臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討東港以及台東海域產鬼頭刀(Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758)肌肉與肝臟組織內的總汞與有機汞濃度。目的乃因鬼頭刀為海洋食物鏈高階消費者，可能會有高濃度的汞蓄積影響其肌肉被民眾消費的食用安全性；並同時與其他海洋高階消費者相較，瞭解不同魚種之間的差異；最後，探討其肌肉內汞的蓄積模式是否吻合Holsbeek等人所發現的魚類汞蓄積的三種模式之一。
本研究共分析209尾鬼頭刀樣品(東港：雄魚11尾，雌魚23尾；台東：雄魚92尾，雌魚83尾)。其中，台東鬼頭刀樣品以集合樣品方式處理後得58個實驗序號(雄魚27個，雌魚24個)。汞濃度的測定是以冷蒸氣原子吸收光譜儀搭配氫化裝置進行分析。
東港與台東兩地的鬼頭刀樣品在尾叉長(FL)與體重(BW)皆無明顯雌雄與地點的差異。尾叉長與體重的關係式為BW = 0.00005FL2.7443。鬼頭刀肌肉的總汞與有機汞的平均濃度與範圍分別為0.138 (0.045~0.506)及0.103 (0.009~0.388)μg/g wet wt.；而肝臟方面，則分別為0.103 (0.037~0.260)與0.077 (0.003~0.249)μg/g wet wt.。這些測值皆低於WHO之食用安全限值，亦遠低於鯊、鮪等魚類的測值。
兩地鬼頭刀樣品的總汞與有機汞濃度亦皆無顯著的雌雄差異。組織間則呈現總汞濃度在兩地皆是肌肉明顯的高於肝臟的情形；而有機汞則只有台東的樣品出現肌肉高於肝臟的情形。地點間的差異，呈現出肌肉內的有機汞濃度是台東顯著高於東港；肝臟內的總汞與有機汞濃度亦是台東高於東港的情形。此外總汞與有機汞間以及肌肉與肝臟間，皆存在顯著的直線正相關。組織內的汞濃度與尾叉長、體重間，皆無明顯的直線或曲線相關性。
最後，鬼頭刀肌肉中的總汞與有機汞的蓄積模式類似於Holsbeek等人所提之Type I模式，在尾叉長大於120公分時，僅肌肉內的有機汞呈現濃度最高的情形，但總汞與無機汞卻無明顯差異，故推測與Type I模式相似。

The aims of this study include (1) Examine the total mercury and organic mercury concentrations in the muscle and liver tissues of dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus that collected in Tungkang and Taitung, Taiwan, in order to understand their safety consumption by human beings due to their high trophic level in a marine ecosystem; (2) Investigate the species difference in comparison to other marine high trophic organisms, e.g. shark, tuna; (3) Look for the pattern of Hg bioaccumulation to see whether it matches the three models defined by Holsbeek et al.
A total of 209 samples of Coryphaena hippurus were collected from Tungkang and Taitung. In the 34 samples from Tungkang, males and females were 11 and 23, respectively, whereas 197 samples from Taitung included 92 males and 83 females. Samples from Tungkang were investigated individually, but those from Taitung were pooled by size into 58 samples, 27 males and 24 females. The Hg levels in the samples were wet digested and determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The results showed that there was no gender and site difference in the relationship between fork length and body weight in both Tungkang and Taitung samples. The relationship was BW = 0.00005 FL2.7443. The mean and range of total and organic Hg concentrations in muscles and livers of dolphinfish were 0.138 (0.045~0.506) and 0.103 (0.009~0.388), and 0.103 (0.037~0.260) and 0.077 (0.003~0.249), respectively. These concentrations were lower than the WHO food safety level for human consumption and Hg concentrations of shark and tuna.
The total Hg concentrations in the muscles were significantly higher than those in livers in both sites. However, only samples of Taitung revealed the organic Hg concentrations of muscles were higher than those of livers. Concerning the site difference, the muscle concentrations of organic Hg, and the liver concentrations of total and organic Hg in Taitung were higher than those of Tungkang. There was positive linear relationship between total and organic Hg as well as in muscle and liver. However, no significant relationship was found between the Hg concentrations and fork length/body weight.
The Hg bioaccumulative model of dolphinfish was similiar with Holsbeek et al.’s models. In muscle, the largest sizes of the fish contained the highest organic Hg levels. In companying with no variation of total and inorganic Hg, it looks like Type I model of Holsbeek et al.’s results.

章次 頁次
中文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------II
目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------IV
表目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------VI
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------VII
附表目錄------------------------------------------------------------------VIII
附圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------IX
謝辭---------------------------------------------------------------------------X
壹、前言----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
貳、材料方法----------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.1樣品採集------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2樣品前處理---------------------------------------------------------------9
2.3樣品消化前處理-------------------------------------------------------10
2.4標準溶液配製----------------------------------------------------------13
2.5品保及品管-------------------------------------------------------------14
2.6樣品分析----------------------------------------------------------------14
2.7數據處理與統計分析-------------------------------------------------16
參、結果--------------------------------------------------------------------------17
3.1鬼頭刀之基礎生物參數----------------------------------------------17
3.2標準查核樣品分析----------------------------------------------------17
3.3肌肉與肝臟組織中汞濃度的雌雄比較----------------------------18
3.4汞濃度在組織間的差異----------------------------------------------18
3.5汞濃度在地點間的差異----------------------------------------------18
3.6總汞與有機汞之間的相關性----------------------------------------19
3.7汞濃度在肌肉與肝臟組織中的相關性----------------------------19

3.8肌肉、肝臟中汞濃度與尾叉長、體重的關係-------------------19
3.9總汞、有機汞與無機汞濃度與尾叉長、體重的關係----------20
肆、討論--------------------------------------------------------------------------22
4.1汞含量在肌肉與肝臟組織的關係----------------------------------22
4.2總汞、有機汞含量與尾叉長、體重的相關性-------------------23
4.3鬼頭刀肌肉內汞含量的蓄積模式----------------------------------25
4.4鬼頭刀體內總汞含量與其他海洋高階消費者的比較----------26
4.5鬼頭刀肌肉內汞含量對於食用性的安全顧慮-------------------27
伍、參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------29
陸、表-----------------------------------------------------------------------------36
柒、圖-----------------------------------------------------------------------------43
捌、附表--------------------------------------------------------------------------56
玖、附圖--------------------------------------------------------------------------79

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