臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以含氯的有機物作為整治試驗之主要標的污染物，探討採用電動力法-Fenton法-催化性鐵粉牆組合技術之整治成效，並藉由L9直交表實驗配置及統計分析，探討不同操作條件下(包括：過氧化氫濃度、鐵粉粒徑、鐵粉添加量、處理時間…等)對於處理效率之效應。由九組定電壓（1V/cm）操作結果的變異數分析(ANOVA)後得知，實驗因子中的過氧化氫濃度、鐵粉添加量與處理時間對1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷(TeCA)之破壞去除率具有非常顯著的影響效果，其貢獻率分別為15.64﹪、11.00﹪與70.87﹪；而實驗因子B(鐵粉粒徑)於本研究中之貢獻率則可忽略不計。由L9直交表實驗結果分析可推估出，本系統在定電壓操作下對於1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷破壞去除之最佳操作條件為過氧化氫濃度2%、鐵粉粒徑50-100 mesh、鐵粉添加量0.2 wt%及處理時間20 days，而在此最佳操作條件下，所得到之總破壞去除率為69.56﹪，操作費用約為672.9元/立方公尺。另外，本研究亦發現，對於電滲透流流量及總破壞去除率而言，定電流操作較定電壓操作好。另外，Test 13在定電流（11mA）操作下，土樣中之1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷總破壞去除率最高(達83.4﹪)，其操作費用約為933.8元/立方公尺。
本研究經由人工配製污染土壤管柱實驗結果證實TCE為TeCA降解之中間產物，且發現以電動力法-Fenton法-催化性鐵粉牆組合技術（Test 17）或電動力法-Fenton法，但未加鐵粉（Test 18）處理TeCA時，主要是因破壞所造成，而只用電動力法（Test 19）處理TeCA時則以移除機制為主。本研究之現地模場試驗經九天之整治即可見顯著之成效，陽極井和陰極井中之氯乙烯、二氯乙烷其破壞去除率分別達到96%以上(前兩者)及94%以上，且陽極井及陰極井之三氯乙烯濃度皆已降至法規管制標準(2μg/L)以下，且大略算出操作成本約為57.5 元/立方公尺。

This research was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of a chlorinated hydrocarbons contaminated site by combined technologies of electrokinetic processing-Fenton process-catalytic iron wall.The L9 orthogonal arrays were utilized to investigate the effects of four experimental factors (i.e., H2O2 concentration, size fraction of iron particles, mass of iron particles and elapsed time) on the treatment efficiency.The experimental results were further subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regular analysis.According to the ANOVA of results of nine experiments conducted under an electric gradient of 1 V/cm, the H2O2 concentration, mass of iron particles and elapsed time were determined to be very significant parameters for the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) . In this system, the optimal conditions with respect to the DRE of TeCA would be 2﹪H2O2, 50-100 mesh iron, 0.2 wt% iron and 20-day treatment time.Under this optimal conditions, it was able to obtain a DRE of 69.56% and the corresponding operating cost would be 672.9 NT$/m3.
Aside from the constant voltage operation, the constant current operation also was employed in this study. The latter was found to be superior to the former in terms of electroosmotic flow quantity and DRE.
Experimental results of soil column tests showed that TeCA was transformed to trichloroethylene (TCE).TCE could be regarded as a daughter product of TeCA degradation.Results of Tests 17 and 18 showed that destruction dominated the DRE of TeCA, whereas removal played a much more important role in the DRE of Test 19.Regarding the treatment efficiency of a 9-day pilot test using the same combined treatment technologies, it was found to be very satisfactory. DREs of vinyl chloride, dichloroethane, and TCE were found to be >96%, >96%, and >94%, respectively in the anode and cathode wells. The concentrations of TCE in both anode and cathode wells were found to be lower than the regulatory threshold (i.e., 2μg/L) and the operating cost was determined to be about NT$57.5/m3.

