臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的係探討針對大腿主要肌群進行九個月的重量訓練計畫，對停經後婦女股骨頸骨質密度及相關肌群肌力之影響。本研究採類實驗設計法，實驗對象為趙叔蘋（2000）的「探討不同的運動方式對停經後婦女之骨質密度及肌力之影響」研究中參與研究之婦女，選取條件為停經三年以上、非慣用腳股骨頸骨質密度依照世界衛生組織（WHO）之標準為第一級與第二級、且於本研究開始前一年內未曾參與有計畫性的重量訓練之婦女。本研究中完成九個月、每週兩次重量訓練課程之受試者計有13位。課程內容為腿伸直、腿屈曲及大腿外展三個主要運動。本研究採用配對樣本t檢定、重複量數統計等方法來分析比較骨質密度及肌力前後測之差異性。經過九個月的重量課程訓練後，骨質密度方面，受試者非慣用腳股骨頸骨質密度增加0.14％（p>.05）；肌力方面，股四頭肌、後腿肌群及外展肌群肌力皆有明顯的進步，統計上皆呈現顯著差異（p<.05）。本研究發現九個月重量訓練課程能維持或改善受試者之骨質密度並增加其肌力，由本實驗中得知，針對特定部位肌群進行重量訓練計畫，除對相關肌群肌力的提昇有所助益外，對於其所附著之骨骼密度亦有其正面影響。因此，建議對於停經後婦女在進行運動介入時，運動指導者應注意其相關肌群使用的情形，以確實達到運動本身之預期功效。

The present exploratory study examined the effect of a nine-month weight-training program on bone mineral density and muscular strength of relative muscles in postmenopausal women. The weight training consisted of exercises specifically designed to stress the hips. The study used the quasi-experimental design. The subjects were women that have participated in the study「The effect of different exercises on bone mineral density and muscle strength in postmenopausal women」 of Shwu-Pyn Jaw(2000). They were chosen based on the criteria of having menopause for more than three years; the bone mineral density of the non-dominant leg’s femur neck was stipulated the first and second grades according to the definition of World Health Organization; and before this study, they have never engaged in regular weight training. In this study, there are thirteen women, who have finished a nine-month weight-training program, twice per week, including leg extension, leg curl and hip abductor. Data were analyzed using the paired-samples t test, repeated measures. After the nine-month weight-training program, the bone mineral density of the non-dominant leg’s femur neck was increased 0.14％(p>.05); the quadriceps, hamstrings groups and hip abductor groups were better significantly(p<.05). The findings of this study imply that the nine-month weight-training program may maintain or improve bone mineral density and muscular strength. From these results of the experiment, to design the weight training of a specific region can conduce to relative muscles and bone mineral density. In the future, to achieve the expected effect upon exercise, the exercise adviser should pay more attention to relative muscles that are used when postmenopausal women are doing exercises.

