臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以高屏溪河口地區為對象，採用交錯流動過濾系統分離濃縮重金屬物種，期能了解各重金屬物種的含量，建立重金屬物種間的關係，提升重金屬研究之深度。研究子題包括重金屬存在物種含量及分佈、鹽度及季節變化對重金屬存在物種之影響、重金屬與總有機碳之關係。在高屏溪河口依鹽度梯度設置四個測站，於豐、枯水期採取水樣進行分析。分析項目包括鹽度、pH值、溶氧、濁度、總有機碳、各重金屬物種含量。
實驗結果顯示高屏溪河口水域中以錳( 8.23 ~ 291.24 μg/L )含量最高，其次依序為鋅( 2.83 ~ 5.89 μg/L )、鎳( 1.69 ~ 5.82 μg/L )、銅( 1.75 ~ 4.71 μg/L )、鉛( 0.27 ~ 0.89 μg/L )、鎘( 0.01 ~ 0.27 μg/L )。高屏溪河口各元素主要存在物種可分成三種類型，以顆粒態為主：鎘，以真溶解態為主：銅，以顆粒態及真溶解態為主：鋅、鎳、錳、鉛。
對溶解態而言，重金屬銅、鋅、鎳、錳、鉛、鎘主要皆以真溶解態的型式存在，膠體的比例都不高，分別為9 ~ 33 ﹪、5 ~ 21 ﹪、4 ~ 32 ﹪、4 ~ 38 ﹪、5 ~ 36 ﹪、8 ~ 34 ﹪。季節變化對重金屬物種分佈的影響並不顯著，而鹽度增加時，重金屬銅、鋅、鎳、錳、鉛、鎘的真溶解態百分比皆增加，除了鋅以外，顆粒態百分比則隨鹽度增加而遞減。
銅、鋅、鎳、錳、鉛、鎘在膠態和真溶解態中的分佈係數( Kc )大於在顆粒態和真溶解態中的分佈係數( Kp )，應是由於膠體可提供較大的表面積與重金屬螯合，對於重金屬的傳輸及生地化循環重要性高於懸浮顆粒。

Studies of phase speciation of trace metals were conducted in Kao-ping river estuary in September 2001 and May 2002. Influence of seasonal variation, salinity and organic carbon content on the trace metal’s phase speciation were of special interest. Water samples collected from four different sampling stations were analyzed for their contents which include salinity, pH value, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total organic carbon and trace metals. Subsamples observed by cross-flow filtration treatment were further analyzed for the contents of total organic carbon and trace metals.
The results showed that manganese has the highest concentration( 8.23 ~ 291.24 μg/L ), followed by zinc( 2.83 ~ 5.89 μg/L), nickel( 1.69 ~ 5.82
μg/L ), copper( 1.75 ~ 4.71 μg/L ), lead( 0.27 ~ 0.89 μg/L ) and cadmium( 0.01 ~ 0.27 μg/L ). Cadmium existed in particulate phase predominately. Copper existed in truly dissolved phase predominately. Particle and truly dissolved phase were the major species of zinc, nickel, manganese and lead.
Percentage of all metals in colloidal fraction of the filter-passing pool were low( 9 ~ 16 % for Cu, 5 ~ 21 % for Zn, 4 ~ 30 % for Ni, 2 ~ 38 % for Mn, 5 ~ 30 % for Pb and 8 ~ 34 % for Cd ), they were found predominately in truly dissolved fraction. Effect of seasonal variation was not significant on the distribution of trace metals. Percentage of all truly dissolved metals increased with increasing salinity, however, percentage of particulate metals decreased with increasing salinity ( except for Zn ).
Values of partition coefficients between colloids and true solution( Kc ) were considerably higher than those between particles and true solution( Kp ) for all trace metals indicate a high complexation capacity and binding intensity of colloidal organic matter.

中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------ I
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------ II
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IV
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------- VIII
壹、前言------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
一、文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------------- 1
二、研究方向------------------------------------------------------------- 3
三、研究區域背景資料------------------------------------------------- 5
貳、材料與方法---------------------------------------------------------------- 8
一、實驗藥品及試劑製備---------------------------------------------- 8
(一)、藥品----------------------------------------------------------- 8
(二)、實驗用水----------------------------------------------------- 8
(三)、試劑製備----------------------------------------------------- 8
二、設備及器材---------------------------------------------------------- 8
(一)、交錯流動過濾系統----------------------------------------- 8
(二)、器材清洗----------------------------------------------------- 16
三、實驗方法------------------------------------------------------------- 16
(一)、採樣及分析方法-------------------------------------------- 16
(二)、消化實驗----------------------------------------------------- 20
四、品保與品管---------------------------------------------------------- 20
參、結果------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
一、基本水質------------------------------------------------------------- 23
二、品保與品管---------------------------------------------------------- 23
三、總有機碳TOC分佈------------------------------------------------ 26
四、重金屬分析---------------------------------------------------------- 26
(一)、不同照光時間之效應-------------------------------------- 26
(二)、重金屬分析結果-------------------------------------------- 26
肆、討論------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
一、消化之必要性------------------------------------------------------- 71
二、總有機碳與存在物種---------------------------------------------- 71
(一)、濁度與總有機碳之關係----------------------------------- 71
(二)、溶解態百分比----------------------------------------------- 72
(三)、鹽度與總有機碳之關係----------------------------------- 72
三、重金屬存在物種及分佈------------------------------------------- 76
(一)、重金屬存在物種-------------------------------------------- 76
(二)、膠態重金屬之溶解態百分比----------------------------- 76
(三)、膠態重金屬與膠態有機碳之關係----------------------- 79
(四)、鹽度與重金屬之關係-------------------------------------- 79
(五)、重金屬分佈係數-------------------------------------------- 97
伍、結論------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
陸、參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
附錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106

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