陸. 參考文獻
1. R. V. Joshi, R. S. Blewer, and S. Murarka, “Metallization forIntegrated Circuit Manufacturing,” MRS BULLETIN, November, 1995, pp. 33-34.
2. H. Yasuda, Plasma Polymerization, Academic Press, New York, 1985.
3. 劉志宏,低介電常數材料製備與蝕刻製程之研究,中原大學碩士論文,1999年。4. S. P. Jeng, R. H. Havemann and M. C. Chang, “Process Integration and Manufacturability Issues for High Performance Multilevel Interconnect,” in Advanced Manufacturability for Devices and Circuits-Science, Technology and Manufacturability Symposium, 1994, p. 25.
5. 陳來助,“ULSI超大型積體電路之銅導線技術”,電子與材料,10月號,1999年。
6. H. S. Rathore and D. Nguyen, “Effect of Scaling of Interconnection,”Copper Metallization for Sub-Micro Integrated Circuit, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1998, pp. 29-44.
7. F. B. Kaufman and D. B. Thompson, “Chemical-Mechanical Polishing for Fabricating Patterned W Metal Feature as Chip Interconnects,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 138, 1991, pp. 3460-3467.
8. C. S. Ryu PhD Thesis, Mater. Sci. Eng., Stanford University, 1998.
9. T. Homma, “Low Dielectric Constant Materials and Methods for Interlayer Dielectric Film in Ultralarge-Scale Integrated Circuit Multilevel Interconnections,” Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep., Vol. R 23 (6), 1998, pp. 243-285.
10. 陳力俊,微電子材料與製程,中國材料科學學會,2000年。
11. 楊正杰,張逸鳳,張鼎張,鄭晃忠, “低介電常數材料與製程”,電子月刊,十月號,2000年。12. K. Endo and T. Tatsumi, “Plasma Deposition of Low Dielectric Constant Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 86, 1999, pp. 2739-2744.
13. H. Treichel, G. Ruhl, P. Ansmann, R. Wurl, Ch. Muller, and M. Dietlmeier, “Low Dielectric Constant Materials for Interlayer Dielectric,” Microelect. Eng., Vol. 40, 1998, pp. 1-19.
14. 林秀珊,溶凝膠法製備ITO透明導電膜及其性質之研究,國立清華大學碩士論文,1999年。15. 王敬龍,溶凝膠法製備ITO薄膜之製成研究研究,國立成功大學碩士論文,1996年。16. D.M. Smith, J. Anderson, C.C. Cho, G.P. Johnston, and S.P. Jeng, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 381, 1995, p. 261.
17. L.W. Hrubesh, Mater, Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 381, 1995, p. 267.
18. K. M. Chang, J. Y. Yang, L. W. Chen, and M. H. Tseng, “A novel Process and Thermodynamic of Air Gap Formation for ULSI Application,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 376, 2000, pp. 124-130.
19. S. Lee and, J. W. Park, “Effect of Fluorine on Moisture Absorption and Dielectric Properties of SiOF Films,” Mater. Chem. and Phys., Vol. 53, 1998, pp. 150-154.
20. D. J. Boer, H. Fukuda, and J. Helmig, “SiOF and SiO2 Deposition in a HDP Reactor,” Microelectron. Reliab., Vol. 38, 1998, pp. 281-286.
21. M. K. Bhan, J. Huang, and D. Chang, “Deposition of Stable, Low K and High Deposition Rate SiF4 Doped TEOS Fluorinated Silicon Dioxide (SiOF) Film,” Thin Solid Films, Vol. 308-309, 1997, pp. 507-511.
22. M. Morgan, E. T. Ryan, J. H. Zhao, C. Hu, T. Cho, and P. S. Ho, “Low Dielectric Constant Materials for Advanced Interconnects,” JOM, Vol. 51, 1999, pp. 36-40.
23. 鄭建星,陳貞夙, “應用於先進積體電路之低介電材料”,電子月刊,十月號,2000年。24. M. J. Loboda, and G. A. Toskey, “Understanding Hydrogen Silsesquioxane-Based Dielectric Film Processing,” Solid State Technol., Vol. 41, 1998, p. 99.
