臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文主要是針對擬均向性[0/45/90/-45]2s熱塑性複合材料Gr/PEEK積層板受到30%Ei(初始能量值)低能量衝擊損傷及熱循環作用等影響後，再利用熱壓修補的方式來探討此種修補方式對Gr/PEEK積層板之靜態強度與疲勞壽命是否能有效提升，另外更以電子顯微鏡來探討積層板的微觀的破壞模式。
由實驗結果得知當積層板受到30%Ei低能量衝擊過後其靜態強度與其疲勞壽命都有明顯的下降；當試片受到熱循環作用時期靜態強度與其疲勞壽命並沒有任何顯著的影響；在經過30%Ei低能量衝擊後再熱循環的試片與先經熱循環後再做30%Ei低能量衝擊的試片在其靜態強度與疲勞壽命都有下降的趨勢，且由微觀的破壞模式發現此兩種狀況下的試片都有纖維與基材剝離的情形發生。
在熱壓修補效應方面的探討：當試片經過30%Ei衝擊過後再以熱壓的方式來修補，其疲勞壽命能有效的提升；熱循環過後的試片經過熱壓修補則是沒有多大的影響；在衝擊與熱循環過後作熱壓修補其疲勞壽命有變差的趨勢，因為以熱壓修補的方式並沒有辦法有效改善基材劣化的情形；在熱循環衝擊過後以熱壓的方式來修補可得到當在高應力等級時的壽命有提升的趨勢，但在低應力等級時其壽命則是有變差的現象；當試片受低能量衝擊後先以熱壓的方式修補再做熱循環，則疲勞壽命則是沒有改善的趨勢，主因是熱壓修補雖然可以有效修補脫層但無法有效去修補基材的劣化。故以此方式所做的熱壓修補並無法有效的去改善同時受到衝擊與熱循環過後的疲勞壽命。

摘要
符號說明………………………………………………………………..IV
表目錄…………………………………………………………………...V
圖目錄………………………………………………………………….VII
一、前言…………………………………………………………………..1
二、文獻回顧…………………………………………………………….4
2-1 熱塑性複合材料Graphite/PEEK…………………………………...4
2-2 複合材料的疲勞性質……………………………………………….4
2-3 複合材料的損傷機制……………………………………………….5
2-4 應力與破壞週次間的關係………………………………………….6
2-5 殘餘強度、勁度與模數(modulus)的變化………………………….7
2-6 衝擊對複合材料的影響…………………………………………….8
2-7 熱循環對複合材料的影響………………………………………….8
2-8 修補………………………………………………………………….9
三、實驗內容及程序……………………………………………………11
3-1 使用儀器…………………………………………………………...11
3-1.1 Instron-1322型萬能試驗機
3-1.2 實驗控制系統及資料記錄軟體
3-1.3 熱壓機
3-1.4 C-Scan超音波系統
3-1.5 電子掃描顯微鏡
3-1.6 熱循環機
3-1.7衝擊試驗機
3-2 試片製作與檢測…………………………………………………...13
3-3 實驗流程…………………………………………………………...14
3-3.1 原始試片之靜態拉伸強度與疲勞強度
3-3.2 衝擊和熱循環效應之靜態與疲勞強度
3-3.3修補效應對靜態與疲勞強度的影響
3-4試片預估的數量……………………………………………………16
四、結果與討論…………………………………………………………18
4-1 貫穿衝擊測試……………………………………………………...18
4-2 擬靜態軸向拉伸強度與殘餘強度測試…………………………..18
4-2.1 原始試片擬靜態靜態軸向拉伸測試
4-2.2 低能量衝擊後之擬靜態軸向拉伸測試
4-2.3 熱循環後之擬靜態軸向拉伸測試
4-2.4 30%Ei低能量衝擊後熱循環之擬靜態軸向拉伸測試
4-2.5 熱循環後經30%Ei低能量衝擊之擬靜態軸向拉伸測試
4-3 修補效應對靜態強度的影響……………………………………..20
4-3.1 衝擊後熱壓修補之軸向拉伸殘餘強度
4-3.2 熱循環修補後之軸向拉伸殘餘強度
4-3.3 30%Ei低能量衝擊後熱循環再熱壓修補之軸向拉伸殘餘強度
4-3.4 熱循環後30%Ei低能量衝擊後之軸向拉伸殘餘強度
4-3.5 30%Ei低能量衝擊後熱壓修補再熱循環之殘餘強度
4-4 軸向拉伸疲勞壽命測試...................................................................22
4-4.1 原始試片軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-4.2 30%Ei能量衝擊試片之軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-4.3 300週次熱循環試片的軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-4.4 30%Ei能量衝擊後300週次熱循環試片之軸向疲勞測試
4-4.5 300週次熱循環再經30%Ei能量衝擊試片之軸向疲勞測試
4-5 修補效應…………………………………………………………...27
4-5.1 30%Ei能量衝擊試片熱壓修補後軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-5.2 300週次熱循環試片熱壓修補後軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-5.3 30%Ei能量衝擊後300週次熱循環再熱壓修補試片之軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-5.4 30%Ei能量衝擊後熱壓修補再300週次熱循環試片之軸向拉伸疲勞測試
4-5.5 300週次熱循環再經30%Ei能量衝擊後熱壓修補試片之軸向拉伸疲勞測試
五、結論…………………………………………………………………34
六、參考文獻…………………………………………………………...36

1.J. M. Kenny and M. Marchetti, “Elasto-Plastic Behavior of Thermoplastic Composite Laminates under Cyclic Loading,” Composite Structures, Vol. 32, 1995, pp.375-382.