謝誌……………………………………………………………………….i
摘要………………………………………………………………………ii
Abstract.………………………………………………………………....iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………...vi
表目錄……………………………………………………………………x
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………..xii
照片目錄………………………………………………………………..xv
第一章前言……………………..……..……..….………………….…1
1.1研究緣起 ………………..…………..……….….……………1
1.2研究目的 ……………………….……….……...….…….…...5
1.3研究內容 ……………………………...…….……..…………6
第二章文獻回顧 ……………...…………….………..………………7
2.1電動力法 …………………………..…………….………..….7
2.1.1 電動力法之傳輸機制 …………………………...….....8
2.1.2電動力法之破壞機制……………………..............….....9
2.1.3 電動力法復育污染土壤之影響因子 …...….………..10
2.1.4 電動力法處理受有機物污染土壤之相關研究 ….….12
2.2現地化學藥劑注入法 ………………..……….....………….16
2.2.1 氧化劑注入法 ……………...…...………..……...…...16
2.2.2 注入法的選擇 ……………….………..…..…...…......18
2.2.3 Fenton氧化法 …………..…….………..………....…..18
2.2.4 Fenton法之影響因子 ……….……..……..……….….20
2.2.5 Fenton法之優缺點 ………….……………..…….…...24
2.2.6 Fenton法處理土壤中有機污染物之研究 ……...…....24
2.3透水性反應牆 ….....…………..……….……………….…...31
2.3.1 透水性反應牆之原理 ..……………………………....31
2.3.2 零價鐵之相關理論 …..…………….…….….…….....32
2.3.3 國內外相關研究 …..………….……………..….........36
2.3.4 反應牆現地應用之現況 …..….………..…….....…....40
2.4含氯有機物 ………….……………..……….…....................43
2.4.1 含氯有機污染物之特性 ………….…….……............43
2.4.2 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷之危害與管制 ….…………......…....46
2.4.3 三氯乙烯…………………….……………………...…50
第三章實驗材料與方法 ……….……..…….....................................53
3.1實驗材料 …….………..……………….................................53
3.1.1 土樣與前處理 ……..……………................................53
3.1.2 試藥及材料.................………………………...............53
3.2實驗設備 …………………………………............................56
3.2.1 電動力法-Fenton法-催化性鐵粉牆組合技術實驗室管柱規模處理系統 ...…………...……..…..................56
3.2.2 其他儀器 ……………………..…..…..........................58
3.3研究架構 …………………………..….........….....................59
3.4 土壤樣品及其特性分析 ………..…........……....................61
3.4.1 粒徑分佈 ………....................................……..............61
3.4.2 比重 ………..……............................................……....62
3.4.3 pH值 ……………………...….………………………63
3.4.4 含水份 …..…………………...…………...….……….64
3.4.5 有機物質含量 ……………..………………..………..65
3.4.6 灼燒減量 …….……………...……………….…….…65
3.4.7 陽離子交換容量 ………….…...….………………….65
3.4.8 比表面積 ………...……….…………….………..…...66
3.4.9 土壤中的鐵含量 ……………….……..…………...…67
3.5實驗室管柱規模實驗 ……………….……….…….........….68
3.5.1 實際污染土壤管柱實驗 …..………….…………...…70
3.5.2 人工污染土配製實驗 …….………….…………...….71
3.6管柱實驗之裝置 ……………….……………....…………...71
3.6.1 現地污染土 …..…………….……………...............…71
3.6.2 人工污染土配製及裝填 …..…………………........…71
3.6.3 污染土管柱裝填程序 ….………….……………........71
3.7反應前後之分析及操作過程之監測 …………………....…73
3.7.1 反應前後之分析項目 ……..……...….…………....…73
3.7.2 操作過程之監測項目 …….…………....………….…74
3.8實驗設計簡介 ……………….…………...……………........76
3.8.1 田口式實驗設計法-L9直交表 …………….………...76
3.8.2 L9直交表實驗結果分析 ……………...……......……78
3.9電動力法-Fenton法-催化性鐵粉牆組合技術現地處理系
統..............................................................................................84
3.9.1 設置整治井及監測井 …………….………….......…..85
3.9.2 鐵粉催化區之設置 …………….…………….....……86
3.9.3 多深度VOCs監測系統之設置 ……………….….…87
3.9.4 電動力法-Fenton法-催化性鐵粉牆組合技術之操
作 ……………………….…………………………….89
第四章結果與討論 ……………….………………………..….....…90
4.1土壤樣品基本性質分析 ……..……….….……………....…90
4.1.1 pH值 ……….…………………………………….....…90
4.1.2 含水份 ………………….………………….……....…90
4.1.3 比重 …………………….……………….………....…90
4.1.4 有機物含量 ………………………………..……....…90
4.1.5 灼燒減量 ……………………………………..…....…90
4.1.6 陽離子交換容量 …………………..……………....…90
4.1.7 粒徑分布 ………………..………………………....…91
4.1.8 比表面積 ……………………..................…............…92
4.1.9 土壤中總鐵的含量 ……………..…..………..…....…92
4.2標的污染物 ……………….………...…………………....…93
4.3現地污染土壤管柱實驗 ……………….…………….......…94
4.3.1 操作過程之監測 ……………….…………...…......…94
4.3.2 反應前、後之分析 ……………….………..……..….97
4.3.3 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷總破壞去除率 …………………...…98
4.3.4 定電流操作實驗 ………………………………........100
4.4田口式實驗設計-L9直交表實驗分析 ...………………....101
4.4.1 特性值分析與正規分析 ………………………........101
4.4.2 變異數分析(ANOVA) ……………….……………....107
4.4.3 確認實驗 ………………………………………....…111
4.4.4 鐵粉扮演角色之探討 ……………….…….……..…119
4.4.5 定電流結合最佳操作條件 …………………………120
4.5人工配製污染土壤管柱實驗 ………………………......…123
4.5.1操作過程之監測 ………….…………………..…..…123
4.5.2土壤處理前、後之分析 ……………..…………...…128
4.6操作費用評估 ……………….…...………………………..132
4.7現地模場整治 ……………….………………....………….134
4.8綜合比較……………….…………….….……………….....138
第五章結論與建議 …….……………...…………………….…….140
5.1結論 …….………………………....……………………….140
5.2建議 …….………………………....……………………….142
參考文獻 …………..…..……………………………………………..144
附錄…………………………………………………………………....160

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