25. P. T. Liu, T. C. Chang, and S. M. Sze, “The Effect of Plasma Treatment for Low Dielectric Constant Hydrogen Silsesquioxane(HSQ),” Thin Solid Film, Vol. 332, 1998, pp. 345-350.
26. M. E. Mills, and P. Townsend, “Benezocyclobutene(DVS-BCB) Polymer as an Interlayer Dielectric Materials,” Microelect. Eng., Vol. (1-4), 1997, pp. 327-334.
27. K. W. Lee, and A. Viehbeck, “Wet-Process Surface Modification of Dielectric Polymers-Adhesion Enhancement and Metallization,” IBM J. RES. DEV., Vol. 38, 1994, pp. 457-474.
28. P. K. Wu, G. R. Yang, L. You, “Deposition of High Purity Parylene-F Using Low Pressure Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition,” J. Elect. Mater., Vol. 26, 1997, pp. 949-953.
29. 張鼎張,周美芬, “有機高分子低介電材料簡介”,奈米通訊,第六卷第一期,1999年2月。
30. K. Endo, and T. Tatsumi, “Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Thin Films Grown by Helicon Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Low Dielectric Constant Interlayer Dielectrics,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 68, 1996, pp. 2864-2866.
31. G. Cunge and J. P. Booth, “CF2 Production and Loss Mechanisms in Fluorine-Poor Conditions and Polymerization,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 85, 1999, pp. 3952-3959.
32. H. Yokomichi, T. Hayashi, T. Amano, and A. Masuda, “Preparation of Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Thin Film,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Vol. 227, 1998, pp. 641-644.
33. R. d’Agostino, F. Cramarossa, V. Colaprico, and R. d’Ettole, “Mechanisms of Etching and Polymerization in Radiofrequency Discharge of CF4-H2, CF4-C2F4, C2F6-H2, C3F8-H2,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 54, 1983, pp. 1284-1288.
34. J. W. Yi, Y. H. Lee, and B. Farouk, “Low Dielectric Constant Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Thin Films Grown from C6F6 and Ar Plasma,” Thin Solid Film, Vol. 374, 2000, pp. 103-108.
35. T. Shirafuji, A. Kamisawa, T. Shimasaki, Y. Hayashi, and S. “Nishino, Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thermal Stable and Low Dielectric Constant Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Using Low-Global-Warming-Potential Gas C5F8,” Thin Solid Film, Vol. 374, 2000, pp. 256-261.
36. L. Sandrin, M. S. Silverstein, and E. Sacher,“Fluorine Incorporation in Plasma-Polymerization Octofluorocyclobutane, Hexafluoropropylene and Trifluoroethylene,”Polymer, Vol. 42, 2001, pp. 3761-3769.
37. K. Endo and T. Tatsumi, “Nitrogen Doped Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Thin Films Grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Low Dielectric Constant Interlayer Dielectrics,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 68, 1996, pp. 3656-3658.
38. H. Yokomichi and A. Masuda, “Effect of Nitrogen Incorporation on Structure Properties Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Vol. 271, 2000, pp. 147-151.
39. N. Ariel, M. Eizenberg, Y. Wang, and S. P. Murarka, “Deposition Temperature Effect on Thermal Stability Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films Utilized as Low-K Dielectrics,” Material Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol. 4, 2001, pp. 383-391.
40. K. S. Kim, Y. C. Jang, H. J. Kim, Y. C. Quan, and N. E. Lee, “The Interface Formation and Adhesion of Metals (Cu, Ta, and Ti)and Low Dielectric Constant Polymer-Like Organic Thin Films Deposited by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Para-Xylene Precursor,” Thin Solid Film, Vol. 377-378, 2000, pp. 122-128.
41. K. Endo and T. Tatsumi, “Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Films on Amorphous Carbon Films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Low Dielectric Constant Interlayer Dielectrics,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 70, 1997, pp. 1078-1079.
42. J. P. Chang, H. W. Krautter, W. Zhu, R. L. Opila, and C. S. Pai, “Integration of Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films as Low-K Dielectrics:Effects of Heating and Deposition of Tantalum Nitride,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Vol. 17, 1999, pp. 2969-2974.
43. J. M. Shieh, S. C. Suen, K. C. Tsai, and P. T. Dai, “Characteristic of Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films and Implementation of 0.15 mm Cu/a-C:F Damascence Interconnection,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Vol. 19, 2001, pp. 780-787.
