臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文在技術演化之文獻基礎上，以Hung（2002）所發展出之創新路徑為主導觀念架構，應用於解釋生物科技產業自1865至2001年間創新行動的歷史軌跡與所形塑之結構規則與資源。以演化經濟、資源依賴以及社會學的結構化理論為基礎的技術路徑模型，由行動、規則與資源三構面所建構。行動為創造性、累積的過程，可造成技術提升並推動產業發展。規則即產業規範、典範與同形壓力。資源即廠商遵循規則所能獲得的報酬。
在實徵上，本研究以Yin（1994）所描述之「單一產業個案研究法」為研究策略，將生物科技發展概分成三個階段：第一階段（1865－1972）基因、染色體、核酸與DNA結構的發現；第二階段（1973－1995）遺傳工程與基因科技；以及第三階段（1996－2001）人類基因組計畫與生物晶片。一方面，以時間序列分析以及年代事件排序分析，將影響生物科技發展的關鍵事件列序整理，繼而以厚實描述之歷史回溯觀點；另一方面，概念性歸納分析生物科技發展各階段的規則與制度化資源。本文最後簡要討論政策與管理意涵。

This paper draws on Hung’s（2002）model of technological path to study the evolution of biotechnology. The model consists of action, rules and resources. Action is constructed by firm’s strategic action on innovation. Rules are norms, paradigms and isomorphism that guide and constrain firm’s innovation action. Resources reward firm’s compliance to rules.
Empirically, the paper reveals a series of firm’s innovation action in the evolution of biotechnology of 1865-1997. We divide the development of biotechnology into three stages: stage 1 (1865-1972): the discovery of gene, chromosome and nucleic acid; stage 2 (1973-1995): the double helix of DNA, genetic engineering and technology; and stage 3 (1996-2001): Human Genome Project and biological chips. It moves to conceptually afford the rules and resources with the industry. Implications for policy and strategy are briefly discussed.

第一章　導論1
第一節　研究背景及動機1
第二節　研究目的3
第三節　研究流程4
第四節　研究架構5
第五節　論文組織結構6
第二章　理論基礎8
第一節　演化觀點文獻8
第二節　技術演化文獻9
第三節　行動、規則與資源所建構之技術路徑模型17
第三章　研究方法25
第一節　研究策略25
第二節　產業個案選取準則26
第三節　資料來源27
第四節　資料分析方式29
第五節　效度與信度分析31
第四章　生物科技的變革：Disorder／Revolution 33
第一節　基因、染色體、核酸與DNA結構的發現（1865－1972）35
第二節　遺傳工程與基因科技（1973－1995）41
第三節　人類基因組計畫與生物晶片（1996－2001）52
第五章　生物科技的演化：Order／Evolution 58
第一節　基因、核酸、染色體與DNA結構的發現（1865－1972）58
第二節　遺傳工程與基因科技（1973－1995）60
第三節　人類基因組計畫與生物晶片（1996－2001）68
第六章　結論與未來研究建議 75
第一節　研究結論 75
第二節　研究貢獻 77
第三節　研究限制與未來研究建議 78
第四節　政策與管理意涵 79
參考文獻 81
附錄一、Terminology 89
附錄二、生技產業相關報告與期刊 107
附錄三、生物科技相關資料庫 108
附錄四、訪談記錄 110

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