臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討大台北地區區域以上醫院之品管圈團體結構（團體規模、團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力）與團體效能之相關性。研究工具包括團體規模量表、團體合作規範問卷、團體任務規範問卷、團體任務凝聚力問卷及團體效能問卷。
有效樣本共收集263個品管圈團體資料，回收率達86.80 %。本研究分析單位為團體，因此每個團體內的個人層級之資料將聚合代表該團體的分數，所有團體層級變項皆採用聚合資料分析，由內部相關係數 (Intraclass correlation coefficients, ICCs) , eta squared (η2), 及單因子變異數分析 (one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA) 檢定發現個人層級資料可以用來代表團體層級之分數。以多元迴歸模式檢定四個研究假說，檢定結果團體合作規範(β=. 33, p=. 0001)、團體任務規範(β=. 21, p=. 002)、團體任務凝聚力(β=. 26, p=. 0002)與團體效能呈正相關之假說獲得支持，但團體規模與團體效能則無顯著的正相關 (β=-.07, p=. 14)，團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力共解釋51%團體效能的變異量，即品管圈有較高的團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力時，會有較好的績效表現，因此建議未來可透過團體合作規範、團體任務規範及團體任務凝聚力的建立，來促進良好的團體互動，以提昇團體效能。

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the group structures (group size, cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion) and the group effectiveness of the quality circles of hospitals in Taipei area. The research instruments included well-validated scales used to measure group cooperation norms, group task norms, group task cohesion, and group effectiveness.
Two hundred and sixty-three quality circle groups with 1914 individuals from 16 out of 19 hospitals in Taipei area (86.8%). The unit for analysis was the quality circle group. The aggregated individual-level data in a single group were used as the representative values of the group. All the group-level parameters were analyzed based on the aggregated data. Data were aggregated on each variable to the work group level. Results of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) , Eta-squared (η2), and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) showed that aggregated individual-level data were capable of representing the group level data.
Multiple regression analysis was adopted to test four hypotheses. That group with higher levels of cooperation norms (β = .33, p = .0001), task norms (β = .21, p = .002), task cohesion (β = .26, p = .0002) has greater feeling of group effectiveness perceived by members. In spite of the group size was not considerably associated with group effectiveness (β = -.07, p = .14), the cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion accounted for 51% of variance the group effectiveness.
It was concluded that the group members having better feeling of cooperation norms, task norms, and task cohesion demonstrated the better group effectiveness. To improve the performance of group, the strategies for building group norms and creating a cohesion culture should be taken by the organization.

誌 謝 I
中文摘要 III
英文摘要 V
目 錄 VII
圖表目次 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 問題陳述 3
第三節 研究目的 5
第四節 研究重要性 5
第五節 研究概念架構與變項定義 6
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 團體效能 9
第二節 團體結構 13
第三節 團體效能與團體結構之相關性研究 18
第三章 研究方法 34
第一節 研究設計 34
第二節 研究對象 34
第三節 研究工具 35
第四節 資料收集 45
第五節 倫理考量 46
第六節 資料分析方法 47
第四章 研究結果 49
第一節 研究對象特性及分佈 49
第二節 團體層級資料之檢定及工具信效度分析 55
第三節 團體結構與團體效能之描述性統計及迴歸診斷 64
第四節 團體結構與團體效能之推論性統計分析 75
第五節 總結 81
第五章 結論、討論與建議 82
第一節 討論與結論 82
第二節 研究限制與建議 89
第三節 研究結果之應用 90
參考文獻 93
中文部份 93
英文部份 93
附錄一 問卷專家效度之專家名單 103
附錄二 品管圈團體效能評量問卷 104
附錄三 問卷使用同意書 110
圖表目次
圖目錄
頁數
圖1. 品管圈團體結構與團體效能之相關性 7
圖2. 未標準化殘差直方圖 68
圖3. 標準化殘差直方圖 68
圖4. 標準化殘差常態機率圖 68
圖5. 未標準化預測值殘差圖 68
圖6. 團體規模殘差圖 69
圖7. 團體合作規範殘差圖 69
圖8. 團體任務規範殘差圖 69
圖9. 團體任務凝聚力殘差圖 69
圖10. 規模與團體效能散佈圖 71
圖11. 合作規範與團體效能散佈圖 71
圖12. 任務規範與團體效能散佈圖 71
圖13. 任務凝聚力與團體效能散佈圖 71
表目錄
頁數
表一. 團體效能與團體結構相關研究結果彙整表. 33
表二. 問卷調查之機構特性及回收率. 50
表三. 個人基本特性. 52
表四. 團體基本特性. 54
表五. 個人層級資料加總代表團體層級資料之檢定. 58
表六. 團體效能因素之主成份分析結果. 59
表七. 團體合作規範因素之主成份分析結果. 60
表八. 團體任務規範因素之主成份分析結果. 61
表九. 團體任務凝聚力因素之主成份分析結果 62
表十. 研究變項團體層級信度分析. 63
表十一. 團體結構與團體效能之描述性統計分析表 65
表十二. 團體結構與團體效能之皮爾森積差相關分析表 74
表十三. 團體結構與團體效能之迴歸分析表 77
表十四. 團體效能模式適合性的檢定 79
表十五. 團體結構與團體效能之偏相關分析表 79
表十六. 團體結構與團體效能之相關性彙整表 81

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