44. T. W. Mountiser, and J. A. Samuels, “Adhesion of Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films to Various Materials,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 1998, pp. 280-282.
45. N. Ariel, M. Eizenberg, Y. Wang, and H. Bakhru, “The Interface of Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon with Copper Metallization,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A302, 2001, pp. 26—30.
46. M. L. Hitchman, and K. F. Jensen, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Principles and Applications, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1993.
47. A. Sherman, Chemical Vapor Deposition for Microelectronics, Noyes Publications, New York, 1987.
48. H. O. Pierson, Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition, Principles, Technology and Applications, Noyes Publications, New York, 1992.
49. S. Sivaram, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Thermal and Plasma Deposition of Electronic Materials, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1995.
50. 莊達仁,VLSI製造技術,1994年。
51. 張俊彥,施敏,半導體元件物理與製作技術,1997年。
52. 陳陪麗,化學氣相沈積法,1992年。
53. 張志祥,利用低壓化學氣相沈積法製作動態隨機存取記憶體應用之(Ta2O5)1-x-(TiO2)x介電薄膜的研究,2000年。
54. A. Grill, Cold Plasma in Materials Fabrication, IEEE PRESS, New York, 1994.
55. A. Lieberman and J. Lichtenberg, Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing, John Wiley&Sons, INC., 1994.
56. H. O. Pierson, “Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition, Principles, Technology and Applications,” Noyes Publications, New York, 1992.
57. Koyama, et al., “Proceeding of 3rd Symposium on Plasma,” ESC, Vol. 82-6.
58. F. Jansen, “AVS Short Course:PECVD,” American Vacuum Society, 1990.
59. Matsuda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 23, 1984, p. 567.
60. K. Kohler, “Plasma Potentials of 13.56 MHz RF Argon Glow Discharge in a Planar System,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 57, 1985, p. 59.
61. H. S. Butler, and G. S. Kino, Physics Fluids, Vol. 6, 1963, p. 1346.
62. M. Konuma, Film Deposition by Plasma Techniques, Springer-Verlag, 1992.
63. 高正雄,電漿化學,復漢出版社,1999年,第38頁。
64. 高正雄,電漿化學,復漢出版社,1999年,第52頁。
65. 高正雄,電漿化學,復漢出版社,1999年,第55-57頁。
66. S. Vallon, “Improvement of the Adhesion of Silica Layers toPolypropylene Induced by Nitrogen Plasma Treatment,” Thin Solid Film, 290-291, 1996, pp. 68-73.
67. N. Sprang, “Surface Modification of fluoropolymers by Microwave Plasma:FTIR Investigations,” Surf. Coat. Tech., Vol. 98, 1998, pp. 865-871.
68. D. Duca, and L. Plosceanu, “Surface Modification of Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF) under Ar Plasma,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, 61, 1998, pp. 65-72.
69. 李雅明,固態電子學,1995年。
70. A. J. Moulson, and J. M. Herbet, “Electroceramics-Materials、Properties、Applications,” Chapman and Hall, 1990.
71. 劉繼文、賴明志、戴寶通,“低介電常數材料機械性質之研究”,奈米通訊,第七卷第二期,2000年。
72. P. Graham, M. Stone, A. Thorpe, T. G. Nevell, and J. Tsibouklis, “Fluoropolymers with Very Low Surface Energy Characteristics,” J. of Fluor. Chem., Vol. 104, 2000, pp. 29-36.
73. R. d’Agostino, F. Cramarossa, and F. Llluzzi, “Mechanisms of Deposition and Etching of Thin Film of Plasma-Polymerized in Radiofrequency Discharges Fed with C2F6-H2, and C2F6-O2,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 61, 1987, pp. 2754-2762.
74. R. A. Swalin, Thermodynamics of Solid, John Wiley&Sons, New york, 1972.
75. Y. Ma, and H. Yang, “Structural and Electronic Properties of Low Dielectric Constant Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 72, 1998, pp. 3353-3355.
76. H. Yang, D. J. Tweet, Y. Ma, and T. Nguyen, “Deposition of Highly Crosslinked Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films and Structural Evolution during Thermal Annealing,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 73, 1998, pp. 1514-1516.