中文摘要.....................................................i
英文摘要.....................................................ii
謝誌.........................................................iii
目錄.........................................................iv
表目錄.......................................................vi
圖目錄.......................................................vii
第一章 緒論.................................................1
第一節 研究背景.............................................1
第二節 研究目的.............................................6
第三節 研究問題與假設.......................................7
第二章 文獻探討.............................................8
第一節 有關運動與骨質疏鬆症、肌力相關性的探討...............8
第二節 重量訓練與骨質密度及肌力之相關研究...................12
第三章 研究方法.............................................18
第一節 研究架構.............................................18
第二節 研究對象.............................................20
第三節 研究步驟.............................................23
第四節 研究工具.............................................26
第五節 資料分析與處理.......................................31
第四章 結果.................................................32
第一節 受試者者基本資料的描述...............................32
第二節 重量訓練的介入對停經後婦女骨密度之影響...............36
第三節 重量訓練的介入對停經後婦女肌力之影響.................38
第五章 討論.................................................45
第一節 與相關研究比較.......................................45
第二節 個案討論.............................................49
第六章 結論與建議...........................................56
第一節 結論.................................................56
第二節 研究限制與建議.......................................56
參考文獻.....................................................60
附錄A 請函暨身體活動指數調查表.............................65
附錄B 運動課程週記.........................................68

一、中文部分
王榮全（1997）。長期羽球運動對中高年停經婦女的骨質密度與體脂肪之研究。臺南：立宇出版社。
王天美（2001）。中藥方劑健步丸對骨質疏鬆症患者骨質量影響的研究。行政院衛生署中醫藥年報，19（3），445-464。
王天美（2001）。中藥方劑健步丸對骨質疏鬆症患者骨質量影響的研究（2-2）。行政院衛生署中醫藥年報，19（1），1-17。
行政院衛生署（2000）。衛生統計-1999年主要國家人口統計要覽。http://www.doh.gov.tw/lane/statist/88/890811-9.htm。
李瑞華、羅煥鉅、周定遠、林光大（1992）。骨質疏鬆症之放射線學診斷。台灣醫界，35（2），45-53。
李水碧、簡鴻玟、劉建恆（1997）。運動選手骨質密度與等速肌力的相關研究。大專體育，34，38-45。
姚維仁、吳重慶（1999）。骨質測量方法的最新進展。秀傳醫學雜誌，1（4），179-185。
張玨、陳芬苓（1993）。女性更年期研究的回顧與展望。婦女與兩性學刊，4，263-294。
張玨、張菊惠（1998）。婦女健康與醫療化：以更年期/停經為例。婦女與兩性學刊，9，145-185。
黃伯超、游素玲、林美月、朱志良（1992）。我國成年人性別、年齡別、身高別體重及過重與肥胖之探討。中華民國營養學會雜誌，17（3,4），157-172。
楊榮森、劉堂桂、蔡克嵩、錢本文（1997）。正常中國婦女的髖部骨密度研究。臺灣醫界，1(5)，565-575。
楊榮森編譯（1997）。骨質疏鬆症。臺北：合記圖書出版社。
楊榮森、劉堂桂（1998）。老年骨折的治療趨勢。臺灣醫界，41（1），31-40。
趙叔蘋（1998）。練習外丹功的有無對於停經後婦女在骨質密度及肌力上之比較。國立臺灣體育學院學報，4，519-578。
趙叔蘋（2000）。探討不同的運動方式對停經後婦女之骨質密度及肌力之影響（行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告。NSC 88-2413-H-028-002）。
簡盟月（1999）。運動訓練對停經後婦女骨質較低者之效果。未出版之國立臺灣大學醫學院物理治療學研究所碩士論文，臺北。
蕭信雲等（1993）。老化與停經對我國婦女骨質流失之影響。內科雜誌，4（2），74-83。
二、西文部分
Alfredson, H., Nordstorm, P., ＆ Lorentzon, R. ( 1996). Total and regional bone mass in female soccer player. Calcified Tissue International, 56(9), 438-442.
American College of Sport Medicine. (1995). American College of Sport Medicine position on osteoporosis and exercise. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 27, 1-7.
American College of Sport Medicine. (2000). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. ( 6th ed.), Philedelphia：Williams ＆ Wilkins.
Ayalon, J., Simkin, A., Leichter, I., Raifmann, S. (1987). Dynamic bone loading exercises for postmenopausal women：effect on the density of the distal radius. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68, 280-283.
Bauer, D. C., Browner, W. S., Cauley, J. A., Orwoll, E. S., Scott, J. C., Black, D. M., Tao J. L., Cummings, S. R. (1993). Factors associated with appendicular bone mass in older women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118(9), 657-665.
Blumenthal, J. A., Emery, C. F., Madden, D. J., Schnicbolk, S., Riddle, M. W., Cobb, F. R., Higginbotham, M., Coleman, R. E., (1991). Effects of exercise training on bone mineral density in older men and women. Journal of American Geriatrucs Society, 39, 1065-1070.
Chow, P., Harrison, J., ＆ Notarius, C. (1987). Effect of two randomized exercise program on bone mass of healthy postmenopausal women. British Medical Association, 295, 1441-1444.
