臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文建立一套具備科學的及計劃性的豬場口蹄疫監測系統，應用電腦程式語言Delphi及SQL Serve資料庫建構網路資料庫系統，有效率的存取、整合及分析檢測結果。自2000年6月（口蹄疫爆發後3年）起每半年對台灣之豬場進行一次口蹄疫血清學之監測，至2001年11月止共進行4次，計檢測330個豬場共803個場次之母豬及肉豬血清樣本合計41,544個。結果顯示，肉豬中和（SN）抗體力價（Log10 SN50）從2000年6月之1.45±0.93，顯著（p<0.05）上升至2000年11月之1.67±0.19，之後則連續顯著（p<0.05）下降至1.38至1.42之間；母豬之結果與肉豬之變化情形相似。肉豬非結構蛋白（NSP）抗體陽性率，從2000年6月之0.45%，顯著（p<0.05）下降至2000年11月之0.07%，之後亦維持在0.11%至0.13%之間；母豬之NSP抗體陽性率亦從2000年6月之5.4%，連續顯著（p<0.05）下降至2001年11月的2.2%。進一步分析顯示，肉豬口蹄疫疫苗之免疫適期為8至12週齡進行第一次注射，4週後補強一次即可；而豬隻於8週齡時應用高品質之疫苗免疫一次，其出售前之SN抗體力價與免疫二次者無顯著差異（p>0.05）；新母豬則必需於完成基礎免疫後，配種前再進行一次補強注射，之後則於每胎分娩前3-4週免疫一次或全場每4個月或每6個月免疫一次。綜上結果，台灣豬群在全面免疫之下其NSP抗體陽性率已降至極低水準，顯示只有極少數豬場可能仍有病毒活動；但口蹄疫SN抗體力價則有日愈降低之趨勢，疫苗免疫有待加強。

A planned and scientific surveillance system for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was established in this study. A network database system was constructed using Delphi programming language and SQL server database system to effectively store, recall, compile and analyze the test results. Four serological surveillances were carried out started from June, 2000 (3 years post outbreak of FMD) with an interval of 6 months. A total of 41,544 serum samples were collected from 330 pig farms (803 batches) for serological tests. Results showed that the mean serum neutralization (SN) antibody titer (Log10SN50) for finishers was significantly (p<0.05) increased from 1.45±0.93 to 1.67±0.19 from June, 2000 to November, 2000, but significantly (p<0.05) decreased to between 1.38 and 1.42 thereafter. Similar result as shown in finishers was observed for the SN titers of sows. The frequency of finishers with antibodies to FMD virus nonstructural protein (NSP) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 0.45% to 0.07% from June, 2000 to November, 2000 and continually maintained a low level of between 0.11% and 0.13% thereafter. The frequency of sows with antibodies to FMD virus NSP was also continually and significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 5.4% to 2.2% from June, 2000 to November, 2001. Statistical analysis of test results indicated that the suitable vaccination program for pigs is vaccinated at the age between 8 to 12 weeks for the first immunization, followed by a boost 4 weeks later. There was no significant difference between the SN titers of pig vaccinated once at the age of 8 weeks with a high potent vaccine and those of pigs vaccinated twice. Gilts that received two basic vaccinations need to be boosted before breeding and revaccinated 3 to 4 weeks before each farrowing or every 4 to 6 months. In conclusion, the frequency of pigs with NSP antibody continually decreased after the outbreak of FMD and reached a very low level demonstrated low viral activity in pig populations; however, the SN titers for pigs also exhibited a continually decrease indicates that effort need to be paid to the vaccination program.

目 錄
頁次
中文摘要 …………………………………………………… Ⅰ
英文摘要 …………………………………………………… Ⅲ
誌 謝 …………………………………………………… Ⅴ
目 錄 ………………………………………………………… Ⅵ
圖 次 ………………………………………………………… Ⅷ
表 次 ………………………………………………………… Ⅸ
第 一 章 前言 …………………………………………………… 1
第 二 章 文獻探討 ……………………………………………… 2
2.1 口蹄疫之歷史背景 ………………………………………… 2
2.2 病毒特性 …………………………………………………… 3
2.3 流行病學 …………………………………………………… 6
2.4 致病機轉、臨床症狀及組織病變 ………………………… 9
2.5 疾病之診斷 ………………………………………………… 10
2.6 口蹄疫疫苗與免疫反應 …………………………………… 13
2.7 預防控制與撲滅策略 ……………………………………… 22
第 三 章 材料與方法 …………………………………………… 28
3.1 豬場口蹄疫血清學監測 …………………………………… 28
3.2 新母豬免疫適期試驗 ……………………………………… 29
3.3 肉豬施打一次口蹄疫疫苗試驗 …………………………… 30
3.4 血清中和（SN）抗體檢測 ………………………………… 31
3.5 非結構蛋白抗體檢測 ……………………………………… 33
3.6 統計分析 …………………………………………………… 36
第 四 章 結果 …………………………………………………… 37
4.1 豬場口蹄疫血清學監測 …………………………………… 37
4.2 新母豬以不同方式免疫後之SN抗體力價 ………………… 40
4.3 肉豬施打一次疫苗後之抗體力價變化 …………………… 40
第 五 章 討論 …………………………………………………… 42
5.1 血清學監測結果 …………………………………………… 42
5.2 肉豬免疫適期 ……………………………………………… 44
5.3 母豬免疫適期 ……………………………………………… 48
5.4 從血清學監測中評估台灣停止施打口蹄疫疫苗之風險 … 49
5.5 結論 ………………………………………………………… 51
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 64
附 錄 ………………………………………………………… 78
作者簡介 ………………………………………………………… 89
圖 次
頁次
圖1.監測豬場分佈圖 …………………………………………… 52
圖2.新母豬以不同方式免疫後之中和抗體力價 ……………… 53
圖3.母豬移行抗體對仔豬疫苗免疫後之抗體力價影響 ……… 54
表 次
頁次
表1.不同監測時間肉豬SN抗體力價 …………………………… 55
表2.不同監測時間母豬SN抗體力價 …………………………… 56
表3.肉豬以不同免疫方式免疫二次後之SN抗體力價 ………… 57
表4.肉豬以不同廠牌疫苗免疫二次後之SN抗體力價 ………… 58
表5.肉豬以不同間距免疫二次後之SN抗體力價 ……………… 59
表6.不同監測時間豬隻非結構蛋白（NSP）抗體陽性率 ……… 60
表7.肉豬不同年齡施打一次口蹄疫疫苗後之SN抗體力價變化
（試驗1）……………………………………………………… 61
表8.肉豬不同年齡施打一次口蹄疫疫苗後之SN抗體力價變化
（試驗2）……………………………………………………… 62
表9.3AB ELISA與3B ELISA併用後之敏感性、特異性及陽性
與陰性預測值 ……………………………………………… 63

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