2.Sarah M. Bishop, “The Mechanical Performance and Impact Behaviour of Carbon-Fibre Reinforced PEEK,” Composite Structures, Vol. 3, 1985, pp.295-318.
3.J. Morton and E. W. Godwin, “Impact Response of Tough Carbon Fibre Composites,” Composite Structures, Vol. 13, 1989, pp.1-19.
4.N. H. Tai, C. C. M and S. H. Wu, “Fatigue Behaviour of Carbon Fibre/PEEK Laminate Composites,” Composites, Vol. 26, 1995, pp.551-559.
5.Y. Lee and R. S. Porter, “Crystallization of Poly (etheretherketone) (PEEK) in Carbon Fiber Composites,” Polymer Engineering and Science, Mid-May, Vol. 26, No. 9, 1986, pp.633-639.
6.A. Lustiger, F. S. Uralil and G. M. Newaz, “Processing and Structural Optimization of PEEK Composites,” Polymer Composites, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1990, pp.65-75.
7.S. L. Gao and J. K. Kim, “Cooling Rate Influences in Carbon Fibre/PEEK Composites. Part 1. Crystallimity and Interface Adhesion,” Composites:part A, Vol. 31, 2000, pp.517-530.
8.D. S. Saunders and G. Clark, “Fatigue Damage in Composite Laminates," Materials Forum, Vol.17, 1993, pp.309-331.
9.R. D. Jamison, K. Schulte, K. L. Reifsnider and W.W. Stinchcomb, “Characterization and Analysis of Damage Mechanisms in Tension-Tension Fatigue of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates,” Effects of Defects in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 836, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1984, pp. 21-55.
10.K. L. Reifsnider, E. G. Henneke, W. W. Stinchcomb and J. C. Duke, “Damage Mechanics and NDE of Composite Laminates,” Mechanics of Composite Materials, Recent Advances, Z. Hashin and C. T. Herakovich eds., Pergamon Press, New York, 1983, pp.399-420.
11.T. K. O'Brien, “Characterization of Delamination Onset and Growth in a Composite Laminates,” Damage in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 775, American Sociaty of Testing and Materials, 1982, pp.140- 167.
12.G. M. Newaz and A. Lustiger, “Interlaminar Fracture an Craze Growth in PEEK Composite under Cyclic Loading,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.24, 1990, pp.175-187.
13.G. M. Newaz, A. Lustiger and J. Y. Yung, “Delamination Onset and Growth Under Cyclic Loading at Elevated Temperature in Thermoplastic Composites,” Advances in Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Materials, ASTM STP 1044, American Sociaty for Testing and Materials, 1989, pp.264-278.
14.M. -H. R. Jen, Y. S. Kan and J.M. Hsu, “Initiation and Propagation of Delamination in a Centrally Notched Composite Laminate,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 27, No.3, 1993, pp. 272-302.
15.H. O. Fuch and R. I. Stephens, “Metal Fatigue in Engineering,” John Willy and Sons, New York, 1980.
16.W. Hwnag and K. S. Han, “Fatigue of Composites Fatigue Modulus Concept and Life Prediction,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 20, 1986, pp.154-165.
17.林嘉昱,鄭合志及吳文方, “複合材料之疲勞壽命分佈與拉伸強度關係,” 中國機械工程學會第十四屆全國學術研討會論文集, 中壢, 1997, pp.471-478.