Culpepper, M., ＆ Morrison, T. (1987). Young fitness, exercise and health behavior：a brief review Alabama medicine. Journal of MASA. JAN,24-28.
Dalsky, G. P., Stocke, K. S., Ehsani, A. A., Slatopolsky, E., Lcc, W. C., Birge, S. J. (1988). Weight-bearing exercise training and lumbar bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 108, 824-828.
Dornemann, T. M., Mcmurray, R. G., Renner, J. B., Andcrson, J. J., (1997). Effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on bone mineral density and muscle strength of45-50-tear-old women. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 37, 246-251.
Hartard, M., Haber, P., Ilieva, D., Preisinger, E., Seidl, G., Huber, J. (1996). Systematic strength training as a model of therapeutic intervention. A controlled trial in postmenopausal women with posteopenia. American of Journal Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 75(1), 21-28.
Hatori, M., Hasegawa, A., Adachi, H., Shinozaki, A., Hayashi, R., Okano, H., Mizunurna, H., Murata, K. (1993). The effects of walking at the anaerobic threshold level on vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women. Calcified Tissue International, 52, 411-413.
Heisle, D. M., Harris, B. A., Jette, A. M. (1994). A strength training program for postmenopausal women : a pilot study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75(2), 194-204.
Heyward, V. H. (1998). Advanced Fitness Assessment ＆ Exercise Prescription(3rd ed.), Champaign, IL：Human Kinetics.
Iwamoto, J., Takeda, T., Otani, T., Yabe, Y. (1998). Effect of increased physical activity on bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Keio Journal of Medicine, 47, 157-161.
Johnell, O. (1996). Advance in osteoporosis：better identification of risk factors can reduce morbidity and mortality. Journal of Internal Medicine, 239, 299-304.
Kerr, D., Morton, A., Dick, I., Prince, R. (1996). Exercise effects on bone mass in postmenopausal women are site-specific and load-dependent. Journal of Bone Miner Research, 11(2), 218-225.
Krolner, B., Toft, B., Nielson, S. P., Tondevold, E. (1983). Physical exercise as prophylaxis against involutional vertetral bone loss：a controlled trail. Clinical Science, 64, 541-546.
Layne, J. E., ＆ Nelson, M. E. (1999). The effects of progressive resistance training on bone density : a review. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise, 31(1), 25-30.
Lee, T. K. (1991). Update on osteoporosis in Taiwan. Proceedings of Second Asia Symposia on Osteoporosis, 8-12.
Lohman, T., Going, S., Pamenter, R., Hall, M., Boyden, T., Houtkooper, L., Ritenbaugh, C., Bare, L., Hill, A., Aickin, M. (1995). Effect of resistance training on regional and total bone mineral density in premenopausal women : a randomized prospective study. Journal of Bone Miner Research, 10(7), 1015-1024.
Miller, K. L. (1992). Alternative to estrogen for menopausal symptoms. Clinical Obstertrics ＆ Gynecology, 35(4), 884-893.
Nelson, M. E., Fiatarone, M. A., Marganti, C. M., Trice, I., Greenberg, R. A., Evans, W. J. (1994). Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporatic fractures. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1909-1914.
Nordstrom, P., ＆ Lorentzon, R. (1996). Site-specific bone mass differences of the lower extremities in 17-year-old ice hockey players. Calcified Tissue International, 59(6), 433-448.
Pirnay, F., Bodeux, M., Crielaard, J. M., ＆ Franchimont, P. (1987). Bone mineral content and physical activity. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 8(5), 331-335.
Smidt, G. L., Lin, S. Y., O’dwyer, K. D., Blanpied, P. R., (1992). The effect of high-intensity trunk exercise on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women. Spine, 17, 280-285.
Smith, E. L., Gilligan, C., McAdam, M., Ensign, C. P., Smith, P. E. (1989). Deterring bone loss by exercise intervention in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Calcified Tissue Internation, 44, 312-32.