或YL)經產母豬16頭，逢機分成二組，試驗組與對照組各8頭。各組分別以取自試驗組或對照組之精液行人工授精配種，並分析其繁殖性能。試驗二以台糖公司全省17個畜殖場為對象，採集飼養於水簾式公豬舍(試驗組)和一般公豬舍(對照組)之公豬精液，測量其性狀，並分析其對受配母豬之分娩率與分娩頭數之影響。
試驗一之結果顯示，自水簾式豬舍之公豬所採得的精液量、精子濃度、總精子數及精子活力均較一般豬舍者極顯著(P<0.001)提高，精子畸形率則降低極顯著(P<0.001)。關於受胎率、出生總頭數及活仔數等母豬繁殖性能方面，水簾式豬舍均較一般豬舍顯著為佳(P<0.05)。從5到10月之試驗期間，水簾式豬舍之平均最高舍內溫度為28℃，一般豬舍之平均最高舍內溫度為32℃。整體而言，一般豬舍比水簾式豬舍之溫度約高2∼5℃。
試驗二之結果顯示，公豬飼養於水簾式豬舍者，於夏季時之精液量顯著(P<0.05)增加，且其精子濃度於每季均為穩定，而飼養於一般豬舍之公豬精子濃度則受季節所影響，春、冬季之精子濃度較高，夏季較低。水簾式豬舍與非水簾式豬舍之公豬總精子數於春、夏及秋季均有顯著之差異(P<0.05)，在冬季則差異不顯著。精子活力方面，水簾式豬舍遠較非水簾式豬舍者為佳，在夏季之差異極為顯著(P<0.001)，在秋季時之差異亦極顯著(P<0.01)，在冬季亦有顯著之差異(P<0.05)。水簾式公豬舍與非水簾式公豬舍對分娩率和分娩頭數等之影響差異不顯著，但經由水簾式豬舍之公豬所提供之精液配種者，其繁殖性能有較好的趨勢。測量不同溫控豬舍之溫度，結果顯示各場自5月起至10月止之氣溫漸升高，此期間，水簾舍內之最高溫度為28~30℃，而水簾舍外之最高溫為30~34℃。
綜合試驗一與試驗二之結果顯示，水簾式豬舍在公豬精液性狀及母豬繁殖性能等方面均具有良好的功效，較一般豬舍優良。因此，於炎熱的季節，採用水簾式豬舍應可提高種公豬之生產效益，進而降低生產成本。

Heat stress is an important issue on boar semen quality. Several researches conducted to improve boar semen quality have been reported. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the influence of wet pad and forced ventilation house on boar semen properties and sow reproductive performances.
Two experiments including a comparison of semen properties and sow reproductive performances, and a comparison of Duroc boar performances from south and north area of Taiwan were evaluated.
Experiment I：
Twelve Duroc boars with similar body type and testicle size were selected from one of north and one of south Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC) pig farms respectively. In each pig farm, twelve boars were divided into two groups, six boars in each, and were raised in wet pad and forced ventilation house and in no pad and fan equipped house (control) separately. Sixteen sows, between four and five litters delivered, were selected for reproductive performance test after artificial insemination.
Semen volume, sperm count, total sperm count and motility of wet pad and forced ventilation house group were highly significantly higher (P<0.001) than those of no pad and fan equipped house group. The abnormality of wet pad and forced ventilation house group was highly significantly lower (P<0.001) than that of no pad and fan equipped house group. For conception rate, total new born, new born alive, the wet pad and forced ventilation house group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of no pad and fan equipped house group.
Experiment II：
Evaluation was performed in seventeen TSC pig farms located nation wide in Taiwan. Semen was collected from boars which were raised in wet pad and forced ventilation house and no pad and fan equipped house (control) respectively. Semen properties including volume, sperm count, motility and abnormality were determined. The farrowing rate and litter size were also analyzed after artificial insemination.
Wet pad and forced ventilation house group, sperm count was stable during whole year and was significantly higher (P<0.05) than no pad and fan equipped house group except in winter. In summer, semen volume increased significantly (P<0.05). For motility, wet pad and forced ventilation house group was significantly to highly significantly higher than no pad and fan equipped house group in different seasons (winter P<0.05, fall P<0.01, summer P<0.001). For farrowing rate and litter size, there were no significant difference (P>0.05) between two groups, but there was a trend that wet pad and forced ventilation house group was better. During the hot season, from May to October, the highest inside house temperature of wet pad and forced ventilation house was 28-30℃, and the highest environmental temperature was 36℃ at the same time. In general, the inside house temperature of wet pad and forced ventilation house was 2-5℃ lower than no pad and fan equipped house.
In conclusion, the wet pad and forced ventilation house provided a lower inside house temperature condition. The quality of boar semen and sow reproductive performance were improved by raising boars in wet pad and forced ventilation house. The cost of pig production could therefore be reduced by using wet pad and forced ventilation house.

目 錄
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------ I
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------ IV
誌謝------------------------------------------------------------------------ VII
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------ VIII
表次索引------------------------------------------------------------------ X
圖次索引------------------------------------------------------------------ XII
壹、前言------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
貳、文獻探討------------------------------------------------------------ 3
一、豬之繁殖生理----------------------------------------------- 3
(一) 公豬之繁殖生理(含精子生成)----------------------- 3
(二) 豬之內分泌調控---------------------------------------- 12
(三) 豬之性行為---------------------------------------------- 13
二、高環境溫度對豬隻之影響-------------------------------- 17
(一) 簡介------------------------------------------------------- 17
(二) 高溫對公豬之影響------------------------------------- 18
三、改善高溫環境之方法-------------------------------------- 24
(一) 屋頂材料------------------------------------------------- 24
(二) 水浴------------------------------------------------------- 24
(三) 通風------------------------------------------------------- 26
(四) 淋浴------------------------------------------------------- 28
四、水簾式豬舍-------------------------------------------------- 33
(一) 水簾式豬舍之發展與基本原理---------------------- 33
(二) 水簾式豬舍之設計------------------------------------- 34
(三) 水簾式豬舍冷卻豬之基本效益---------------------- 34
(四) 台糖興建水簾式豬舍之理由(緣起)----------------- 35
五、人工授精站和水簾式豬舍之關係----------------------- 38
(一) 人工授精之應用---------------------------------------- 38
(二) 應用人工授精之優點---------------------------------- 39
(三) 人工授精之實施---------------------------------------- 40
(四) 豬隻人工授精與精液供應中心之相關性---------- 45
(五) 水簾式豬舍對公豬精液性狀及繁殖性能之研究- 46
參、材料與方法--------------------------------------------------------- 48
一、水簾設備----------------------------------------------------- 48
二、試驗一、熱季（5月~10月）期間之試驗------------- 48
三、試驗二、全年（1月~12月）期間之試驗------------ 51
四、統計分析----------------------------------------------------- 53
肆、結果與討論--------------------------------------------------------- 56
試驗一、熱季（5月~10月）期間之試驗-------------------- 56
試驗二、全年（1月~12月）期間之試驗------------------- 75
伍、結論------------------------------------------------------------------ 99
陸、參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------ 100
柒、附件------------------------------------------------------------------ 110
作者簡介------------------------------------------------------------------ 141

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