18.M. H. R. Jen and J. M. Hsu, “Fatigue Degradation in Centrally Notched Quasi-Isotropic Laminates,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 24, 1990, pp.823-837.
19.A. Rotem, “Stiffness Change of a Graphite Epoxy Laminate Under Reverse Fatigue Loading,” Journal of Composites Technology & Research, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1989, pp.59-64.
20.H. Hahn and R. Y. Kim, “Proof Testing of Composite Materials,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 9, 1975, pp.297-311.
21.K. L. Reifsnider and W. W. Stinchcomb, “A Critical-Elemental Model of The Residual Strength and Life of Fatigue-Loaded Composite Coupons,” Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture (ASTM STP 907), ed. H. T. Hahn. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1986, pp.298-313.
22.A. Rotem, “Fatigue and Residual Strength of Composite Laminates,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 25, Nos. 5/6, 1986, pp.819-827.
23.W. X. Yao and N. Himmel, “A New Cumulative Fatigue Damage Model for Fibre-Reinforced Plastics,” Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 60, 2000, pp.59-64.
24.H. A. Whitworth, “A Stiffness Degradation Model for Composite Laminates under Fatigue Loading,” Composite Structures, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1998, pp.95-101.
25.V. S. Avva, J. R. Vala, and M. Ieyseelan, “Effect of Impact and Fatigue Loads on Strength of Graphite/Epoxy Composite,” Composites Materials: Testing and Design, ASTM STP 893 1986, pp. 196-206
26.吳冠毅, “碳纖維強化高分子複合材料積層板經衝擊後疲勞性質的研究,” 清華大學化學工程研究所碩士論文, 1995.
27.葉銘泉、李懿玲, “衝擊及預扭對碳纖維/環氧樹脂複合材料疲勞的影響,” 清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文,1996.
28.Dibgy D. Symons, “Fatigue Testing of Impact-Damage T300/914 Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic,” Composite Science and Technology, Vol. 60, 2000, pp.379-389.
29.Harvey M. Flower, “High Performance Materials in Aerospace,” CHAPMAN & HALL, 1995.
30.K. Satoshi, “Damage-Mechanics Analysis of Matrix Cracking in Cross-Ply CFRP Laminate Under Thermal Fatigue,” Composite Science and Technology, Vol. 61, 2001, pp.1735-1742.
31.葉銘泉及李威震, “熱循環負載及預扭對CFRP複合材料疲勞行為影響之研究,” 第十四屆全國學術研討會論文集, 1997, pp.531-538.
32.葉銘泉、戴念華、林基正, “具中心圓孔之碳纖維強化聚醚醚酮(Gr/PEEK)積層板經熱循環負載後之拉伸-壓縮疲勞性質探討,” 國立清華大學動力機械系碩士論文(1999).
33.N. H. Tai and H. C. Yu, “Effects of Low-energy Impact and Thermal Cycling Loadings on Fatigue Behavior of the Quasi-isotropic Carbon/Epoxy Composites,” Journal of Polymer Research, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1998, pp.143-151.
34.M. C. Yip and K. C. Lai, “Unaxial Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of the CFRP Composite Laminates Under Pretorsional Fatigue and Thermal Effects,” Procedding of the 1st Asian-Australasian Conference on Composite Materials, Osaka, Japan, Oct. 1998, pp.719-1~719-4.
35.S. Hoon and G. S. Springer, “Repair of Composite Laminates-I: Test Results,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 32, No. 11, 1998, pp.1036-1074.
36.P. Davies, W. J. Cantwell, P. Y. Jar. V. Zysman and H. H. Kausch, “Joining and Repair of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic,” Composites, Vol 22, No. 6, 1991, pp.425-431.
37.葉銘泉及郭家泰, “熱壓修補對Gr/PEEK複合材料經軸向疲勞及扭 轉疲勞之軸向疲勞壽命之研究,” 第十六屆全國學術研討會論文集, 1999, pp.H133-H140.
38.葉銘泉、吳致遠, “熱壓修補對Gr/PEEK積層板經衝擊及扭轉疲勞負載後之拉伸疲勞壽命之影響,” 國立清華大學動力機械系碩士論文(2000).
39.葉銘泉、陳保松, “熱壓修補對Gr/PEEK 積層板經預疲勞週次級衝擊後之拉伸疲勞影響,” 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文,2001.